Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (wanda kuma aka sani da: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium gishiri na Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) shi ne mafi yadu amfani da kuma mafi yawan adadin amfani a duniya a yau iri cellulose.
CMC-Na a takaice, abin da aka samo asali ne na cellulose tare da matakin glucose polymerization na 100-2000, da kuma adadin kwayoyin halitta na dangi na 242.16. Farin fibrous ko granular foda. Marasa wari, mara daɗi, mara daɗi, hygroscopic, maras narkewa a cikin kaushi na halitta.
Abubuwan asali
1. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Jamus ce ta fara kera shi a shekara ta 1918, kuma an ba shi haƙƙin mallaka a 1921 kuma ya bayyana a duniya. Tun daga lokacin an sami nasarar samar da kasuwanci a Turai. A lokacin, ɗanyen samfurin ne kawai, ana amfani dashi azaman colloid da ɗaure. Daga 1936 zuwa 1941, binciken aikace-aikacen masana'antu na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ya kasance mai aiki sosai, kuma an ƙirƙiri haƙƙin mallaka da yawa. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jamus ta yi amfani da sodium carboxymethylcellulose a cikin kayan aikin roba. Hercules ya yi sodium carboxymethylcellulose a karon farko a Amurka a cikin 1943, kuma ya samar da ingantaccen sodium carboxymethylcellulose a cikin 1946, wanda aka gane azaman ƙari mai aminci. kasata ta fara karbe ta a shekarun 1970, kuma an yi amfani da ita sosai a shekarun 1990. Ita ce mafi yawan amfani da ita kuma ita ce mafi girman adadin cellulose a duniya a yau.
Tsarin tsari: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: C8H11O7Na
Wannan samfurin shine gishirin sodium na cellulose carboxymethyl ether, fiber anionic
2. Bayyanar sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Wannan samfurin shine gishiri sodium na cellulose carboxymethyl ether, anionic cellulose ether, fari ko madara fari fibrous foda ko granule, yawa 0.5-0.7 g / cm3, kusan wari, m, hygroscopic. Yana da sauƙi a watse a cikin ruwa don samar da maganin colloidal na gaskiya, kuma ba shi da narkewa a cikin kaushi na halitta kamar ethanol [1]. pH na 1% bayani mai ruwa shine 6.5-8.5, lokacin da pH> 10 ko <5, danko na mucilage yana raguwa sosai, kuma aikin shine mafi kyau lokacin pH = 7. Barga don zafi, danko yana tashi da sauri ƙasa da 20 ° C, kuma yana canzawa a hankali a 45 ° C. Dumama na dogon lokaci sama da 80 ° C na iya hana colloid kuma rage danko da aiki sosai. Yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma maganin yana da kyau; yana da tsayayye sosai a cikin maganin alkaline, amma yana da sauƙin ruwa lokacin da ya ci karo da acid, kuma zai yi hazo lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kai 2-3, kuma zai amsa da gishirin ƙarfe na polyvalent.
Babban manufar
Ana amfani da shi azaman mai kauri a cikin masana'antar abinci, azaman mai ɗaukar magunguna a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, da kuma azaman mai ɗaure da hana sakewa a cikin masana'antar sinadarai ta yau da kullun. A cikin masana'antar bugu da rini, ana amfani da ita azaman colloid mai karewa don masu ƙima da bugu. A cikin masana'antar petrochemical, ana iya amfani da shi azaman ɓangaren mai dawo da ruwa mai karye. [2]
Rashin daidaituwa
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose bai dace ba tare da maganin acid mai ƙarfi, gishirin ƙarfe mai narkewa, da wasu ƙarfe kamar aluminum, mercury, da zinc. Lokacin da pH ya kasa da 2, kuma lokacin da aka haɗe shi da 95% ethanol, hazo zai faru.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose zai iya samar da co-agglomerates tare da gelatin da pectin, kuma yana iya samar da hadaddun tare da collagen, wanda zai iya haifar da wasu sunadaran da aka caje.
sana'a
CMC galibi wani fili ne na polymer anionic wanda aka shirya ta hanyar amsa cellulose na halitta tare da caustic alkali da monochloroacetic acid, tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 6400 (± 1 000). Babban abubuwan da aka samo sune sodium chloride da sodium glycolate. CMC nasa ne na gyaran cellulose na halitta. Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a hukumance sun kira ta "cellulose da aka gyara".
Babban alamun don auna ingancin CMC sune digiri na maye gurbin (DS) da tsabta. Gabaɗaya, kaddarorin CMC sun bambanta idan DS ya bambanta; mafi girman matakin maye gurbin, mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma mafi kyawun nuna gaskiya da kwanciyar hankali na mafita. A cewar rahotanni, nuna gaskiya na CMC ya fi kyau lokacin da matakin maye gurbin shine 0.7-1.2, kuma danko na maganin ruwa shine mafi girma lokacin da darajar pH ta kasance 6-9. Don tabbatar da ingancinsa, ban da zaɓin wakili na etherification, dole ne a yi la'akari da wasu abubuwan da suka shafi matakin maye gurbin da tsabta, kamar alakar da ke tsakanin adadin alkali da etherification, lokacin etherification, abun ciki na ruwa a ciki. da tsarin, zazzabi, pH darajar, bayani Tattara da gishiri da dai sauransu.
hali
Domin magance matsalar karancin albarkatun kasa (tataccen auduga da aka yi da tulun auduga), a shekarun baya-bayan nan, wasu sassan bincike na kimiyya a kasarmu sun hada kai da kamfanoni wajen yin amfani da bambaro na shinkafa gaba daya, da auduga na kasa (sharar auduga), da kuma ciyawar wake. don samar da CMC cikin nasara. Ana rage farashin samarwa sosai, wanda ke buɗe sabon tushen albarkatun ƙasa don samar da masana'antu na CMC kuma ya fahimci cikakken amfani da albarkatun. A gefe guda, ana rage farashin samar da kayayyaki, kuma a gefe guda, CMC yana haɓaka zuwa mafi girman daidaito. Binciken da ci gaban CMC ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan sauya fasahar samarwa da ake da ita da kuma sabunta tsarin masana'antu, da kuma sabbin samfuran CMC da ke da kaddarorin musamman, kamar tsarin "hanyar slurry" [3] wanda aka samu nasarar haɓakawa. kasashen waje kuma an yi amfani da su sosai. An samar da sabon nau'in CMC da aka gyara tare da babban kwanciyar hankali. Saboda mafi girma mataki na musanya da kuma mafi uniform rarraba substituents, shi za a iya amfani da a fadi da kewayon masana'antu samar filayen da hadaddun amfani yanayin saduwa mafi girma tsari bukatun. A duniya, wannan sabon nau'in CMC da aka gyara ana kuma kiransa "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
aminci
Babban tsaro, ADI baya buƙatar ka'idoji, kuma an tsara matakan ƙasa [4].
aikace-aikace
Wannan samfurin yana da ayyuka na ɗaure, kauri, ƙarfafawa, emulsifying, riƙe ruwa da dakatarwa.
Aikace-aikacen CMC a cikin abinci
FAO da WHO sun amince da amfani da CMC zalla a cikin abinci. An amince da shi bayan tsauraran bincike da gwaje-gwaje na nazarin halittu da toxicological. Amintaccen abinci (ADI) na ma'aunin duniya shine 25mg/(kg·d), wato kusan 1.5 g/d ga kowane mutum. An ba da rahoton cewa wasu mutane ba su da wani abu mai guba lokacin da abin ya kai kilogiram 10. CMC ba kawai mai kyau emulsification stabilizer da thickener a cikin aikace-aikace na abinci, amma kuma yana da kyau kwarai daskarewa da narkewa da kwanciyar hankali, kuma zai iya inganta dandano na samfurin da kuma tsawanta lokacin ajiya. Adadin da ake amfani da shi a madarar soya, ice cream, ice cream, jelly, abubuwan sha, da gwangwani yana kusan 1% zuwa 1.5%. CMC kuma na iya samar da barga emulsified watsawa tare da vinegar, soya miya, kayan lambu mai, 'ya'yan itace ruwan' ya'yan itace, miya, kayan lambu ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da dai sauransu, da kuma sashi ne 0.2% to 0.5%. Musamman, yana da kyau kwarai emulsifying yi ga dabba da kayan lambu mai, sunadaran da ruwaye mafita, kunna shi don samar da wani kama emulsion tare da barga yi. Saboda amincin sa da amincin sa, adadin sa bai iyakance ga ma'aunin tsaftar abinci na ƙasa ADI ba. An ci gaba da haɓaka CMC a fagen abinci, kuma an gudanar da bincike kan aikace-aikacen sodium carboxymethylcellulose a cikin samar da ruwan inabi.
