Shiri na carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)polymer mai narkewa ne mai iya narkewa da ruwa wanda aka samo daga cellulose, wanda shine polysaccharide na halitta wanda aka samu a ganuwar tantanin halitta. CMC yana samun aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin masana'antu daban-daban ciki har da abinci, magunguna, kayan shafawa, yadi, takarda, da sauransu da yawa saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sa kamar su kauri, daidaitawa, ɗaure, ƙirƙirar fim, da riƙe ruwa. Shirye-shiryen CMC ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa waɗanda suka fara daga hakar cellulose daga tushen halitta wanda ya biyo baya ta gyare-gyare don gabatar da ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl.

1. Ciwon Cellulose:
Mataki na farko a cikin shirye-shiryen CMC shine hakar cellulose daga tushen halitta kamar ɓangaren itace, ginshiƙan auduga, ko wasu filaye na shuka. Ana samun cellulose ta hanyar jerin matakai da suka haɗa da pulping, bleaching, da tsarkakewa. Alal misali, ana iya samun ɓangaren litattafan itace ta hanyar injina ko na sinadarai ta hanyar bleaching tare da chlorine ko hydrogen peroxide don cire ƙazanta da lignin.

2. Kunna Cellulose:
Da zarar an fitar da cellulose, yana buƙatar kunna shi don sauƙaƙe shigar da ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl. Ana samun kunnawa yawanci ta hanyar magance cellulose tare da alkali kamar sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ko sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa na zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Maganin Alkali yana kumbura zaruruwan cellulose kuma yana ƙara haɓaka aikin su ta hanyar karya haɗin haɗin intra da intermolecular hydrogen.

3. Ra'ayin Carboxymethylation:
The kunna cellulose aka sa'an nan hõre ga carboxymethylation dauki inda carboxymethyl kungiyoyin (-CH2COOH) aka gabatar a kan hydroxyl kungiyoyin na cellulose. Yawanci ana aiwatar da wannan matakin ta hanyar mayar da martani ga cellulose da aka kunna tare da sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) a gaban mai kara kuzari na alkaline kamar sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Ana iya wakilta martanin kamar haka:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Yanayin halayen ciki har da zazzabi, lokacin amsawa, maida hankali na reagents, da pH ana sarrafa su a hankali don tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙimar da ake so na maye gurbin (DS) wanda ke nufin matsakaicin adadin ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl da aka gabatar ta kowace rukunin glucose na sarkar cellulose.

4. Nunawa da Wankewa:
Bayan maganin carboxymethylation, sakamakon carboxymethyl cellulose yana datsewa don cire alkali da ya wuce kima da chloroacetic acid wanda ba a amsawa ba. Ana samun wannan yawanci ta hanyar wanke samfurin da ruwa ko kuma maganin acid dilute wanda ke biye da tacewa don raba daskararrun CMC daga cakudar dauki.

5. Tsarkakewa:
Ana wanke CMC da aka tsarkake da ruwa sau da yawa don cire ƙazanta kamar gishiri, reagents da ba a yi amfani da su ba, da samfurori. Ana iya amfani da tacewa ko centrifugation don raba tsaftataccen CMC daga ruwan wanka.

6. Bushewa:
A ƙarshe, an bushe carbonoxymethyl cellulose mai tsabta don cire ragowar danshi kuma samun samfurin da ake so a cikin nau'i na busassun foda ko granules. Ana iya cika bushewa ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kamar bushewar iska, bushewar injin, ko bushewar feshi dangane da halayen da ake so na samfurin ƙarshe.

7. Halaye da Kula da Inganci:
BusassunCMCsamfurin yana ƙarƙashin fasaha daban-daban kamar su Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), resonance magnetic resonance (NMR), da ma'aunin danko don tabbatar da tsarin sinadarai, matakin maye gurbinsa, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, da tsabta. Hakanan ana yin gwajin sarrafa inganci don tabbatar da cewa samfurin ya cika ƙayyadaddun da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya.

da shirye-shiryen na carboxymethyl cellulose ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa ciki har da hakar na cellulose daga halitta kafofin, kunnawa, carboxymethylation dauki, neutralization, tsarkakewa, bushewa, da kuma hali. Kowane mataki yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali game da yanayin amsawa da sigogi don cimma babban yawan amfanin ƙasa, matakin maye gurbin da ake so, da ingancin samfurin ƙarshe. CMC polymer ne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai tare da aikace-aikace iri-iri saboda kaddarorin sa na musamman da haɓaka.