1.structure a me ke kumu hoʻomākaukau o ka cellouse eter
Hōʻike ka kiʻi 1 i keʻano maʻamau o nā makuahine cellouse. ʻO kēlā me kēia pūʻulu BD-Anyhydroglucose (ʻo ka hana houʻana o ka cellulouse) Ma muli o nā kaula komo intra-chain-chain hydrogen paʻaʻO nā Peila Macomole Servil, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai a aneane pau nā mea āpau a pau. ʻO ka Mea hoʻopuka e kāTera me nā hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka Eartorioys Indromocular a me CentuleCules hydropight, hoʻomaikaʻi nui i kāna mea pale.
ʻO nā hui mollecular maʻamau nā mea maʻamau molokax ʻO nā mea he nui paha o nā mea,ʻelua aʻelua paha mauʻano likeʻole. Ma ke kaula Celoulose macromolecular, nā hui hydroxyl ma ka c (2), c (3) a me c (6) a me c ʻO ka'ōlelo a me ka'ōleloʻana,ʻo Cellulose eter i loaʻa i kahiʻano maʻamau,ʻo ia wale nō no kēlā mau huahana i hoʻohuliʻia e kekahiʻano o ka hui (āpauʻekolu Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau huahana no ka nānāʻana i ka loiloi kiʻi a me ka noiʻi,ʻaʻohe waiwai kālepa.
(a) keʻano maʻamau o nā'āpana alydroglucoseʻelua o nā'āpana molebular o ka cellouse ether
(b) kahi kaula molecularhydroxythyl cellulouse, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololiʻana o ka carboxymyl he 0.5, keʻano o ka hoʻololiʻana o ka hydroxythiyl Hoʻopau kēia hoʻonohonoho i ka pae waena o ka poli no na Hui, akā heʻokoʻa ka mea o ka mea.
No kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa, ua hōʻikeʻia ka nui o ka nui o ka eterification e ka pae o ke kumu o ka mea e loaʻa ai ka waiwai. ʻO ka nui o nā DS he 0 ~ 3,ʻo ia ka mea e like me ka helu o ka nui o nā hui hydroxyl e hoʻololiʻia e nā hui o kēlā me kēia o nā hui otherdroglucose.
No ka hydroxykylyl cellulousel, e hoʻomaka ka hopena o ka mea e hoʻopiliʻia mai ka waiwai hydroxyl hou, aʻo ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka mom hydroxyl hou,ʻo ia ka pae o ka mom hydroxyl hou. Hōʻike ia i ka helu a me ka helu o nā molena o ka mea i hoʻohuiʻia i ka mea i hoʻohuiʻia i kēlā me kēia'āpana Anhydroglucose. ʻO kahi reactant maʻamau he ellelene obdene a me ka huahana he hydryyethyl. I ke kiʻi 1,ʻo ka helu ms o ka huahana he 3.0.
Ka mea,ʻaʻohe palena o luna no ka waiwai o ka MS. Ināʻike pinepineʻia ka waiwai o ka pae o keʻano o ka huiʻana i kēlā me kēia pūʻulu Rlucose, e hoʻohana pinepineʻia i ka hapa nui o nā mea hana e hōʻike i keʻano o ke ala a me ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka DS a me MS Varies. Hiki ke hoʻololiʻia ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia hui a me kāna mau a me ka ms a iʻole ms waiwai e hoʻohuliʻia e ka helu maʻalahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā'ōpū olohimose ka waiʻili, a he palupalu kekahi i ka mea i pili ana i nā kūloko arigic. Ke hoʻonui nei nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka mea e loaʻa ai nāʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kumu nui a me nā kumu kūʻai aku a me nā kumu hana Ma keʻano he Aarxillory Agent, Cellulouse eter i loaʻa i kahi noi nui e loaʻa ana i nā papa inoa nui. hiki ke loaʻa e MS / DS.
Hōʻikeʻia nā makuahine e like me keʻano o keʻano o nā china Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nā manaʻo nonionitic i loko o nā huahana wai-wai a me nā huahana.
ʻO nā huahana i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka papa kiʻekiʻe o ka papaʻaina 1.ʻO kaʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o nā papa inoa iʻikeʻia,ʻaʻole i lilo i nā huahana waiwai nui.