Amfani da CMC a magani
A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, ana iya amfani dashi azaman stabilizer emulsion don allura, mai ɗaure da wakili mai yin fim don allunan. Wasu mutane sun tabbatar da cewa CMC lafiyayye ne kuma amintaccen mai ɗaukar maganin cutar kansa ta hanyar gwaji na asali da na dabba. Yin amfani da CMC a matsayin membrane, da gyare-gyaren nau'i na maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin Yangyin Shengji Foda, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, za a iya amfani da shi don raunin aikin dermabrasion da raunuka masu rauni. Nazarin samfurin dabba ya nuna cewa fim din yana hana kamuwa da cuta kuma ba shi da wani bambanci mai mahimmanci daga suturar gauze. A cikin sharuddan sarrafa rauni nama exudation ruwa exudation da kuma m rauni waraka, wannan fim ne muhimmanci fiye da gauze dressings, kuma yana da sakamako na rage postoperative edema da rauni hangula. Shirye-shiryen fim ɗin da aka yi da barasa na polyvinyl: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene a cikin rabo na 3: 6: 1 shine mafi kyawun takardar sayan magani, kuma adhesion da sakin saki duka sun karu. Adhesion na shirye-shiryen, lokacin zama na shirye-shiryen a cikin rami na baki da kuma ingancin magani a cikin shirye-shiryen duk sun inganta sosai. Bupivacaine magani ne mai ƙarfi na gida, amma wani lokaci yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na cututtukan zuciya lokacin guba. Saboda haka, yayin da ake amfani da bupivacaine sosai a asibiti, bincike kan rigakafi da kuma kula da halayensa masu guba ya kasance mafi mahimmanci. Nazarin pharmacological ya nuna cewa CIVIC a matsayin abu mai dorewa-saki wanda aka tsara tare da maganin bupivacaine na iya rage tasirin maganin. A cikin aikin tiyata na PRK, yin amfani da tetracaine mai ƙarancin hankali da magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal tare da CMC na iya rage jin zafi bayan tiyata. Rigakafin mannewa bayan tiyata da rage toshewar hanji na daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi damuwa a aikin tiyatar asibiti. Nazarin ya nuna cewa CMC yana da kyau fiye da sodium hyaluronate a cikin rage matakin adhesions na peritoneal na baya-bayan nan, kuma za'a iya amfani dashi azaman hanya mai mahimmanci don hana faruwar adhesions na peritoneal. CMC da ake amfani da catheter hepatic arterial jiko na anti-cancer kwayoyi domin lura da hanta ciwon daji, wanda zai iya muhimmanci tsawanta lokacin zama na anti-ciwon daji kwayoyi a ciwace-ciwacen daji, inganta anti-tumor ikon, da kuma inganta warkewa sakamako. A cikin magungunan dabbobi, CMC kuma yana da fa'idar amfani da yawa. An ba da rahoton [5] cewa instillation intraperitoneal na 1% CMC bayani ga tumaki yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hana dystocia da adhesions na ciki bayan tiyata na haihuwa a cikin dabbobi.
CMC a cikin sauran aikace-aikacen masana'antu
A cikin wanki, CMC za a iya amfani da a matsayin anti-ƙasa redeposition wakili, musamman ga hydrophobic roba fiber yadudduka, wanda shi ne muhimmanci fiye da carboxymethyl fiber.
Ana iya amfani da CMC don kare rijiyoyin mai a matsayin mai daidaita laka da kuma mai riƙe da ruwa a hako mai. Matsakaicin adadin kowane rijiyar mai shine 2.3t don rijiyoyin mara zurfi da 5.6t don rijiyoyin mai zurfi;
A cikin masana'antar yadi, ana amfani da shi azaman wakili mai ƙima, mai kauri don bugu da rini, bugu na yadi da ƙarewa mai ƙarfi. Lokacin amfani dashi azaman ma'auni, zai iya inganta narkewa da danko, kuma yana da sauƙin desizing; a matsayin wakili mai ƙarfi, adadin sa yana sama da 95%; lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman ma'auni, ƙarfin da sassaucin girman girman fim ɗin yana inganta sosai; tare da fibroin siliki da aka sabunta Ana amfani da membrane mai hade da carboxymethyl cellulose a matsayin matrix don hana glucose oxidase, kuma glucose oxidase da ferrocene carboxylate ba su da motsi, kuma glucose biosensor da aka yi yana da hankali da kwanciyar hankali. Nazarin ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka shirya silica gel homogenate tare da maganin CMC tare da maida hankali na kusan 1% (w / v), aikin chromatographic na farantin bakin ciki da aka shirya shi ne mafi kyau. A lokaci guda, farantin bakin ciki-Layer mai rufi a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi yana da ƙarfin Layer da ya dace, wanda ya dace da dabarun samfuri daban-daban, mai sauƙin aiki. CMC yana da mannewa ga yawancin zaruruwa kuma yana iya inganta haɗin kai tsakanin zaruruwa. Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali na danko zai iya tabbatar da daidaituwa na girman girman, don haka inganta aikin saƙa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi azaman wakili na gamawa don kayan yadi, musamman don ƙarewar riga-kafi na dindindin, wanda ke kawo canje-canje masu dorewa ga yadudduka.
Ana iya amfani da CMC azaman wakili na anti-sedimentation, emulsifier, dispersant, wakili mai daidaitawa, da manne don sutura. Zai iya yin m abun ciki na rufi a ko'ina rarraba a cikin sauran ƙarfi, sabõda haka, da shafi ba delaminate na dogon lokaci. Hakanan ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin fenti. .
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da CMC azaman flocculant, ya fi tasiri fiye da sodium gluconate wajen cire ions calcium. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman musayar cation, ƙarfin musayarsa zai iya kaiwa 1.6 ml/g.
Ana amfani da CMC a matsayin wakili na sikelin takarda a cikin masana'antar takarda, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin bushewa da ƙarfin rigar takarda, da juriya na mai, ɗaukar tawada da juriya na ruwa.
Ana amfani da CMC a matsayin hydrosol a cikin kayan shafawa da kuma mai kauri a cikin man goge baki, kuma adadin sa yana da kusan 5%.
Ana iya amfani da CMC azaman flocculant, wakili na chelating, emulsifier, thickener, wakili mai riƙe ruwa, wakili mai ƙima, kayan ƙirƙirar fim, da sauransu, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan lantarki, magungunan kashe qwari, fata, robobi, bugu, yumbu, man goge baki, yau da kullun. sunadarai da sauran filayen , kuma saboda kyakkyawan aiki da fa'idar amfani da shi, koyaushe yana buɗe sabbin filayen aikace-aikacen, kuma hasashen kasuwa yana da faɗi sosai.
Matakan kariya
(1) Daidaituwar wannan samfurin tare da acid mai ƙarfi, alkali mai ƙarfi, da ions ƙarfe masu nauyi (kamar aluminum, zinc, mercury, azurfa, ƙarfe, da sauransu) an hana shi.
(2) Abubuwan da aka yarda da wannan samfur shine 0-25mg/kg·d.
Umarni
Haɗa CMC kai tsaye da ruwa don yin manne mai ɗanɗano don amfani daga baya. Lokacin da ake saita manne na CMC, da farko a ƙara wani adadin ruwa mai tsafta a cikin tankin batching tare da na'urar motsa jiki, sannan idan na'urar ta kunna, a hankali kuma a yayyafa CMC a cikin tankin batching, yana motsawa akai-akai, ta yadda CMC ya cika cikakke. tare da ruwa, CMC na iya narkewa sosai. A lokacin da ake narkar da CMC, dalilin da ya sa a rika yayyafa shi daidai-wa-daida, a rika motsawa akai-akai, shi ne don "hana matsalolin ta'azzara, tabarbarewar al'amura, da rage yawan CMC da ke narkar da CMC idan CMC ya hadu da ruwa", da kuma kara yawan narkar da CMC. Lokacin motsawa ba daidai yake da lokacin CMC don narke gaba ɗaya ba. Hanyoyi biyu ne. Gabaɗaya magana, lokacin motsawa ya fi guntu lokacin da CMC zai narke gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da ake buƙata don biyun ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin.
Tushen ƙayyade lokacin motsawa shine: lokacin daCMCyana watsewa cikin ruwa daidai gwargwado kuma babu wasu manyan dunƙulewa a bayyane, ana iya dakatar da motsawar, barin CMC da ruwa su shiga tare da haɗa juna a cikin yanayin tsaye.
Tushen ƙayyade lokacin da ake buƙata don CMC ya narke gaba ɗaya shine kamar haka:
(1) CMC da ruwa suna da alaƙa gaba ɗaya, kuma babu rabuwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin su biyun;
(2) Haɗaɗɗen manna yana cikin yanayi iri ɗaya, kuma saman yana lebur da santsi;
(3) Launi na cakuɗen manna yana kusa da mara launi kuma a bayyane, kuma babu wani abu mai ƙwanƙwasa a cikin manna. Daga lokacin da aka sanya CMC a cikin tankin batching a gauraya da ruwa zuwa lokacin da CMC ya narke gaba daya, lokacin da ake bukata yana tsakanin awa 10 zuwa 20.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-26-2024