No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai ka cellulose he polymer?

ʻO ka cellulose, ka mea i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohuihui meaʻai nui loa ma ka Honua, he moleke hoihoi a paʻakikī me ka hopena nui i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ola, mai ke ʻano o nā mea kanu a hiki i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa a me nā textiles.

E hoʻomaopopo i ke kumucelluloseHoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he polymer, pono ia e ʻimi i kāna ʻano molekala, nā ʻano hana, a me ke ʻano e hōʻike ʻia ma nā pae macroscopic a me ka microscopic. Ma ka nānā pono ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana, hiki iā mākou ke wehewehe i ke ʻano polymer o cellulose.

Nā Kumu Kemika Polymer:
ʻO ka ʻepekema Polymer kahi lālā o ke kemika e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā macromolecules, ʻo ia nā molekole nui i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana hana hou i kapa ʻia he monomers. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka polymerization e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kēia mau monomers ma o nā mea paʻa covalent, e hana ana i nā kaulahao lōʻihi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻupena.

ʻO ke ʻano molekole cellulose:
Hoʻokumu mua ʻia ʻo Cellulose me nā kalapona, hydrogen, a me nā ʻātoma oxygen, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano kaulahao laina. ʻO kāna papa hana kumu, ka mole glucose, lawelawe ʻo ia ka ʻāpana monomeric no ka polymerization cellulose. Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana glucose i loko o ke kaulahao cellulose i ka mea aʻe ma o nā loulou glycosidic β(1→4), kahi e hana ai nā pūʻulu hydroxyl (-OH) ma carbon-1 a me carbon-4 o nā ʻāpana glucose pili i nā hopena condensation e hana i ka loulou.

ʻO ke ʻano Polymeric o Cellulose:

Nā Hui Hana Hou: ʻO nā loulou glycosidic β(1→4) i loko o ka cellulose ka hopena i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana glucose ma ke kaulahao polymer. ʻO kēia hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana hana he ʻano kumu o nā polymers.
Ke Kaumaha Molekala Kiʻekiʻe: Aia nā molekala cellulose he mau kaukani a miliona mau ʻāpana glucose, e alakaʻi ana i nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea polymer.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho laina o nā ʻāpana glucose i nā kaulahao cellulose e hana i nā kaulahao molekala lōʻihi, e like me ke ʻano o ke kaulahao i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā polymers.
Nā Intermolecular Interactions: Hōʻike nā molekule cellulose i ka pilina hydrogen intermolecular ma waena o nā kaulahao pili, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana ʻana o nā microfibrils a me nā hale macroscopic, e like me nā fiber cellulose.
Mechanical Properties: ʻO ka ikaika mechanical a me ka paʻakikī o ka cellulose, pono no ka paʻa o ka paʻa o nā pā hale mea kanu, pili i kona ʻano polymer. Hoʻomanaʻo kēia mau waiwai i nā mea polymer ʻē aʻe.
Biodegradability: ʻOiai ʻo kona ikaika, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ana e nā cellulases, e hydrolyze i nā loulou glycosidic ma waena o nā ʻāpana glucose, a laila e wāwahi i ka polymer i loko o kāna mau monomers.

Nā noi a me nā mea nui:
ʻO ke ʻano polymer ocelluloseke kākoʻo nei i kāna mau noi like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka pepa a me ka pulp, textiles, pharmaceuticals, a me ka ikehu hou. Manaʻo ʻia nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka cellulose no ko lākou nui, biodegradability, renewability, a me versatility, e lilo ai lākou i mea nui i ka nohona hou.

ʻO ka cellulose ke kūpono ma ke ʻano he polymer ma muli o kona ʻano molekala, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻāpana glucose hou i hoʻopili ʻia e nā paʻa glycosidic β(1→4), e hopena i nā kaulahao lōʻihi me nā paona molekala kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ʻia kona ʻano polymer i nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kaulahao molekala lōʻihi, nā pilina intermolecular, nā waiwai mechanical, a me ka biodegradability. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka cellulose ma ke ʻano he polymer no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau noi lehulehu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona hiki i nā ʻenehana a me nā mea waiwai.