ʻIke kemika ka wehewehe a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka fiber, cellulose a me cellulose ether

Uila:

ʻO ka fiber, i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke kemika a me ka ʻepekema waiwai, e pili ana i kahi papa o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ko lākou ʻano lōʻihi, like me ke kaula. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea me nā polymers, ʻo ia nā molekole nui i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana hou i kapa ʻia he monomers. Hiki i nā fibers ke kūlohelohe a i ʻole synthetic, a ʻike lākou i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole me ka textiles, composites, a me ka biomedicine.

Loaʻa nā fiber maoli mai nā mea kanu, holoholona, ​​a me nā minela. ʻO nā laʻana he pulupulu, hulu hipa, siliki, a me asbestos. Hana ʻia nā fibers synthetic mai nā mea kemika ma o nā kaʻina like polymerization. ʻO Nylon, polyester, a me ka acrylic nā laʻana maʻamau o nā fiber synthetic.

Ma ke ʻano o ka kemika, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "fiber" e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mea ma mua o kona ʻano kemika. Hōʻike ʻia nā fiber e ko lākou ʻano lākiō kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ko lākou ākea. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano elongated i nā waiwai e like me ka ikaika, ka maʻalahi, a me ka lōʻihi i ka mea, e hana pono i nā fibers i nā noi like ʻole mai ka lole a hiki i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mea hana.

Cellulose:

Cellulosehe polysaccharide, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka carbohydrate i haku ʻia me nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā molekole kō. ʻO ia ka polymer organik nui loa ma ka Honua a lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hana i loko o nā paia cell o nā mea kanu. ʻO ke kemika, aia ka cellulose i nā ʻāpana hou o ka glucose i hoʻopili pū ʻia e nā paʻa β-1,4-glycosidic.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka cellulose he fibrous loa, me nā molekole cellulose e hoʻopili iā lākou iho i nā microfibrils e hoʻohui hou aʻe e hana i nā hale nui e like me nā fibers. Hāʻawi kēia mau fibers i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka rigidity a me ka ikaika. Ma waho aʻe o kāna kuleana i nā mea kanu, ʻo ka cellulose kekahi mea nui o ka fiber dietary i loaʻa i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā kīʻaha. Loaʻa i nā kānaka nā enzymes e pono ai e wāwahi i ka cellulose, no laila ke hele nei i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe me ka paʻa loa, e kōkua ana i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke olakino o ka ʻōpū.

He nui nā noi ʻoihana ʻo Cellulose ma muli o kona nui, hoʻohou, a me nā waiwai i makemake ʻia e like me ka biodegradability, biocompatibility, a me ka ikaika. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa, nā textiles, nā mea kūkulu hale, a me nā biofuels.

Cellulose Etera:

Cellulose ethershe pūʻulu kemika i loaʻa mai ka cellulose ma o ka hoʻololi kemika. ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūʻulu hana, e like me ka hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, a i ʻole carboxymethyl, ma luna o ka iwi kuamoʻo cellulose. ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose ethers e mālama i kekahi o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka cellulose ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai hou i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hui hana i hoʻohui ʻia.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka cellulose a me ka cellulose ethers aia i ko lākou mau waiwai solubility. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose i loko o ka wai a me ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, ʻo ka cellulose ethers e hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia i ka wai a i ʻole hōʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka solubility i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. ʻO kēia solubility e hana i ka cellulose ethers i nā mea maʻalahi me ka nui o nā noi i nā ʻoihana e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me ke kūkulu ʻana.

ʻO nā laʻana maʻamau o cellulose ethers he methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a me carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau pūhui e like me nā mānoanoa, nā mea hoʻopili, nā stabilizer, a me nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CMC i nā huahana meaʻai ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa a me ka emulsifier, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka HPC i nā hana lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka fiber e pili ana i nā mea me kahi ʻano lōʻihi, like me ke kaula, cellulose he polymer kūlohelohe i loaʻa i loko o nā paia o nā mea kanu, a ʻo ka cellulose ethers he mau mea hoʻololi kemika o cellulose me nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei ka cellulose i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā no nā mea kanu a lilo i kumu o ka fiber dietary, hāʻawi nā cellulose ethers i ka solubility i hoʻonui ʻia a loaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana ākea ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa.