Kev paub txog tshuaj lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau, cellulose thiab cellulose ether

Fiber ntau:

Fiber ntau, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm chemistry thiab cov ntaub ntawv science, yog hais txog ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yam ntxwv los ntawm lawv ntev, thread-zoo li qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm cov polymers, uas yog cov molecules loj ua los ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab hu ua monomers. Fibers tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws, thiab lawv pom dav siv hauv ntau yam lag luam xws li textiles, composites, thiab biomedicine.

Ntuj fibers yog muab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, los yog minerals. Piv txwv li paj rwb, ntaub plaub, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, thiab asbestos. Synthetic fibers, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li polymerization. Nylon, polyester, thiab acrylic yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers.

Hauv thaj tsam ntawm chemistry, lo lus "fiber" feem ntau yog hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom es tsis yog nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Fibers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv qhov sib piv siab, txhais tau tias lawv ntev dua li qhov dav. Qhov no elongated qauv imparts zog xws li lub zog, yooj, thiab durability rau cov khoom, ua fibers tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv xws li khaub ncaws mus rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.

Cellulose:

Celluloseyog polysaccharide, uas yog ib hom carbohydrate uas tsim los ntawm cov saw ntev ntawm cov piam thaj molecules. Nws yog cov organic polymer ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Chemically, cellulose muaj cov rov qab units ntawm qabzib txuas ua ke los ntawm β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Cov qauv ntawm cellulose yog fibrous heev, nrog rau ib tug neeg cellulose molecules dlhos lawv tus kheej mus rau hauv microfibrils uas ntxiv aggregate rau tsim loj qauv xws li fibers. Cov fibers no muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov nroj tsuag cog, muab lawv rigidity thiab lub zog. Ntxiv nrog rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag, cellulose tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau pom hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab nplej. Tib neeg tsis muaj cov enzymes tsim nyog los rhuav tshem cellulose, yog li nws dhau los ntawm lub plab zom mov loj heev, pab kev zom zaub mov thiab txhawb plab hnyuv.

Cellulose muaj ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam vim nws txoj kev nplua nuj, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab cov khoom tsim nyog xws li biodegradability, biocompatibility, thiab lub zog. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntawv, textiles, tsev cov ntaub ntawv, thiab biofuels.

Cellulose Ether:

Cellulose ethersyog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cellulose los ntawm kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov kev hloov kho no suav nrog kev qhia txog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, xws li hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, lossis carboxymethyl, mus rau hauv cov pob txha cellulose. Cov txiaj ntsig cellulose ethers khaws qee cov yam ntxwv ntawm cellulose thaum nthuav tawm cov khoom tshiab uas tau pom zoo los ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cellulose thiab cellulose ethers nyob hauv lawv cov khoom solubility. Thaum cellulose yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab feem ntau cov organic solvents, cellulose ethers feem ntau yog dej-soluble los yog muaj kev txhim kho solubility nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents. Qhov solubility no ua rau cellulose ethers ntau yam khoom siv nrog ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam xws li tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab kev tsim kho.

Cov piv txwv ntawm cellulose ethers muaj xws li methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), thiab carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Cov tebchaw no yog siv los ua thickeners, binders, stabilizers, thiab film-forming agents nyob rau hauv ntau yam formulations. Piv txwv li, CMC yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus raws li ib tug thickening neeg sawv cev thiab emulsifier, thaum HPC yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj formulations rau kev tswj cov tshuaj tso tawm.

fiber yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv nrog ntev, xov zoo li cov qauv, cellulose yog ib tug natural polymer pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa, thiab cellulose ethers yog chemically modified derivatives ntawm cellulose nrog ntau yam kev siv. Thaum cellulose muab cov qauv txheej txheem rau cov nroj tsuag thiab ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus fiber ntau, cellulose ethers muab kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab nrhiav kev siv ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb.