Turmi-busasshen da aka haɗe shine haɗuwa da kayan siminti (ciminti, ash gardama, foda, da sauransu). .) Granules, fadada perlite, fadada vermiculite, da dai sauransu) da kuma admixtures an hade su daidai da wani takamaiman. gwargwado, sa'an nan kuma a cika su a cikin jaka, ganga ko kuma a kawo su da yawa a cikin busasshiyar foda.
Dangane da aikace-aikacen, akwai nau'ikan turmi na kasuwanci da yawa, kamar busassun turmi na katako na katako, busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun turmi na kasa, turmi bushe na musamman don hana ruwa, adana zafi da sauran dalilai. A taƙaice, za a iya raba turmi-busasshen busassun turmi mai gauraye na yau da kullun (masonry, plastering da bushe-bushe turmi) da turmi mai gauraye na musamman. Turmi da aka haɗe da bushewa na musamman ya haɗa da: turmi mai ɗorewa na ƙasa, kayan da ba a iya jurewa ba, bene mara ƙonewa, wakili na inorganic, turmi mai hana ruwa, turmi plastering turmi, kayan kariya daga saman kankare, turmi plaster mai launi, da sauransu.
Da yawa busassun busassun-gauraye suna buƙatar abubuwan da suka dace da nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin aiwatar da aiki ta hanyar da aka tsara ta hanyar yawan gwaje-gwaje. Idan aka kwatanta da hada-hadar kankare na gargajiya, busassun gauraye turmi za a iya amfani da su a cikin foda kawai, na biyu kuma, ana narkewa da ruwan sanyi, ko kuma a narkar da su a hankali a karkashin aikin alkali don yin tasirin da ya dace.
1. Thickener, mai kula da ruwa da stabilizer
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)kumahydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)duk an yi su ne da kayan aikin polymer na halitta (kamar auduga, da sauransu.) Ether ɗin cellulose marasa ionic da aka samar ta hanyar sinadarai. Ana nuna su ta hanyar solubility na ruwan sanyi, riƙewar ruwa, yin kauri, haɗin kai, yin fim, lubricity, rashin ionic da kwanciyar hankali pH. Ruwan sanyi na wannan nau'in samfurin yana inganta sosai, kuma ƙarfin riƙewar ruwa yana haɓaka, kayan daɗaɗɗen abu a bayyane yake, diamita na kumfa na iska da aka gabatar yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma sakamakon inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar turmi. inganta sosai.
Cellulose ether ba wai kawai yana da nau'ikan iri-iri ba, har ma yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta da danko daga 5mPa. s zuwa 200,000mPa. s, tasirin aikin turmi a cikin sabon mataki da kuma bayan hardening shima ya bambanta. Ya kamata a gudanar da babban adadin gwaje-gwaje yayin zabar takamaiman zaɓi. Zaɓi nau'in cellulose tare da madaidaicin danko da kewayon nauyin kwayoyin halitta, ƙaramin sashi, kuma babu wani abu mai ɗaukar iska. Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za a iya samu nan da nan. Kyakkyawan aikin fasaha, amma kuma yana da tattalin arziki mai kyau.
2. Redispersible latex foda
Babban aikin mai kauri shine inganta haɓakar ruwa da kwanciyar hankali na turmi. Ko da yake yana iya hana turmi fashewa (sake rage yawan ƙawancen ruwa) zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, ba a amfani da shi azaman hanyar inganta tauri, juriya da juriya na ruwa na turmi. An gane al'adar ƙara polymers don inganta rashin daidaituwa, tauri, juriya da juriya da tasiri na turmi da kankare. Yawancin emulsion da aka yi amfani da su na polymer don gyare-gyaren turmi da ciminti sun haɗa da: neoprene roba emulsion, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine partial roba emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, da dai sauransu Tare da ci gaban binciken kimiyya, ba wai kawai ba. An yi nazarin tasirin gyare-gyare na polymers daban-daban a cikin zurfin, amma har ma tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare, tsarin hulɗar tsakanin polymers da siminti, da kuma siminti hydration kayayyakin ma an yi nazari a ka'idar. Ƙarin bincike mai zurfi da bincike, da kuma yawan sakamakon binciken kimiyya ya bayyana.
Ana iya amfani da emulsion na polymer a cikin samar da turmi mai gauraye, amma a fili ba zai yiwu ba a yi amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen samar da busassun busassun turmi, don haka an haifi foda mai laushi. A halin yanzu, da redispersible latex foda amfani a bushe foda turmi yafi hada da: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, vinyl acetate-etylene copolymer yana da mafi girman rabon amfani.
Practice ya tabbatar da cewa aikin redispersible latex foda ne barga, kuma yana da m effects a kan inganta bonding ƙarfi na turmi, inganta taurin, nakasawa, crack juriya da impermeability, da dai sauransu Ƙara hydrophobic latex foda copolymerized da polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride. , ethylene, vinyl laurate, da dai sauransu na iya rage yawan sha ruwa na turmi. (saboda ta hydrophobicity), yin turmi iska-permeable da impermeable, inganta Yana da yanayi resistant kuma ya inganta karko.
Idan aka kwatanta da haɓaka ƙarfin sassauƙa da haɗin kai na turmi da rage ɓarnar sa, tasirin foda mai iya tarwatsawa akan inganta riƙon ruwa na turmi da haɓaka haɗin kai yana da iyaka. Tun da ƙari na redispersible latex foda zai iya tarwatsa da kuma haifar da wani babban adadin iska-entrainment a cikin turmi cakuda, da ruwa-rage tasirin a bayyane yake. Tabbas, saboda mummunan tsarin da aka gabatar da kumfa na iska, tasirin rage ruwa bai inganta ƙarfin ba. Akasin haka, ƙarfin turmi zai ragu sannu a hankali tare da haɓaka abun ciki na latex wanda za'a iya rarrabawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin ci gaban wasu turmi da ke buƙatar yin la'akari da ƙarfin daɗaɗɗa da ƙarfin hali, sau da yawa ya zama dole don ƙara defoamer a lokaci guda don rage mummunan tasiri na latex foda akan ƙarfin matsawa da ƙarfin motsi na turmi. .
3. Defoamer
Saboda ƙari na cellulose, sitaci ether da polymer kayan, da iska-entraining dukiya na turmi babu shakka ya karu, wanda rinjayar da matsawa ƙarfi, flexural ƙarfi da bonding ƙarfi na turmi a daya hannun, da kuma rage ta na roba modulus; a gefe guda , Har ila yau yana da tasiri mai girma akan bayyanar turmi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci don kawar da kumfa na iska da aka gabatar a cikin turmi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da busasshen foda da ake shigo da su daga ketare a kasar Sin don magance wannan matsala, amma ya kamata a lura da cewa, saboda yawan turmi na kayayyaki, kawar da kumfa ba abu ne mai sauki ba.
4. Anti-sagging wakili
Lokacin liƙa fale-falen yumbura, allunan polystyrene mai kumfa, da kuma shafa turmi foda na polystyrene na roba, babbar matsalar da ake fuskanta tana faɗuwa. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa ƙara sitaci ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin da montmorillonite shine ma'auni mai tasiri don magance matsalar faɗuwar turmi bayan gini. Babban maganin matsalar sagging shine ƙara yawan damuwa na farko na turmi, wato, ƙara thixotropy. A cikin aikace-aikace masu amfani, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don zaɓar wakili mai kyau na anti-sagging, saboda yana buƙatar warware dangantaka tsakanin thixotropy, aiki mai aiki, danko da buƙatar ruwa.
5. Mai kauri
Tumatir na plastering, tile grout, turmi mai launi na ado da busassun bushe-bushe da aka yi amfani da su don bango na waje na tsarin rufin filasta na bakin ciki ba makawa ba ne don aikin hana ruwa ko ruwa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙari na wakili mai hana ruwa foda, amma ya kamata. suna da halaye masu zuwa: ① yin turmi hydrophobic gaba ɗaya, kuma yana kula da tasirin dogon lokaci; ② ba su da wani mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na farfajiya; ③ wasu magungunan ruwa da aka saba amfani da su a kasuwa, irin su calcium stearate, suna da wahala da sauri kuma a haɗe su da turmi siminti, ba ƙari ba ne na hydrophobic don busassun turmi, musamman kayan plastering don ginin injiniya.
Kwanan nan an samar da wani silane foda mai hana ruwa ruwa, wanda shine samfurin silane mai foda wanda aka samu ta hanyar fesa-bushewar silane mai ruɓaɓɓen ruwa mai narkewar colloids da magungunan kashe-kashe. Lokacin da aka gauraya turmi da ruwa, harsashin colloid mai kariya na wakili mai hana ruwa yana narkewa cikin sauri cikin ruwa, sannan ya saki silane da aka lullube don sake tarwatsa shi cikin ruwan hadewa. A cikin yanayin alkaline sosai bayan ciminti hydration, ƙungiyoyin ayyukan aikin hydrophilic a cikin silane suna hydrolyzed don samar da ƙungiyoyin silanol masu saurin amsawa, kuma ƙungiyoyin silanol suna ci gaba da amsawa tare da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl a cikin samfuran hydration na siminti don samar da haɗin gwiwar sinadaran, don haka silane da aka haɗa tare ta hanyar haɗin giciye an daidaita shi sosai a saman bangon rami na turmi siminti. Kamar yadda ƙungiyoyi masu aiki na hydrophobic ke fuskantar waje na bangon pore, farfajiyar pores suna samun hydrophobicity, don haka ya kawo tasirin hydrophobic gaba ɗaya zuwa turmi.
6. Masu hana Ubiquitin
Erythrothenic alkali zai shafi kyawawan kayan ado na siminti na kayan ado, wanda matsala ce ta gama gari wacce ke buƙatar warwarewa. A cewar rahotanni, an sami nasarar samar da maganin anti-pantherine na tushen resin a kwanan nan, wanda shine foda mai sakewa tare da kyakkyawan aikin motsa jiki. Wannan samfurin ya dace musamman don amfani a cikin suturar taimako, ƙwanƙwasa, caulks ko ƙayyadaddun ƙirar turmi kuma yana da dacewa mai kyau tare da sauran abubuwan ƙari.
7. Fiber
Ƙara adadin fiber da ya dace a cikin turmi na iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓaka taurin, da haɓaka juriya. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da zaruruwan sinadarai na roba da zaren itace a cikin busasshiyar turmi. Chemical roba zaruruwa, kamar polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, da dai sauransu Bayan surface gyare-gyare, wadannan zaruruwa ba kawai da kyau dispersibility, amma kuma suna da low abun ciki, wanda zai iya yadda ya kamata inganta filastik juriya da fatattaka yi na turmi. Abubuwan da injiniyoyi ba su da tasiri sosai. Diamita na fiber na itace ya fi ƙanƙanta, kuma ya kamata a biya hankali ga karuwar buƙatar ruwa don turmi lokacin ƙara fiber na itace.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-26-2024