Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether yog ib lo lus dav dav rau cov khoom lag luam uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkali cellulose thiab tus sawv cev rau qee yam. Alkali cellulose yog hloov los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv kom tau txais cov kws muaj kev sib txawv cellulose. Raws li Ionization cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tuaj lwm tus neeg cellulose tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ionic (xws li methyl cellulose). Raws li hom hloov chaw, ether ether tuaj yeem faib ua monether (xws li hydrothpropyl methyl cellulose). Raws li txawvfility solubility, nws tuaj yeem faib ua dej-solible (xws li cellulose cellulose (xws li cellulle cellulose, thiab dej-soluble cellulose yog Faib rau hauv cov hom tseem ceeb thiab qhov muag tau kho kom tsawg dua.
Lub tshuab ntawm kev ua ntawm cellulose ether hauv cug tshuaj yog raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Tom qab lub cellulose ether nyob rau hauv lub cug kab tshuaj yog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj qab zib, thiab cov cellulose ether, raws li kev tiv thaiv etoid, "wraps" cov khoom Hais thiab txheej txheej ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab lub raj yog tsim ntawm nws sab nraud, uas ua rau cov tshuaj cug dua, thiab tseem kho tau lub fluab ntawm lub cug kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov kev tsim kho hniav.
(2) Vim nws tus kheej cov qauv molecular, lub cellulose cov tshuaj ua kom yooj yim kom tsis yooj yim rau lub sijhawm ntev, ua kom huv cov tshuaj khib nyiab nrog cov dej zoo thiab ua haujlwm.
1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Tom qab lub r rwb rwb yog kho nrog alkali, cellulose ether yog tsim los ntawm cov kev tawm tsam nrog methane chloride li etherification tus neeg sawv cev. Feem ntau, cov qib degree hloov tau yog 1.6 ~ 2.0, thiab solubility kuj txawv degrees ntawm kev hloov pauv sib txawv. Nws zwm rau cov tsis muaj ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose yog soluble hauv dej txias, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj ntawm PH = 3 ~ 12. Nws muaj qhov sib xyaw zoo nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov pos hniav guar, thiab lwm yam thiab ntau surfactants. Thaum qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog qhov gelation kub, gelation tshwm sim.
(2) Cov dej tuav tseg ntawm methyl cellulose yog nyob ntawm nws cov nyiaj ntxiv, viscosity, particle txaus thiab ua kom kawg. Feem ntau, yog tias qhov nyiaj ntxiv yog qhov loj, lub fineness yog me me, thiab viscosity yog qhov loj, dej khaws cia siab dua yog siab. Ntawm lawv, tus nqi ntawm kev ntxiv yog qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau cov dej khaws nyiaj khaws cia, thiab theem viscosity tsis ncaj qha rau cov qib dej khaws nyiaj khaws cia. Qhov kev sib cais feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov qib ntawm kev hloov kho saum npoo ntawm cov cellulose thiab particle txaus. Ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellulose saum toj no, methyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl cellulose muaj cov dej rov qab ua haujlwm dua.
(3) Kev hloov pauv qhov kub yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej tuav ntawm tus nqi methyl ntawm methyl polulose. Feem ntau, qhov ntsuas kub siab dua, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej khaws cia. Yog tias cug cug Kub tshaj 40 ° C, cov dej tuav tseg ntawm methyl cellulose yuav raug txo qis, muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuaj khib.
(4) Methyl cellulose muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho thiab nplaum ntawm cug. Qhov "adhesion" ntawm no yog hais txog lub zog nplaum tau hnov ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm cov cuab tam thiab phab ntsa substrate, uas yog, cov shear tiv thaiv ntawm lub cug. Cov nplaum yog qhov siab, cov shear tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog loj, thiab lub zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog loj, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuaj khib yog neeg pluag. Methyl cellulose adhesion yog nyob rau theem qib hauv cellulose ether.
2. HydroxyprropylardMetylcelleculose (HPMC)
HydroxyPropyyl methylulose yog lub cellulose ntau nws cov zis thiab noj tau nce zuj zus nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Nws yog ib qho tsis-ionic cellulose sib xyaw ither ua los ntawm cov paj rwb tom qab kev sib dhos thiab methylene oxide thiab methyl chloride, los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw. Qib degree hloov chaw yog feem ntau 1.2 ~ 2.0. Nws cov khoom sib txawv vim qhov sib piv sib txawv ntawm methoxyl cov ntsiab lus thiab hydroxypropropsyl cov ntsiab lus.
(1) HydroxyPropropy yog methylcellulose yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej txias, thiab nws yuav ntsib teeb meem hauv cov dej kub. Tab sis nws gelation kub hauv dej kub yog qhov siab dua li ntawm methyl cellulose. Lub solubility hauv dej txias kuj tseem txhim kho piv nrog methyl cellulose.
(2) Lub viscosity ntawm hydroxypropyf methylcellulose muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov molecular hnyav, thiab qhov loj dua cov molecular hnyav, ntau dua viscosity. Qhov kub kuj cuam tshuam rau nws cov viscosity, raws li kub nce ntxiv, viscosity txo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov viscosity siab muaj qhov kub tsawg dua li methyl cellulose. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem yog ruaj khov thaum khaws cia ntawm chav tsev kub.
(3) Cov dej ua kom muaj zog ntawm hydroxypropylulose nyob ntawm nws tus nqi ntxiv, thiab nws cov dej khaws cia nyob rau hauv tib tus nqi yog siab dua li ntawm methyl cellulose.
(4) HydroxyPropyyl methylulose yog ruaj khov rau kua qaub thiab alkali, thiab nws cov kua aqueous yog qhov ruaj khov heev hauv cov ph = 2 ~ 12. Caustic dej qab zib thiab kua qaub muaj cov nyhuv me me rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo, tab sis alkali tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov kev sib cais thiab nce siab txog nws viscosity. HydroxyPropyyl methylulose yog ruaj khov rau cov ntsev ua kom zoo, tab sis thaum lub hom phiaj ntawm hydroxypropen methylropylulose kev daws teeb meem.
(5) HydroxyPropropy Metylcellulose tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov dej-soluble polymer sib txuas ua ke los ua cov khaub ncaws hnav thiab siab dua homphosity. Xws li cov dej cawv polyvinyl, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether, zaub cov pos hniav, thiab lwm yam.
(6) HydroxyPropyyl methylcelulose muaj cov enzyme tsis tshua zoo dua li methylcellose, thiab nws cov kev daws teeb meem tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov enzymes dua methylculose.
(7) cov nplaum ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose rau tshuaj tshuaj kho yog siab tshaj li methylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov paj rwb reched kho nrog alkali, thiab siv nrog ethylene oxide raws li etherification tus neeg sawv cev hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acetone. Qib kawm ntawv hloov chaw yog feem ntau 1.5 ~ 2.0. Muaj muaj zog hydrophilicity thiab yog yooj yim los nqus noo noo
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yog soluble hauv dej txias, tab sis nws yog qhov nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej kub. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem yog ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab tsis muaj kev sib cav. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ntev nyob rau hauv lub siab ntev nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj khib, tab sis nws cov dej khaws cia yog qis dua ntawm methyl cellulose.
(2) hydroxyethyl cellulose yog ruaj khov rau dav dav acid thiab alkali. Alkali tuaj yeem nrawm nws qhov kev sib cais thiab ua kom nce me ntsis nws viscosity. Nws qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg hauv dej yog ib qho tsis zoo me ntsis dua li methyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Cov.
(3) hydroxyethyl cellulose muaj qhov zoo anti-sag kev ua haujlwm rau tshuaj khib, tab sis nws muaj sijhawm retarding ntev dua rau cov cement.
(4) Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm hydroxyethyl cellulose cellulose tau ua los ntawm qee cov lag luam hauv tsev nyob yog qhov qis dua ntawm methyl cellulose vim nws cov ntsiab lus hauv dej siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tshauv.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether yog tsim los ntawm ntuj fibers (rwb, thiab lwm yam) Tom qab kev kho mob Alkali, thiab tab tom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov degree ntawm kev hloov pauv yog feem ntau 0.4 ~ 1.4, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kawm qib siab.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose yog hygroscopic, thiab nws yuav muaj ntau cov dej ntxiv thaum khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej dav dav.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous kua aqueous yuav tsis tsim gel, thiab lub viscosity yuav poob nrog qhov ntsuas kub. Thaum qhov kub tshaj 50 ° C, lub viscosity yog irreversible.