Hiki ke kapaʻia keʻano o ka mea i hoʻohuiʻia i nā mea i hoʻohuiʻia e like me keʻano o ka alpha e hōʻike i ka mea i loaʻa i ka miyyl.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi nā pūʻulu o nā hui hydroxyl ma ke kelepona ethelification e ka poʻe ithetificalification, aʻo ke kaʻina hana e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline. Ua hana muaʻia ka cellouse i loko o ka swollen alkali cellulouse me ka hopena o naoh I ka manawa o ka hopena a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā'ehī e hoʻohuiʻia i nā mea hoʻohuiʻalani e hoʻohanaʻia e ka manawa like, a iʻole eʻalo ai e hana i ka hanaʻana ma ka wā e hiki ai ke hanaʻia (inā pono). ʻEhā mauʻano reiano i keʻano o keʻano o ka cellouse, e hōʻuluʻuluʻia e ka hopena o ka recouction (cellulosic e like me keʻano:
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike (1) e wehewehe ana i ka hopena o Williamson o Williamson. ʻO RX kahi AcIDACIC ACIDET EVERER, a x is halogen br, cl a sulfuric acid ester. Ua hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo Chloride R-CL i kaʻoihana, no ka laʻana,ʻo Methyl chloride, Everyl chloride a chloroectide aclortide acid. Ua hoʻopauʻia kahi nui o kahi stochioometric o nā kumuwaiwai. ʻO ka Cellulose Cellulous
ʻO kaʻanoʻanoʻano (2)ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻohuiʻana o nā epox-catalyzed (e like me r = H, ch3. E hoʻomauʻia kēia hopena e like me nā hui Hydroxyl hou i hanaʻia i ka wā o Oxideyl Ether . ^. ʻO nā huahana e like me ka hydryethyl cellulouse, hydroxyproopsl cellulouse a me ka hydroxybutl cellulouse a me ka hydroxybutl cellulose a me nā mea e hoʻopili ai i nā mea hou o ka cend-catalyzed.
ʻAnoʻanoʻano (3) ka hopena ma waena o keʻano o ka collad-a me nā mea hoʻohui e pili ana i nā hui alkaline, e like me cn, conh2, a iʻole no ka con-so3--so3--so3-no. I kēia lā ua hoʻohana pinepineʻia kēiaʻano o kēiaʻano hana.
ʻO keʻano o ka hana
- ʻO nāʻano o nā momi cellouse
Hiki i nā Cellouse Eter Emery a i kāwiliʻia e ka eter, a heʻokoʻa kāna mau waiwai. Aia nā hui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka celilous macromolecule, e like me nā hui hydrophobic Hāʻawi i ka huahana i kahi kūlana wai, a me ka huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō i nā wai i loko o ka wai a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma Dilte Alkali. Me ka noiʻiʻana i loko o nā waiwai o nā nalu huapalapala, nā'āpana kelepona hou a me kā lākou hoʻokeleʻana i nā haʻawina nui a me ka paeʻana o kaʻenehana nui loa.
ʻO ke kānāwai maʻamau o ka hopena o nā pūʻulu i huiʻia i nā mea i huiʻia ma nā waiwai kūpono.
1) E hoʻonui i nāʻike o nā hui hydrophobic i ka huahana e hoʻonui ai i ka hydrohobicity o ka eter a haʻahaʻa;
2) E hoʻonui i nāʻike o nā hui hydrophilic (e like me nā hui hydrxxythyl) e hoʻonui i kona wahi gel;
3)ʻO ka huiʻo hydroxyprooppyl ka mea kūikawā ʻO ke kumu ma muli o keʻano lōʻihi o ka carbon carbon kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hui hydroxypopyl, i lalo o nā mydroxyl i loko o nā kaulahao Wai ka wai. Ma kaʻaoʻao'ē aʻe, inā kiʻekiʻe keʻano, e lilo ia i polymerization ma ka hui, e hoʻonuiʻia ka manaʻo pili o ka hui hydrobilityl e hoʻonui ana i ka lehulehu.
Ka hana a me ka noiʻi ocelllouse eterhe mōʻaukala lōʻihi. I ka makahiki 1905, ua hōʻike muaʻo Suida i ka hoʻonuiʻia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o Cellout Ua nānāʻiaʻo Nonoinic Alkyl e nā makuahine e Lilienfelfeld (1912), Dreyfus (1914) a me nā leihei wai (1920). Ua hanaʻo Buchler a me Gomberg i nā cellulouse cellulouse ma 1921, i hana muaʻia e ka makahiki 1918 Mai 1937 a 1938, uaʻikeʻia ka hanaʻoihana o Mc a me nā Hec ma United States. Ua hoʻomakaʻo Sweden i ka hanaʻana o ka wai-sollable ehec i ka makahiki 1945. Ma hope o 1945,ʻo ka hanaʻana o Europe e Europa,ʻoʻAmelika a me Iapana a me Iapana. I ka hopena o 1957, ua kau muaʻo Kina CMC i ka hana ma Shanghai Collaloid. E ka 2004, hiki i ka nui o ka hana hana o kaʻu'āina he 30,000 mau tons o Ionec eter a me 10,000 Tons o Non-Ion-ITO. E 2007, e hiki iā ia he 100,000 mau tons o Ioc a me 40,000 mau tons o ka nonionic. ʻO nā hui o nāʻenehana hui pūʻia ma ka home a me nā mea'ē aʻe e kū pinepine ana, a me keʻano o keʻano o Kina.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, he nui nā molipeke mau a me nā makemake likeʻole me nāʻano mea likeʻole, nā mea kūʻai aku, ua ulu mauʻia nā waiwai a me nā pilina. I kēia manawa,ʻo ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hoʻomohalaʻana ma ke kahua o ka mode cellouse, nā huahana hou, nā huahana hou e noiʻiʻia.
Post Time: APR-28-2024