4. Murmushi da kuma shirye-shiryen Celululose Erher
Hoto na 1 yana nuna tsarin yanayin Elel Ehurers. Kowane rukunin abinci na BD-Anhydroguse (na maimaita sel selulose) yana maye gurbin rukuni ɗaya a C (2), c (3) matsayi, akwai, akwai, ana iya zama har zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku. Saboda sarkar-sarkar da kuma parts-sarkar hydrogen naCell Preelolecules, yana da wahala a narke cikin ruwa kuma kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin cuta. Taron eterungiyoyi na ether ta hanyar Estoration na lalata ƙwayar cuta ta mahaifa, yana inganta haɓakar hydrolenchility, kuma yana inganta ƙididdigar ruwa a cikin ruwa.
Abubuwan da aka sauƙaƙa masu maye gurbinsu da ƙananan ƙwayoyin alkama (1 zuwa 4 carbon carbon na carbon, waɗanda za a iya maye gurbin wasu ƙungiyoyin masu aiki kamar carboxyl ko kayan kwalliya. M na iya zama ɗaya, biyu ko fiye daban daban. Tare da sarkar cell alfarwa ta hanyar sarkar macromexyl a cikin C (2), c (3) da C (6) Matsayin kowane rukunin Glucose ana maye gurbinsu da daban-daban. A tsananin magana, sel ether gaba ɗaya bashi da tsarin sinadaran, sai dai don wadancan kayayyakin da aka maye gurbinsu gaba daya (duk kungiyoyin hydroxyl guda uku ne suka maye gurbinsu). Waɗannan samfuran za a iya amfani da su ne kawai don nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike, kuma ba su da darajar kasuwanci.
(a) Babban tsarin raka'an anhydroguse na ether na sel biyu, R1 ~ R6 = H, ko kuma kayan gargajiya;
(b) wani yanki mai zurfi na CarboxymethylSlell Pelloxyl Sel, Matsayin musanya na Carboxymethyl shine 0.5, digiri na musanyawa na hydroxyethyl shine 2.0, da kuma matsayin canza Mulari shine 3.0. Wannan tsarin yana wakiltar matsakaicin yanayin yanayin Extaruiea'idodi kungiyoyi, amma musanya ba su da yawa.
Ga kowane m, an bayyana adadin extoration ta hanyar digiri na canji DS darajar DS. Rangon DS shine 0 ~ 3, wanda yayi daidai da matsakaicin ƙungiyoyin kungiyoyi da aka maye gurbinsu ta hanyar rukunin ethydroguse.
Don Hydroxyalkyl pelel Ellulose Ehers, da musanya za a fara cirewa daga sabon kungiyoyi na hydroxyl, da kuma matsayin canji na MS, wato, molarancin yanayin mulki. Yana wakiltar matsakaicin adadin moles na Etherying mai amfani da aka ƙara a kowane yanki na Anhydroguse. Wani lokaci na zamani shine ethylene oxide kuma samfurin yana da hydroxyeth m. A cikin hoto 1, darajar MS samfurin shine 3.0.
A gaskiya, babu iyaka babba ga darajar MS. Idan darajar DS ta canza yanayin kowane glucose an san shi, matsakaicin sarkar masana'antu (wt%) na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban (wt%) na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ETHE (kamar -OH3H2OH) don wakiltar matakin canzawa da digiri a maimakon ds da darajar MS. Kashi na kowane rukuni da DS ko MS na MS za'a iya canza shi ta hanyar lissafi mai sauƙi.
Yawancin masu seluloos ELELOS sune polymers ruwa mai narkewa, wasu kuma sun zama mai narkewa a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin cuta. Elethulose ether yana da halayen babban aiki, farashi mai sauƙi, sarrafawa mai sauƙi, ƙananan guba da kuma wuraren da ake buƙata, da filayen da aikace-aikace har yanzu suna faɗaɗa. A matsayin wakili na taimako, eter eter yana da babban aiki na aikace-aikace a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu. za a iya samu ta MS / DS.
Sellulose ehers an rarraba shi bisa ga tsarin sunadarai na masu sinadarai a cikin anionic, cinkic da kuma waɗanda ba su da rai. Alamar da ba ta dace ba za a iya raba su cikin kayan ruwa mai narkewa da kayayyakin mai mai.
Abubuwan da aka masana'antar da aka samu suna jera su a cikin ɓangaren tebur 1. Ƙananan ɓangare na tebur 1 Jerin wasu kungiyoyin da aka sani da yawa, waɗanda ba su zama mahimman kayayyakin kasuwanci ba.
Tsarin raguwa na m eth eth ethet ethitunents za a iya ambaci sunan haruffa ko matakin na hydroxyhose, hydroxyhose 2-m methylellythyl methylcellullyl methylcellullyl haskaka methyl methyl.
Kungiyoyin Hydroxyl a kan selulose ba a samun sauƙin samun dama ta hanyar wakilai masu sauƙin eLhatation, da yawanci ana yin su ne a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, gaba ɗaya ta amfani da wani bayani mai tsami a cikin mafi yawan lokuta na Naho. An fara kirkirar selulose a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar alkaluloous tare da mafita nao, sannan kuma ya sami cikakkiyar amsawa tare da wakili na EThertification. A lokacin samarwa da shirye-shiryen hadewar Ethers, ya kamata a yi amfani da nau'ikan wakilan Eteran ehadarai a lokaci guda, ko EThatullification yakamata a aiwatar da mataki-mataki (idan ya cancanta). Akwai nau'ikan amsawa guda huɗu a cikin gaggafa, waɗanda aka taƙaita su ta hanyar dabarun da aka yi (ana maye gurbinsu da tantanin halitta.
