Cov tshuaj paub cov lus paub lub ntsiab lus thiab sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau, cellulose thiab cellulose ether

Fiber:

Txoj plaub, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm chemistry thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuj ci, hais txog cov chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv ntev, xov zoo li cov qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov polymers, uas yog cov lwg me me ua los ntawm kev rov ua cov chav kawm rov qab hu ua monomers. Cov fibers tuaj yeem yog ntuj los sis hluavtaws, thiab lawv pom muaj kev siv thoob plaws hauv ntau yam kev lag luam suav nrog cov textiles, sib xyaw, thiab biomedicine.

Ntuj fibers yog muab tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj, lossis cov zaub mov. Piv txwv li cov paj rwb, cov ntaub plaub, cov kab mob ntov, thiab asbestos. Cov hluavtaws hluavtaws, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj pov tshuaj nrog cov txheej txheem zoo li polymerization. Nylon, polyester, thiab acrylic yog cov piv txwv uas muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom hluavtaws.

Hauv lub neej ntawm chemistry, lo lus "fiber" feem ntau yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov fibers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov piv txwv siab, lub ntsiab lus lawv tau ntev ntev dua li lawv yog dav. Tus qauv elongated no immarts cov khoom xws li muaj zog, yoog raws, thiab kav ntev rau ntau yam cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw.

Cellulose:

CelluloseYog polysaccharide, uas yog hom carbohydrate muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov saw ntev ntawm cov piam thaj alolecules. Nws yog qhov ntau tshaj organic polymer hauv ntiaj teb thiab ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes. Chemically, cellulose muaj cov kev rov ua dua cov piam thaj glucose sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Cov qauv ntawm cellulose yog fibrous heev, nrog cov neeg cellulose molecules ua ke rau lawv tus kheej mus rau hauv cov microfibroob uas tau sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov qauv loj xws li cov neeg. Cov fibers muab cov qauv kev txhawb nqa kom cog cov hlwb, muab cov teeb meem thiab lub zog. Ntxiv rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag, cellulose kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus fiber ntau pom hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab nplej. Tib neeg tsis muaj cov enzymes uas tsim nyog los tsoo cellulose, yog li nws hla lub plab zom mov, pab daws hauv plab zom mov thiab txhawb nqa hnyuv.

Cellulose muaj ntau cov ntawv thov muaj kev lag luam vim nws cov kev muaj ntau yam ntxiv, qhov hloov tau zoo dua qub xws li biodegradity, thiab lub zog. Nws yog ib feem siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntau lawm, textiles, cov ntaub ntawv tsev, thiab biofuels.

Cellulose ether:

Neeg muaj neeg ua haujlwmyog ib pab pawg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cellulose los ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg. Cov kev hloov pauv no koom nrog cov lus qhia txog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, xws li hydroxyethyl, hydroxyprropyl, lossis carboxymethyl, mus rau cellulose cooj. Lub txiaj ntsig ntawm cellulose khaws qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cellulose thaum nthuav tawm cov khoom tshiab tau muab los ntawm cov pab pawg ntxiv.

Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cellulose thiab cellulose cov neeg muaj kev pab nyob hauv lawv cov khoom siv solubility. Thaum cellulose yog insoluble hauv dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cellulose feem ntau yog cov dej-soluble los yog kev nthuav dav txhim kho kev txhim kho solubility hauv cov kuab tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab. Qhov solubility no ua rau cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cellulose ntau ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev lag luam xws li cov tshuaj, zaub mov, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab kev tsim kho.

Cov piv txwv ntawm cellulose muaj kev hais ua methyl suav nrog methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), thiab cloboxymethyl cellulose (cmc). Cov tebchaw no yog siv ua cov thickeners, khi, stabilizers, thiab zaj duab xis-ua cov neeg sawv cev hauv ntau yam qauv. Piv txwv li, CMC tau siv dav hauv cov khoom noj khoom noj ua ib qho tuab neeg sawv cev thiab emulsifier, thaum HPC tau ua haujlwm hauv tshuaj tso tawm.

Fiber ceeb yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv ntev, xov zoo li cov qauv, thiab cov neeg muaj kev pab cuam ntawm cellulose tau hloov kho ntawm cov ntawv thov cellulose. Thaum lub cellulose muab cov qauv tsim qauv rau cov nroj tsuag thiab ua haujlwm ua kom cov kev noj haus huv si solubility thiab nrhiav kev siv hauv ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom ntiag tug.