1 Gabatarwa
A halin yanzu, babban kayan abinci da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin shiri napel etherAuduga, da fitowarta yana raguwa, farashin kuma yana tashi;
Bugu da ƙari, wakilan masu amfani da Entenaketetic acid kamar yadda chloro santetic acid (mai guba sosai) da ethylene oxide (carcinogenic) suma sun fi cutarwa ga jikin mutum da muhalli. Littafi
A wannan babin, pallulose na itacen Pine tare da aka fitar da gulma na sama da 90% a babi na biyu ana amfani da shi azaman albarkatun ƙasa, da sodium chloroethanol ana amfani da su azaman maye gurbin.
Yin amfani da tsananin guba chloroacetetic acid a matsayin Eteryarni na ETEREN, AnionicCarboxymose Carboxymethyl (CMC), pellic na ionic hydroxyhyl aka shirya.
Selelulose (HEC) da kuma gauraye Sel Carboxymethyl Preal Carboxymethyl (HecMC) uku ELES. guda factor
Hanyoyin shiryella na shirye-shiryen sel uku suna inganta ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen da Orthoogonal, da kuma selululosizin selululose sun kasance suna halayyar ft-ir, Xrd, H-NMR, da sauransu.
Asali na Ellulamofication Elthatation
Ka'idar Ellulose na Ellulose za'a iya raba kashi biyu. Kashi na farko shine tsarin alkalization, wato, a lokacin alkalin dauki na selulake,
A hankali watsa a cikin naiyancin Naho, Pine Pellulose ya yi da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin aikin motsa jiki, kuma tare da fadada ruwa
Babban adadin kwayoyin halittar Naho da selulose a cikin ciki na Pine Cellulose, da kuma amsawa da hydroxyl ƙungiyoyi a zobe na glucose na glucose,
Yana samar da alkalin alkali, cibiyar mai aiki ta dauki.
Kashi na biyu shine tsarin extaron, wato, amsawa tsakanin cibiyar da ke aiki da sodium chloroethanol a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, sakamakon shi
A lokaci guda, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar sodium chloriethatate da 2-chloroethanol za su kuma samar da takamaiman matakin ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline.
An warware halayen gefe don samar da sodium glycelate da ethylene glycol, bi da bi.
2 mai da hankali alkali
Da farko, shirya tabbataccen maida hankali ne ga Naih bayani tare da daskararru ruwa. To, a wani zazzabi, 2g na fiber Fini
Ana narkar da bitamin a wani girma na bayani na Magani, ya motsa na wani lokaci, sannan ya tace don amfani.
Manufactun Manufactuwa
Daidaici ph mita
Rubuta nau'in yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun
Vaura bushewa
Daidaita Lantarki
Yaduwa da nau'in ruwa mai yawa
Triefer canzawa interromometer
X-ray Islmactometer
Spectometer na Nucleic Magneticer
Hangzhou Aolilong kayan aiki Co., Ltd.
Kayan Kayan Hangzhoug Huichuang Huichuang
Shanghai Jinghong Gwajin Gwaji Co., Ltd.
Kayan Torler Toledo (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou David Scient da Kayan Ilimi Dauda Co., Ltd.
Dromo Fisher Co., Ltd.
Kamfanin Karatun Bautar American SWitzerland Arl kamfanin
Swiss kamfanin
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Shiri na CMCs
Yin amfani da Pine itacen alkali celulose sun yi fice da mai da hankali Alkali ya yanke hukunci a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa, ta amfani da Ethanol kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi da kuma amfani da sodium chloroacetetate a matsayin Etath
CMC tare da mafi girma DS aka shirya ta ƙara alkali sau biyu da eter na eteryate wakili sau biyu. Add 2g na Pine Walaflulose a cikin Fallak na hudu-hudu, sannan ka ƙara wani girma na Ethanol, kuma saro da kyau na 30min
Game da, don haka alkalli cellose ya cuce shi sosai. Sannan aara wani adadin wakili na alkali da sodium chloroakatate don amsawa na wani lokaci a wani zazzabi mai yawan zazzabi
Bayan lokaci, na biyu na wakilin alkaline da sodium chloroaceacetate bin ta ehatalification na ɗan lokaci. Bayan amsawar ta ƙare, kwantar da hankali da kwantar da ƙasa, to
Neutralize tare da adadin da ya dace na acetic acid, sannan matatar tsotse, a wanke da bushe.
Shiri na Hects
Yin amfani da itacen Pine Alkali celulose sun yi magana da alkali mai da hankali kamar kayan albarkatun kasa, ethanol kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi kuma 2-chorinoethanol azaman ethan
HeC tare da mafi girma ms da aka shirya ta ƙara alkali sau biyu da eter na etheting wakili sau biyu. Add 2g na Pine Kwali na Alkali Cell a cikin Fallak na huɗu da aka ware, kuma ƙara wani ya girma na 90% (Fasali girma) ethanol, saro
Dama na wani lokaci don ware, sannan a ƙara wasu adadin alkali, kuma a hankali zafin sama, ƙara wani ya girma na 2-
Chloroethanol, Etereified a zazzabi na yau da kullun na wani lokaci, sannan ya kara sauran sodium hydroxide da 2-chloroethanol don cigaba da eurthation na wani lokaci. yi wa
Bayan amsawar an gama, dakatar da tare da wani adadin Acetic acid, kuma a karshe tace tare da filin gilashin (g3), wanke, da bushe.
Shiri na hemcc
Yin amfani da HEC da aka shirya a 3.2.3.4 Kamar yadda albarkatun kasa, ethanol kamar yadda matsakaici na amsawa, da sodium chloroacetet a matsayin wakili na Eter na shirya don shirya
Hecmc. Takamaiman tsari shine: ɗaukar wani adadin HEC, saka shi a cikin 100 ml wanda aka ba da wuta huɗu, sannan a ƙara wani adadin
90% Ethanol, inji na inji na tsawon lokaci don sanya shi sosai, ƙara wasu adadin alkali bayan dumama, kuma a hankali ƙara
Sodium chloroacetet, exturlification a zazzabi akai akai ya ƙare bayan wani lokaci. Bayan an gama amsawa, dakatar da shi tare da acid acetic acid don cire shi, sannan kayi amfani da tace filin (G3)
Bayan tinkarar tsotsa, wanka da bushewa.
Tsarkakewa na Ellulose
A cikin shirin samar da ether, wasu by-kayayyakin ana samar da yawa, galibi ana samar da chloria gishiri chloride da kuma wasu
impurities. Don inganta ingancin Ellulose, an aiwatar da tsarkakakken tsarkakewa a kan sel sel ether. saboda suna cikin ruwa
Akwai abubuwa daban-daban, don haka gwajin yana amfani da takamaiman adadin juzu'i na hydrated ethanol a cikin tattalin launin sel uku.
Canza.
Sanya samfurin sel ether wanda aka shirya tare da wasu inganci a cikin beaker, ƙara wani adadin 80% da kuma kula da injin motsa jiki a cikin 60 ℃ 65 ℃ A madadin zafin jiki na yau da kullun na 10 ℃. min. Aauki mai sanyaya don bushewa
A cikin beaker mai tsabta, yi amfani da nitrate nitrate don bincika waƙar chlorifi. Idan akwai farin hazo, tace shi ta hanyar gilashin kuma ɗauka m
Maimaita matakai na baya don sashin jikin mutum, har sai mltrate bayan ƙara 1 dival bayani na Agno3 ba shi da fari.
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cikin (galibi don cire amsawa ta-samfurin Nacl). Bayan flattration kafa, bushewa, sanyaya zuwa zazzabi da yin nauyi.
taro, g.
Gwaji da hanyoyin halayyar sile
Ƙudara da matsayin canji (DS) da kuma molar na canzawa (ms)
Dearfin DS: Da farko, auna 0.2 g (cikakken (daidai zuwa 0.1 MG) na ƙonewar sel mai tsabta da bushe, narke ta a
80ml na distilled ruwa, motsa a cikin wani lokaci zazzabi ruwa wanka a 30 ℃ ~ 40 ℃ don 10min zazzabi. Sannan daidaitawa da maganin sulfuric acid ko na maganin nah
pH na mafita har sai ph na maganin shine 8. Sannan a cikin mai ba da sanda da electrode na pH, yi amfani da ingantaccen bayani na sulfuric acid
Don takin, a ƙarƙashin yanayin motsa jiki, a lura da karatun PH yayin da aka yi amfani da shi, lokacin da ƙimar pH ta daidaita zuwa 3.74,
Titin ya ƙare. Lura ƙarar sulfuric acid bayani da aka yi amfani da shi a wannan lokacin.
Tsara:
Jimlar lambobin Proto na sama da Hydroxyethyl Group
Da rabo daga yawan proton prosons; I7 shine taro na kungiyar methylene a kan kungiyar Hydroxyethyl
Iingtar da ganyayyaki na proton; Yana da ƙarfi na ganiya mai narkewa na ƙungiyoyi na Methine na 5 da ƙungiyar methylene akan sel glucose
Jimla.