(3) Nws cov ruaj khov yog cuam tshuam ntau heev los ntawm Ph. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv gypsum-raws cug, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv cov cement-raws cug. Thaum alkaline heev, nws loses viscosity.
(4) Nws cov dej khaws cia yog qhov qis dua ntawm methyl cellulose. Nws muaj cov nyhuv retarding rau gypsum-raws li coll thiab txo nws lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose yog qhov qis dua li ntawm methyl cellulose.
Recispersible polymer roj hmab hmoov
Cov roj hmab recispersible roj hmab hmoov yog ua tiav los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav ntawm cov polymer tshwj xeeb emulsion. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev ua, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, anti-cog neeg sawv cev, thiab lwm yam. Ua cov quav tsis tau. Cov roj hmab qhuav yog qee qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm 80 ~ 100mm tau sib sau ua ke. Cov lus no yog soluble hauv dej thiab tsim ib qho ruaj khov me ntsis loj dua li cov khoom emulsion qub. Qhov kev sib cais no yuav ua ib zaj duab xis tom qab lub cev qhuav dej thiab ziab. Zaj duab xis no yog ua tsis tau raws li cov yeeb yaj kiab emulsion dav dav, thiab yuav tsis redisperse thaum nws ntsib dej. Kev faib tawm.
Cov roj hmab recispersible tuaj yeem muab faib ua: styrene-butadiene copolymer, silicone acidor acid copolymer, silicone, ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam kis tau. Kev ntsuas kev hloov kho txawv ua rau cov roj hmab recispersible roj hmab muaj ntau yam li dej tsis kam, huab cua tsis kam thiab hloov tau. Muaj cov yas nkauj muag thiab silicone, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj hmab hmoov muaj cov khoom siv hydrophicity zoo. Heev branly vinyl tertiary carbonate nrog tus nqi tg muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg thiab kev hloov pauv tau zoo.
Thaum cov hmoov roj hmab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshuaj khib, lawv txhua tus muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov cement, tab sis cov nyhuv qeeb dua li cov ntawv thov ncaj qha ntawm cov emulsions zoo sib xws. Hauv kev sib piv, styrene-butadiene muaj qhov loj tshaj retarding nyhuv, thiab ethylene-vinyl acetate muaj cov nyhuv retardate me me. Yog tias cov tshuaj tsawg heev, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cultaw tsis pom tseeb.
Polypropylene Fibers
Polypropylene fiber yog ua los ntawm polypropylene li cov khoom siv raw thiab tsim nyog muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov pa roj zog cov cheeb tsam feem ntau yog li 40 microns, lub zog tensile yog 300MPA, Elastic Modulus yog ≥3500Mpa, thiab Elongation Qhov kawg yog 15 ~ 18%. Nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo:
(1) polypropylene fibers yog uniformly faib ua peb-seem random cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj khib, ua kev cuam tshuam lub zog ua haujlwm. Yog tias 1 kg ntawm polypropylene fiber ntau ntxiv rau txhua tuj ntawm collple, ntau dua 30 lab monofilament fibers tuaj yeem tau txais.
(2) Ntxiv polypropylene fiber ntau rau cug tshuaj yuav txo qis cov shrinkage cracks ntawm lub tshuaj khib hauv lub xeev. Seb cov kab nrib pleb no pom los yog tsis tau. Thiab nws tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav saum npoo av thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cug tshiab.
(3) Rau lub tshuaj khib siab tau lub cev, polypropylene fiber muaj peev xwm txo qis tus naj npawb ntawm deformation nrum. Ntawd yog, thaum lub cug lub zog ua kom tawv nqaij tsim kev ntxhov siab vim muaj deformation, nws tuaj yeem tawm thiab xa cov kev ntxhov siab. Thaum lub tshuaj khib taub lub cev tawg, nws tuaj yeem hla cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov taub ntawm cov nrib pleb thiab txwv qhov kev nthuav dav.
(4) Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm polypropylene fibers nyob rau hauv coll ntau lawm yuav ua ib qho teeb meem nyuaj. Nws cov cuab yeej siv, fiber ntau hom thiab kev siv tshuaj ntxuav, tshuaj khib, thiab nws cov txheej txheem tsis zoo yuav cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais.
Huab cua Entraining Tus Neeg Sawv Cev
Cua-Entraining tus neeg sawv cev yog ib hom surfactant uas tuaj yeem tsim cov pa npuas ruaj khov hauv cov pob zeb ua kom huv lossis tshuaj khib. Mas suav nrog: rosin thiab nws cov thermal polymers, tsis-ionic surfactants, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, carboxylic acids thiab lawv cov ntsev, thiab lwm yam.