Daidaituwa (1) ya bayyana amsawar Williamson. RX shine mazaunin acigic acid, kuma X shine Halogen Br, cl ko sulfuric acid. Chloride R-Clos ana amfani dashi gaba ɗaya a masana'antu, misali, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride ko chloroacetetic acid. Za a iya cinye tushen stoicomatik a irin waɗannan halayen. Walklulozed Cellululoes Eldethyl Produch, Ethyl Celel da Carboxulose CarBoxymethuthose sune samfuran da Entoration Entureson Encleson Entureson Encleson Enspunation Enchoon.
Tsarin da aka amsa (2) shine karancin dauki na coatalzed epoxides (kamar R = H, ko kungiyoyin Hydroxyl akan kwayoyin sel ba tare da cinye tushe ba. Wannan amsar tana iya ci gaba kamar yadda aka samar da wasu kungiyoyin Hydroxyl yayin amsawar, kai ga samuwar onithyhyhyhylene: Sel mai irin wannan . Samfuran Hydroxylyehyl Sel Dreyroxypylyl Sel, Slell Sel Sell Preel slell da Hydroxybutyl PLEL duk samfuran coman-coatalzed epoxidation.
Dokar da aka amsa (3) shine amsawar tsakanin sel-oh da kuma mahaɗan kwayoyin da ke dauke da rukuni na lantarki, kamar CN, CN, ko so3-na +. A yau irin wannan amsawar ana amfani da shi da wuya.
Tsarin da aka amsa (4), ETherficationfication tare da Diazoalane ba a sarrafa masana'antu tukuna.
- Irin sel mai
Elellulose eth eth eth eth ether ko hade ether, kuma kaddarorin sun bambanta. Akwai wasu 'yan kungiyoyi masu rauni a kan sel macromelecule, irin su kungiyoyin hydroxyl, wanda za su iya ba da samfurin tare da wani matakin ƙididdigar ruwa, kamar yadda methyl, Ethyl, da sauransu Ka ba da samfurin wani takamaiman samfurin ruwa, da samfurin mai ƙarancin ruwa kawai yana kumbura cikin ruwa ko za'a iya narkar da shi a cikin tsararren maganin alfali na. Tare da zurfin bincike kan kadarorin sel Elhers, sabon 3.3
Dokar Tasirin Groupsungiyoyi a cikin gauraye Ehurers akan kadarorin solubility shine:
1) theara abubuwan da ke tattare da kungiyoyin hydrophobic a cikin samfurin don haɓaka hydrophobriity na ether da rage gel maki;
2) theara abubuwan da ke cikin rudani (kamar hidimar hydroxyethyl) don ƙara gel ɗinta;
3) Kungiyar Hydroxypolyl ta musamman ce, kuma an dace Hydroxypropypyp na iya rage yawan zafin jiki na samfurin, amma babban canji zai sake zama gel ɗinta; Dalilin shi ne saboda tsayin tsinkaye na musamman na kungiyar hydroxypyl rukuni, low-matakin hydroxypropyl, da tsakanin kwayoyin halittar macromoxyl a kan sarƙoƙin silins. Ruwa mai zurfi ne. A gefe guda, idan musanya ta yi yawa, za a sami polymerization a kan rukunin Hydroxyl zai ragu, da hydrophericity zai ragewa, kuma za a rage karfin da ba.
Samarwa da bincike napel etheryana da dogon tarihi. A cikin 1905, Sida da farko sun ruwaito da Erhortarfafa Celullulose, wanda aka saba tare da Dimethyl sulfate. Alkyl Alkyl Ethers an lasafta shi da Lilienfeld (1912), Dreyfus (1920) da leuchle (1920) da celululoose mai narkewa ko mai narkewa. Bulherg da Gomberg sun samar da Brellulose Benzyl Preellulose a cikin 1921, an samar da cellulose na Hydroxyl a 1920. A farkon 1920s, an tallata Carboxyluloselculose a Jamus. Daga 1937 zuwa 1938, an cimma nasarar samar da MC da HEC a Amurka. Sweden ta fara samar da ruwan sha mai narkewa a 1945. Bayan 1945, samar da ethulose na fadada cikin sauri a yammacin Turai, Amurka da Japan. A karshen shekarar 1957, an fara aiwatar da CRC a cikin masana'antar Kwallan Shanghai. Ya zuwa 2004, karfin samuwar kasata zai zama ton 30,000 na ionic ether da tan 10,000 na awen ionic. A 2007, zai kai kilogram 100,000 na ionic ether da tan 40,000 na ononic enidic. Kamfanoni na haɗin gwiwa a gida da kuma kasashen waje suma suna fitowa ne, da ikon samar da sel na kasar Sin da fasaha suna inganta koyaushe.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin selulose monoethers da kuma gauraye grad da ƙimar DS daban-daban, vencopies, tsarkakakkun abubuwa da rhiyawan kaddarorin sun ci gaba. A halin yanzu, ingantaccen ci gaba a fannin prelulose ne zai karɓi fasahar samarwa mai inganci, sabbin kayan aiki, samfuran samfuran, da kuma samfuran samfurori masu inganci, da kuma samfurori masu inganci, da kuma samfuran samfurori masu inganci.
Lokaci: Apr-28-2024