Hauv kev sim thiab kev tsim khoom loj ntawm nifedipine sustained-tso ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov ntsiav tshuaj mob plab, ntsiav tshuaj ferrous fumarate, buflomedil hydrochloride ntsiav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam, peb siv.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)kua, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thiab polyacrylic acid resin kua, Opadry (muab los ntawm Colorcon, UK), thiab lwm yam. yog zaj duab xis txheej kua, uas tau ntse siv zaj duab xis txheej tshuab, tab sis tau ntsib teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev sim ntau lawm thiab ntau lawm. Tom qab qee qhov teeb meem kev lag luam, tam sim no peb tab tom tham nrog cov npoj yaig txog cov teeb meem tshwm sim thiab cov kev daws teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem txheej zaj duab xis.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, zaj duab xis txheej tshuab tau siv dav hauv kev npaj khoom. Cov zaj duab xis txheej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los ntawm lub teeb, noo noo thiab huab cua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj; npog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj thiab pab txhawb tus neeg mob kom coj nws; tswj qhov chaw tso tawm thiab tso tawm ceev ntawm cov tshuaj; tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj; txhim kho cov tsos ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj Tos. Nws kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsawg dua, lub sijhawm luv dua, kev siv lub zog qis dua, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj hnyav nce ntxiv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj-coated zaj duab xis mas yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab zoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj core, daim ntawv sau npe ntawm cov kua txheej txheej, txheej txheej kev ua haujlwm, ntim thiab khaws cia, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. nyob rau hauv cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj core, ntau yam excipients thiab cov tsos, hardness, brittle pieces, thiab ntsiav tshuaj zoo li cov ntsiav tshuaj core. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kua txheej feem ntau muaj cov molecular polymers siab, plasticizers, dyes, cov kuab tshuaj, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm cov txheej yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag thiab ziab thiab cov khoom siv txheej txheej.
1.One-sided abrasion, zaj duab xis ntug tawg thiab tev
Lub hardness ntawm qhov saum npoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, thiab nws yooj yim raug rau kev sib txhuam thiab kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheej, thiab ib sab hmoov los yog cov khoom poob, uas ua rau pockmarks los yog pores ntawm qhov chaw. cov ntsiav tshuaj tseem ceeb, uas yog ib sab hnav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog engraved Marked zaj duab xis. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis-coated ntsiav tshuaj yog cov ces kaum. Thaum lub adhesion los yog lub zog ntawm zaj duab xis yog tsis txaus, tawg thiab tev ntawm cov npoo ntawm zaj duab xis yuav tshwm sim. Qhov no yog vim lub volatilization ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ua rau cov zaj duab xis shrinkage, thiab ntau heev expansion ntawm lub txheej zaj duab xis thiab cov tub ntxhais tsub kom lub internal kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov zaj duab xis, uas tshaj lub tensile lub zog ntawm txheej zaj duab xis.
1.1 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Raws li kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais chips, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais chips tsis zoo, thiab hardness thiab brittleness me me. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheej txheej, cov ntsiav tshuaj cov tub ntxhais yuav raug kev sib txhuam muaj zog thaum dov hauv lub lauj kaub txheej, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv xws li lub zog tsis muaj zog txaus, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab kev npaj ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj core. Thaum peb ntim cov nifedipine sustained-tso ntsiav tshuaj, vim lub hardness me me ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj core, hmoov tshwm nyob rau ntawm ib sab, ua rau lub qhov hws, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj zaj duab xis-coated zaj duab xis tsis du thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, txheej txheej no kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntsiav tshuaj hom. Yog tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis xis nyob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj lub logo ntawm lub kaus mom, nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau hnav ib sab.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheej, cov tshuaj tsuag qeeb dhau lawm thiab cov huab cua loj lossis cov cua nkag siab kub yuav ua rau kom qhuav nrawm, qeeb zaj duab xis tsim ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj cores, lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj cores hauv lub lauj kaub txheej, thiab lub sijhawm hnav ntev. Qhov thib ob, lub siab atomization yog loj, lub viscosity ntawm cov kua txheej yog tsawg, cov tee nyob rau hauv lub atomization chaw yog concentrated, thiab cov kuab tshuaj volatilizes tom qab cov tee dej kis tau, ua rau ib tug loj nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw ib sab kuj ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab ua kom cov yeeb yaj kiab nrawm. Cov npoo tawg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias qhov kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub lauj kaub txheej nrawm dhau los yog qhov chaw baffle tsis tsim nyog, kev sib txhuam quab yuam ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj yuav loj, yog li cov kua txheej txheej yuav tsis kis tau zoo, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim yuav qeeb, uas. yuav ua rau hnav ib sab.
Los ntawm cov kua txheej txheej, nws yog vim qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov polymer hauv kev tsim thiab cov viscosity tsawg (concentration) ntawm cov kua txheej, thiab cov adhesion tsis zoo ntawm cov zaj duab xis txheej thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj core.
1.2 Kev daws teeb meem
Ib qho yog los kho cov tshuaj lossis cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los txhim kho lub hardness ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj core. HPMC yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv txheej txheej. Lub adhesion ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj excipients yog muaj feem xyuam rau cov hydroxyl pawg ntawm cov excipient molecules, thiab cov hydroxyl pawg tsim hydrogen bonds nrog rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm HPMC los tsim adhesion ntau dua; Lub adhesion tsis muaj zog, thiab ib sab thiab txheej zaj duab xis nyiam sib cais. Tus naj npawb ntawm hydroxyl pawg ntawm cov saw molecular ntawm microcrystalline cellulose yog siab, thiab nws muaj cov nplaum nplaum, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj npaj los ntawm lactose thiab lwm cov suab thaj muaj cov nplaum nplaum. Kev siv cov roj nplua nyeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov roj nplua nyeem hydrophobic xws li stearic acid, magnesium stearate, thiab glyceryl stearate, yuav txo cov hydrogen bonding ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab cov polymer hauv cov txheej txheej, ua rau adhesion ntawm lub zog txo, thiab nrog rau kev nce ntawm lubricity, lub zog adhesion maj mam tsis muaj zog. Feem ntau, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem, ntau qhov adhesion tsis muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev xaiv cov ntsiav tshuaj hom, cov ntsiav tshuaj puag ncig biconvex yuav tsum tau siv kom deb li deb tau rau txheej txheej, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm txheej txheej.
Qhov thib ob yog los kho cov tshuaj ntawm cov kua txheej txheej, ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua txheej txheej los yog cov viscosity ntawm cov kua txheej txheej, thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab adhesion ntawm txheej zaj duab xis, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los daws qhov teeb meem. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus hauv cov txheej txheem aqueous yog 12%, thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv cov organic hnyav yog 5% mus rau 8%.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm viscosity ntawm cov kua txheej txheej cuam tshuam rau qhov nrawm thiab qib ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua txheej rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj. Thaum muaj me me los yog tsis muaj kev nkag mus, qhov adhesion tsawg heev. Lub viscosity ntawm cov kua txheej thiab cov khoom ntawm cov zaj duab xis txheej yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm cov polymer hauv kev tsim. Qhov siab dua qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav, ntau dua qhov hardness ntawm txheej zaj duab xis, qhov elasticity tsawg thiab hnav tsis kam. Piv txwv li, HPMC muaj cov khoom lag luam muaj cov qib viscosity sib txawv rau kev xaiv vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav nruab nrab molecular. Ntxiv nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov polymer, ntxiv cov yas los yog ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm talc tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm zaj duab xis ntug tawg, tab sis ntxiv cov xim hlau oxide thiab titanium dioxide kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm txheej zaj duab xis, yog li nws yuav tsum yog. siv nyob rau hauv moderation.
Thib peb, hauv kev ua haujlwm txheej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm nrawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub txheej txheej yog thawj zaug, cov tshuaj txau yuav tsum nrawm dua me ntsis, yog li cov ntsiav tshuaj tseem ceeb tau them nrog txheej txheej ntawm zaj duab xis nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, uas. plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov ntsiav tshuaj core. Ntxiv cov tshuaj tsuag tuaj yeem txo qhov kub ntawm lub txaj, evaporation tus nqi thiab zaj duab xis kub, txo qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, thiab kuj txo qhov xwm txheej ntawm zaj duab xis tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kho qhov kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub lauj kaub txheej mus rau lub xeev zoo tshaj plaws, thiab teeb tsa lub baffle kom txo tau kev sib txhuam thiab hnav.
2.Adhesion thiab blistering
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm txheej, thaum lub cohesion ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob lub hlaws yog ntau dua li cov molecular sib cais quab yuam, ob peb daim (ntau yam) yuav luv luv daim ntawv cog lus thiab ces sib cais. Thaum qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag thiab ziab tsis zoo, cov zaj duab xis ntub dej heev, zaj duab xis yuav lo rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub lauj kaub los yog lo rau ib leeg, tab sis kuj ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab tawg ntawm qhov chaw adhesion; Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsuag, thaum cov tee dej tsis qhuav tag, cov tee dej tsis tawg yuav nyob rau hauv lub zos txheej zaj duab xis, muaj cov npuas me me, ua npuas txheej txheej, kom cov ntawv txheej txheej tshwm npuas.
2.1 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Qhov ntau thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog vim cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag thiab ziab. Kev txau nrawm nrawm dhau los yog qhov ntim ntawm cov roj atomized loj dhau. Kev ziab kom qhuav qeeb qeeb vim yog qhov tsis tshua muaj cua inlet ntim lossis cua txias inlet kub thiab qhov kub ntawm daim ntawv txaj. Daim ntawv tsis qhuav txheej los ntawm txheej hauv lub sijhawm thiab adhesions lossis npuas tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag lub kaum sab xis lossis qhov nrug deb, lub khob hliav qab tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag me me, thiab cov kua txheej txheej yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw, ua rau hauv zos ntub dej, ua rau adhesion. Muaj qeeb ceev txheej lauj kaub, centrifugal quab yuam me dhau, zaj duab xis dov tsis zoo yuav ua rau adhesion.
Txheej kua viscosity loj dhau, kuj yog ib qho laj thawj. Cov khaub ncaws ua kua viscosity yog qhov loj, yooj yim los tsim cov pos huab loj dua, nws lub peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas yog qhov tsis zoo, ntau dua ib qho kev sib sau ua ke thiab adhesion, tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntom ntawm zaj duab xis tsis zoo, ntau npuas. Tab sis qhov no tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau rau kev ncua sij hawm adhesions.
Tsis tas li ntawd, hom yeeb yaj kiab tsis tsim nyog kuj yuav tshwm sim adhesion. Yog hais tias lub tiaj tus zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub txheej lauj kaub dov tsis zoo, yuav sib tshooj ua ke, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau ob los yog ntau txheej zaj duab xis. Hauv peb qhov kev sim ntau lawm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj buflomedil hydrochloride, ntau cov khoom sib tshooj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov dej hauv cov txiv ntseej txheej txheej vim yog txheej txheej.
2.2 Kev daws teeb meem
Nws yog tsuas yog kho cov tshuaj tsuag thiab ziab kom qhuav kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug dynamic. Txo cov tshuaj tsuag nrawm, ua kom cov cua nkag hauv qhov ntim thiab cua kub, ua kom lub txaj kub thiab ziab ceev. Ua kom thaj tsam ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag, txo qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag los yog kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm rab phom thiab cov ntaub ntawv txaj, kom qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov adhesion tsis tu ncua txo nrog kev hloov ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm rab phom thiab daim txaj txaj.
Kho cov txheej txheem tshuaj, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem, txo cov kuab tshuaj los yog ua kom cov concentration ntawm ethanol kom tsim nyog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm viscosity; Anti-adhesive kuj tuaj yeem muab ntxiv kom tsim nyog, xws li talcum hmoov, magnesium stearate, silica gel hmoov lossis oxide peptide. Yuav kom txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm lub lauj kaub txheej, ua kom lub centrifugal quab yuam ntawm lub txaj.
Xaiv cov ntawv txheej tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov nplooj ntawv tiaj tus, xws li cov ntsiav tshuaj buflomedil hydrochloride, txheej txheej tau ua tiav tom qab siv lub lauj kaub ua kom zoo lossis los ntawm kev txhim kho cov baffle hauv cov txheej txheej zoo tib yam los txhawb cov yob ntawm daim ntawv.