Huab Cua-Entraining cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau yog siv los npaj plastering mortars thiab Masonry Mortars. Vim muaj kev sib ntxiv ntawm huab cua-Entraining tus neeg sawv cev, qee qhov hloov pauv ntawm kab tshuaj khib kev ua haujlwm yuav coj mus txog.
(1) Vim cov lus qhia ntawm cov pa npuas, qhov yooj yim thiab cov tshuaj khib freshly tuaj yeem nce, thiab los ntshav tuaj yeem txo qis.
(2) tsuas yog siv huab cua-Entraining tus neeg sawv cev yuav txo lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm cov pwm nyob hauv lub cug. Yog hais tias huab cua-entraining tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tus neeg sawv cev dej-tus neeg sawv cev siv ua ke, thiab tus piv txwv tsim nyog, lub zog muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsis txo qis.
(3) Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub voj voog ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab nyuaj, txhim kho qhov tsis raug ntawm lub tshuaj khib, thiab txhim kho cov yaig tsis kam ntawm cov khib nyiab tawv.
(4) Tus neeg saib xyuas huab cua yuav ua kom cov huab cua ntawm lub tshuaj khib, thiab tus nqi shrinkage tuaj yeem raug txo qis los ntawm kev ntxiv cov dej ntws tsawg.
Txij li cov neeg sawv cev huab cua uas muaj huab cua ntxiv, feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau ob peb lub ntsuas tshuaj xis, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom raug zoo thiab sib xyaw hauv lub sijhawm tshuaj khib; Yam khoom xws li kev siv txoj kev zawm hniav thiab lub sijhawm cuam tshuam yuav cuam tshuam rau cov huab cua-enraining tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua lag luam hauv tuam tsev tam sim no thiab kev tsim kho, ntxiv cua-entraining cov neeg sawv cev rau lub tshuaj khib yuav tsum tau sim ua haujlwm ntau.
Thaum Ntxov muaj zog tus neeg sawv cev
Siv los txhim kho lub zog thaum ua vaj tse thaum muaj cov pob zeb ua kom huv, tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv thaum ntxov, sulium thiosulate, txhuas sulfate, txhuas sulfate thiab poov tshuaj aluminium sulfate.
Feem ntau, anhydrous sodium sulfate yog siv dav, thiab nws yuav ua rau muaj zog thiab tawg rau tib lub sijhawm, alkali rov qab yuav tshwm sim, uas yuav cuam tshuam cov tsos thiab cov nyhuv ntawm cov kho kom zoo nkauj txheej.
Calcium tsim tseem yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau tus neeg sawv cev. Nws muaj lub zog thaum ntxov ntxov, muaj kev phiv ntau dua nrog rau lwm qhov admixtures, thiab ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li sulfate lub zog ntxov, tab sis tus nqi siab dua.
dej ntsuab
Yog tias cov tshuaj khib yog siv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog tias tsis muaj kev tawm tsam kev ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam tau tshwm sim, yuav muaj zog thiab lub zog ntawm lub cev tawv yuav raug rhuav tshem. Cov kab mob ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm ob txoj hauv kev ntawm khov thiab txhim kho lub zog thaum ntxov cug.
Ntawm cov neeg nquag siv cov tshuaj pleev cov tshuaj pleev cov tshuaj pleev cov antifrrasplaws cov neeg sawv cev, calcium nitrite thiab sodium nitrite muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Vim tias calcium nitrite tsis muaj cov poov tshuaj thiab sodium ions, nws tuaj yeem txo cov khoom sib xyaw, thaum siv cov roj ntsha, thaum sodium nitrite muaj cov haujlwm zoo dua. Cov tshuaj antifleas yog siv ua ke nrog thaum ntxov lub zog tus neeg sawv cev thiab Reducer kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Thaum cov kab sib tov qhuav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab yees siv tau siv ntawm ultra-qes tsis zoo qhov kub, ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv, xws li sib xyaw nrog dej sov.
Yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau, nws yuav txo lub zog ntawm cov kab tsuag tom qab no, thiab cov kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tsos thiab cov nyhuv ntawm cov xim kho kom zoo nkauj txheej Cov.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jan-16-2023