A cikin aiwatar da lalatawa da yin amfani da glazes, ban da saduwa da takamaiman tasirin kayan ado da alamun aiki, dole ne su cika mahimman buƙatun tsari. Mun lissafa da kuma tattauna matsalolin da aka fi sani da su biyu a cikin aiwatar da amfani da glazes.
1. Ayyukan glaze slurry ba shi da kyau
Saboda samar da masana'antar yumbura yana ci gaba da ci gaba, idan akwai matsala tare da aikin slurry na glaze, lahani daban-daban za su bayyana a cikin tsarin glazing, wanda kai tsaye zai shafi kyakkyawan ƙimar samfuran masana'anta. Muhimmi kuma mafi mahimmancin aiki. Bari mu ɗauki buƙatun aikin ƙwanƙarar ƙararrawa a kan slurry glaze a matsayin misali. Kyakkyawan glaze slurry ya kamata ya kasance: ruwa mai kyau, babu thixotropy, babu hazo, babu kumfa a cikin slurry glaze, riƙe danshi mai dacewa, da wani ƙarfin lokacin bushewa, da dai sauransu. Tsarin aiki. Sa'an nan kuma bari mu bincika abubuwan da suka shafi aikin glaze slurry.
1) ingancin ruwa
Taurin da pH na ruwa zai shafi aikin slurry glaze. Gabaɗaya, tasirin ingancin ruwa yana yanki ne. Ruwan famfo a wani yanki gabaɗaya yana da kwanciyar hankali bayan jiyya, amma ruwan ƙasa gabaɗaya ba shi da kwanciyar hankali saboda dalilai kamar abun cikin gishiri mai narkewa a cikin shimfidar dutse da ƙazanta. Kwanciyar hankali, don haka masana'anta ball niƙa glaze slurry ya fi kyau a yi amfani da famfo ruwan, wanda zai zama in mun gwada da barga.
2) Abun gishiri mai narkewa a cikin albarkatun kasa
Gabaɗaya, hazo na alkali karfe da alkaline ƙasa karfe ions a cikin ruwa zai shafi pH da yuwuwar ma'auni a cikin glaze slurry. Saboda haka, a cikin zaɓin albarkatun ma'adinai, muna ƙoƙari mu yi amfani da kayan da aka sarrafa ta hanyar iyo, wanke ruwa, da kuma niƙa ruwa. Zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma abun ciki na gishiri mai narkewa a cikin albarkatun ƙasa kuma yana da alaƙa da haɓakar ƙwayoyin tama da ƙimar yanayin yanayi. Ma'adanai daban-daban suna da abun ciki mai narkewa daban-daban. Hanya mai sauƙi ita ce ƙara ruwa a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ruwa na glaze slurry bayan ƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa. , Muna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙasa ko babu albarkatun ƙasa tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin kwarara.
3) Sodiumcarboxymethyl celluloseda kuma sodium tripolyphosphate
Wakilin dakatarwa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin glaze na gine-ginen mu shine sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gabaɗaya ana magana da shi azaman CMC, tsayin sarkar kwayoyin halitta na CMC kai tsaye yana rinjayar danko a cikin glaze slurry, idan sarkar kwayoyin ta yi tsayi da yawa, danko yana da kyau, amma a cikin glaze slurry Bubbles suna da sauƙin bayyana a cikin matsakaici kuma yana da wahalar fitarwa. Idan sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta yi tsayi sosai, danko yana da iyaka kuma ba za a iya samun tasirin haɗin kai ba, kuma slurry glaze yana da sauƙi don lalacewa bayan an sanya shi na wani lokaci. Saboda haka, yawancin cellulose da ake amfani da su a masana'antun mu shine cellulose matsakaici da ƙananan danko. . Ingancin sodium tripolyphosphate yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da farashi. A halin yanzu, yawancin samfuran da ke kasuwa sun lalatar da su sosai, wanda ke haifar da faɗuwar faɗuwar aiki. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar masana'anta na yau da kullun don siye, in ba haka ba asarar ta fi riba!
4) Najasa na waje
Gabaɗaya, babu makawa ana shigo da wasu gurɓatar mai da sinadarai a lokacin haƙar ma'adinai da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin laka na wucin gadi a halin yanzu suna amfani da wasu abubuwan da suka haɗa da kwayoyin halitta tare da manyan sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin. Gurɓatar mai kai tsaye yana haifar da lahani mai ƙyalƙyali a saman glaze. Ma'aikatan flotation za su shafi ma'auni na tushen acid kuma suna shafar ruwa na glaze slurry. Additives na wucin gadi na wucin gadi gabaɗaya suna da manyan sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da kumfa.
5) kwayoyin halitta a cikin albarkatun kasa
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na ma'adinai ba makawa an kawo su cikin kwayoyin halitta saboda rabin rayuwa, bambance-bambance da sauran dalilai. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan al'amuran halitta suna da ɗan wahalar narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma wani lokacin za a sami kumfa mai iska, ƙwanƙwasa da toshewa.
2. Gilashin tushe bai dace da kyau ba:
Ana iya yin magana game da daidaitawar jiki da kyalkyali daga bangarori uku: daidaitawa da kewayon shayewar harbe-harbe, bushewa da harbe-harbe matching, da matching coefficient matching. Mu yi nazarin su daya bayan daya:
1) Harba shaye-shaye daidai gwargwado
A lokacin aikin dumama jiki da glaze, jerin sauye-sauye na jiki da na sinadarai za su faru tare da karuwar zafin jiki, kamar: adsorption na ruwa, zubar da ruwa mai crystal, bazuwar kwayoyin halitta da rushewar ma'adinan inorganic, da dai sauransu. ., ƙayyadaddun halayen halayen da bazuwar Yanayin zafin jiki an gwada shi ta hanyar manyan malamai, kuma an kwafi shi kamar haka don tunani ① Yanayin zafin jiki -100 digiri Celsius, ruwa mai laushi yana canzawa;
② 200-118 digiri Celsius evaporation ruwa tsakanin compartments ③ 350-650 digiri Celsius ƙone kashe kwayoyin halitta, sulfate da sulfide bazuwar digiri Celsius calcite, bazuwar dolomite, gas A ware ⑦ 700 digiri Celsius don samar da sababbin silicate da hadaddun matakan silicate.
Za'a iya amfani da zafin jiki mai dacewa da ke sama a matsayin abin tunani a cikin samarwa na ainihi, saboda ƙimar albarkatun albarkatun mu yana ƙara ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma, don rage farashin samarwa, sake zagayowar harbe-harbe na kiln yana raguwa kuma ya fi guntu. Sabili da haka, don fale-falen yumbu, madaidaicin zafin jiki na tarwatsewa kuma za a jinkirta shi don mayar da martani ga ƙonawa da sauri, har ma da yawan shaye-shaye a cikin babban yankin zafin jiki zai haifar da lahani iri-iri. Don dafa dumplings, don saurin dafa su, dole ne mu yi aiki tuƙuru a kan fata da cushewa, mu sanya fata ta yi ɓacin rai, rage shaƙewa ko samun abin da ke da sauƙin dafawa, da dai sauransu. Haka abin yake ga yumbura. Konawa, ɓarkewar jiki, faɗaɗa harbin glaze da sauransu. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin jiki da glaze iri daya ne da kayan shafa na 'yan mata. Wadanda suka ga kayan kwalliyar 'yan mata bai kamata su yi wahala ba don fahimtar dalilin da yasa akwai glazes na kasa da glazes a jiki. Babban manufar kayan shafa ba shine don ɓoye mummuna da ƙawata shi ba! Amma idan ka ɗan ɗanɗano gumi bisa kuskure, fuskarka za ta zama tabo, kuma za ka iya zama rashin lafiyan. Hakanan gaskiya ne ga fale-falen yumbura. An kone su da kyau, amma pinholes sun bayyana da gangan, don haka me yasa kayan shafawa suke kula da numfashi kuma suna zaɓar bisa ga nau'in fata daban-daban? Kayan shafawa daban-daban, a gaskiya ma, glazes ɗinmu iri ɗaya ne, ga jikin daban-daban, muna kuma da glazes daban-daban don daidaita su, yumbura da aka kora sau ɗaya, na ambata a cikin labarin da ya gabata: Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ƙarin albarkatun ƙasa idan iska. ya makara kuma ya gabatar da karafa na alkaline bivalent tare da carbonate. Idan koren jikin ya ƙare a baya, yi amfani da ƙarin frits ko gabatar da ƙarafa na ƙasa mai ɗimbin yawa tare da kayan da ke da ƙarancin ƙonewa. Ka'idar gajiya ita ce: yawan zafin jiki na korewar jiki gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da na glaze, ta yadda glazed saman yana da kyau ba shakka bayan an fitar da iskar gas a ƙasa, amma yana da wahala a cimma a zahiri samarwa, kuma Dole ne a mayar da wurin laushin glaze da kyau a koma don sauƙaƙe sharar Jiki.
2) Bushewa da harbe-harbe matching shrinkage
Kowa yana sanye da kaya, kuma dole ne ya kasance yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, ko kuma idan aka ɗan yi rashin kulawa, za a buɗe ɗigon, kuma kyalli a jiki kamar kayan da muke sawa ne, kuma dole ne ya dace da kyau! Don haka, bushewar bushewa na glaze ya kamata kuma ya dace da koren jiki, kuma kada ya zama babba ko ƙanƙanta, in ba haka ba fashe zai bayyana yayin bushewa, kuma tubalin da aka gama zai sami lahani. Tabbas, dangane da kwarewa da matakin fasaha na ma'aikatan glaze na yanzu, an ce wannan ba matsala ba ce mai wuyar gaske, kuma masu lalata gaba ɗaya suna da kyau sosai wajen fahimtar yumbu, don haka yanayin da ke sama ba ya bayyana sau da yawa, sai dai in ba haka ba. matsalolin da ke sama suna faruwa a wasu masana'antu tare da matsanancin yanayin samar da kayayyaki.
3) Expansion coefficient matching
Gabaɗaya, haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayar jikin kore ya ɗan fi girma fiye da na glaze, kuma glaze yana fuskantar matsin lamba bayan harbi a jikin kore, ta yadda kwanciyar hankali ta thermal na glaze ya fi kyau kuma ba shi da sauƙin fashewa. . Wannan kuma ita ce ka'idar da ya kamata mu koya lokacin da muke nazarin silicates. Bayan 'yan kwanaki da suka wuce, wani abokina ya tambaye ni: dalilin da yasa girman girman glaze ya fi girma fiye da na jiki, don haka siffar bulo za ta kasance mai laushi, amma haɓakar haɓakar glaze ya fi na jiki, don haka bulo siffar ta lankwasa? Yana da kyau a ce bayan da aka yi zafi da faɗaɗa, glaze ya fi girma fiye da tushe kuma yana lanƙwasa, kuma glaze ya fi ƙanƙara fiye da tushe kuma yana karkatar ...
Ban yi gaggawar ba da amsa ba, bari mu duba menene ma'aunin haɓakar thermal. Da farko, dole ne ya zama darajar. Wace irin kima ce? Yana da darajar ƙarar abun da ke canzawa tare da zafin jiki. To, tun da ya canza tare da "zazzabi", zai canza lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi kuma ya fadi. Matsakaicin haɓakar haɓakar thermal da muke yawan kira yumbu shine haƙiƙanin haɓaka ƙarar haɓakawa. Ƙididdigar faɗaɗa ƙarar gabaɗaya tana da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun haɓakar faɗaɗa madaidaiciya, wanda kusan sau 3 na faɗaɗa layin. Ƙididdigar faɗaɗawa da aka auna gabaɗaya tana da jigo, wato, "a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafi". Misali, wane irin lankwasa ne darajar 20-400 ma'aunin celcius gabaɗaya? Idan kun dage akan kwatanta darajar digiri 400 zuwa digiri 600 Tabbas, ba za a iya cimma manufa ta ƙarshe daga kwatancen ba.
Bayan fahimtar ma'anar haɓakar haɓakawa, bari mu koma ga ainihin maudu'in. Bayan fale-falen sun yi zafi a cikin kiln, suna da duka matakan haɓakawa da ƙaddamarwa. Kada mu yi la'akari da canje-canje a cikin babban yankin zafin jiki saboda haɓakawar thermal da raguwa a da. Me yasa? Domin, a babban zafin jiki, duka jikin kore da glaze filastik ne. Don sanya shi a hankali, suna da taushi, kuma tasirin nauyi ya fi nasu tashin hankali. Da kyau, jikin kore yana madaidaiciya kuma madaidaiciya, kuma haɓakar haɓakawa yana da ɗan tasiri. Bayan yumburan yumbu ya wuce ta sashin zafin jiki mai zafi, yana samun saurin sanyaya da jinkirin sanyaya, kuma tayal ɗin yumbu yana da ƙarfi daga jikin filastik. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu, ƙarar yana raguwa. Tabbas, mafi girman haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa, haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka, da ƙaramar haɓakar haɓakawa, ƙarami daidai gwargwado. Lokacin da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar jiki ya fi na glaze, jiki yana raguwa fiye da glaze yayin aikin sanyaya, kuma bulo yana lanƙwasa; idan haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar jiki ya fi na glaze, jiki yana raguwa ba tare da glaze ba yayin aikin sanyaya. Idan tubalin ya yi yawa, tubalin za su kasance da ƙarfi, don haka ba shi da wahala a bayyana tambayoyin da ke sama!
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-25-2024