Hanyoyin gwajin da aka bayyana don gwajin halayen sel uku masu CMC, HEC da HeecmC
Doka
3.2.4.3 gwajin XR
Taron tantanin bincike na bayanan X-Ray na allo uku Ethers CMC, HEC da HeecmC
Hanyar gwajin.
3.2.4.4 Gwajin H-NMR
An auna wasan Holor Spectromet na HEC da avance400 H Spectrometer ya samar da shi.
Amfani da Dimethyl sulfoxide azaman sauran ƙarfi, an gwada maganin ta hanyar ruwa hydrogen NMR Spectroscopy. Mita gwajin ya kasance 75.5MHz.
Dumi, mafita shine 0.5ML.
3.3 sakamakon da bincike
3.3.1 Inganta Tsarin Tsarin CMC
Yin amfani da Cellulose da aka fitar a babi na biyu kamar yadda albarkatun ƙasa, da kuma amfani da sodium chloroacetet a matsayin wakili na Enoum, ana ɗaukar tazarin gwaji guda ɗaya, ana ɗaukar ta ne na gwajin factor.
An tsara tsarin shiri na CMC, kuma ana saita masu canji na farkon gwajin kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 3.3. Mai zuwa shine tsarin aikin HEC
A cikin fasaha, nazarin abubuwa daban-daban.
Table 3.3 Factor Factor
Factor farko darajar
Protremizment alkalizing zazzabi / ℃ 40
Protremizing lokacin / h 1
Pretreft da tsayayye-ruwa mai ƙarfi / (g / ml) 1:25
Pretreffent lye maida hankali /% 40
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Matsayi na farko na Ingilishi / ℃ 45
Lokaci na farko-mataki na farko / h 1
Matsayi na biyu na Etitar yawan zafin jiki / ℃ 70
Matsayi na biyu na ɗan lokaci / H 1
CIGABA A CIKIN SAUKI / G 2
Adadin wakili na Eteryarfafawa a cikin tsararru / g 4.3
Etreefie m rabo / (g / ml) 1:15
3.3.1.1 Tashi na Abubuwa
1
Don yin la'akari da sakamakon yawan zafin jiki na protrefe a kan digiri na canzawa a cikin Samu na Samu na Samu, a yanayin gyara sauran dalilai a matsayin dabi'u na farko,
A karkashin yanayin, sakamakon tasirin protreatvalization zazzabi a Digiri na CMC an tattauna, kuma ana nuna sakamakon a cikin siffa.
Protement Alkalizing zazzabi / ℃
Tasiri na protarshemwa Alfalizing Zuwa a kan Matsakaicin Matsayi na CMC
Ana iya ganin cewa matakin canjin cmc yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwar zazzabi mai narkewa, da kuma yawan zafin jiki shine 30 ° C.
A sama digiri na canzawa yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Wannan saboda zazzabi mai kyau ya yi ƙasa sosai, kuma kwayoyin suna ƙasa da ikon zama
Da yadda ya kamata a rushe yankin crystalline, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga ETTON ERTERAZOKE a matakin sel, da kuma matsayin amsawa shine babba.
low, wanda ya haifar da karamin matakin samfurin. Koyaya, zazzabi na alkalization bai kamata ya yi yawa ba. Kamar yadda zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa, a ƙarƙashin aikin babban zazzabi da alkali mai ƙarfi,
PRELLulose yana yiwuwa ga lalata lalata, da kuma digiri na musanyawa na samfurin samfurin yana raguwa.
2
A karkashin yanayin cewa abin da ya faɗi zazzabi shine 30 ° C da sauran dalilai sune abubuwan da suka yi, ana tattaunawa game da lokacin protreathmalization a kan CMC.
Sakamakon canzawa. Digiri na Canji
Pretrefent alkalizing lokaci / h
Tasirin karin lokaci alkalamation lokacinCmcMatsayi na rarrabewa
Tsarin da gangan da kansa yana da sauri, amma maganin alkalin alkali yana buƙatar wani lokaci mai yaduwa a cikin fiber.
Ana iya ganin cewa lokacin da alkalin alkaliation shine 0.5-1.5h, matsayin canzawar samfurin ya karu da karuwar lokacin alkalization.
Digiri na musanataccen samfurin da aka samo shine mafi girma lokacin da lokacin ya 1.5H, da kuma matsayin canzawa ya ragu tare da karuwa bayan 1.5H. Wannan na iya
Yana iya zama saboda a farkon abin mamaki, tare da tsawanta lokacin alkalization lokacin, da inficlration na alkali ga selulose ya isa, saboda fiber
Babban tsarin ya fi annashuwa, yana ƙaruwa da wakili mai amfani da matsakaici
Lokaci: Apr-26-2024