3.One-sided ntxhib thiab wrinkled daim tawv nqaij
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm txheej, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kua yog tsis zoo kis tau, lub qhuav polymer tsis dispersed, irregular deposition los yog adhesion nyob rau saum npoo ntawm zaj duab xis, ua rau cov xim tsis zoo thiab tsis sib xws. Wrinkled daim tawv nqaij yog ib hom ntxhib saum npoo, yog qhov pom pom pom ntau dhau.
3.1 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Thawj yog cuam tshuam nrog lub chip core. Qhov loj dua qhov pib nto roughness ntawm cov tub ntxhais yog, qhov loj dua qhov roughness ntawm cov khoom coated yuav yog.
Qhov thib ob, nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias qhov hnyav molecular, concentration thiab additives ntawm cov polymer nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem yog muaj feem xyuam rau lub nto roughness ntawm zaj duab xis txheej. Lawv ua los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov viscosity ntawm txheej txheej, thiab roughness ntawm zaj duab xis txheej yog yuav luag linear nrog lub viscosity ntawm txheej txheej, nce nrog nce viscosity. Cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej yuav yooj yim ua rau ib sab coarsening.
Thaum kawg, nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Lub atomization ceev yog tsawg dhau los yog siab dhau (cov nyhuv atomization tsis zoo), uas tsis txaus kom kis tau cov pos huab thiab ua rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib sab. Thiab ntau dhau ntawm cov huab cua qhuav (cov pa tawm ntau dhau) lossis kub dhau, evaporation ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov huab cua ntws loj dhau, tsim eddy tam sim no, kuj ua rau cov tee kis tsis zoo.
3.2 Kev daws teeb meem
Thawj yog los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais, kho cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab txo cov viscosity (concentration) los yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cawv-soluble lossis cawv-2-dej txheej txheej tuaj yeem xaiv tau. Tom qab ntawd kho cov kev ua haujlwm, tsim nyog txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm lub lauj kaub txheej, ua kom cov yeeb yaj kiab yob sib npaug, ua kom muaj kev sib txhuam, txhawb kev sib kis ntawm cov kua txheej. Yog tias lub txaj kub siab, txo qhov nqus cua ntim thiab nqus cua kub. Yog tias muaj cov laj thawj tshuaj tsuag, lub siab atomization yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv kom nrawm nrawm nrawm, thiab cov qib atomization thiab cov tshuaj tsuag ntim yuav tsum tau txhim kho kom cov pos huab tau kis mus rau ntawm daim ntawv, thiaj li tsim cov pos huab nrog me me. nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pos huab loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov txheej txheej kua nrog loj viscosity. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm rab phom txau thiab daim ntawv txaj kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho. Cov phom txau nrog lub taub me me (015 mm ~ 1.2 mm) thiab siab txaus ntawm cov roj atomizing raug xaiv. Cov tshuaj tsuag zoo li hloov mus rau ntau yam ntawm lub khob hliav qab lub kaum sab xis pos huab ntws, kom cov tee dej tau tawg mus rau hauv thaj chaw loj dua.
4. Txheeb xyuas tus choj
4.1 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub ntsej muag ntawm zaj duab xis yog cim lossis cim. Vim tias cov khaub ncaws membrane tshuav qhov tsim nyog cov khoom siv tsis zoo, xws li siab elasticity coefficient, zaj duab xis lub zog tsis zoo, tsis zoo adhesion, thiab lwm yam., nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khaub ncaws membrane kom qhuav tsim siab rub rov qab, los ntawm cov khaub ncaws membrane nto imprinting, membrane retraction thiab bridging tshwm sim, ua. ib sab thais ploj los yog lub logo tsis meej, yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim no nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem dej tshuaj.
4.2 Kev daws teeb meem
Kho cov tshuaj ntawm txheej txheej. Siv cov khoom hnyav molecular polymers lossis siab adhesion zaj duab xis tsim cov ntaub ntawv; Ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj, txo cov viscosity ntawm txheej txheej; Ua kom tus nqi ntawm plasticizer, txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Cov nyhuv plasticizer txawv txawv, polyethylene glycol 200 zoo dua li propylene glycol, glycerin. Kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov nrawm nrawm. Ua kom huab cua nkag mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, nce qhov kub ntawm daim ntawv txaj, kom cov txheej txheej tsim muaj zog, tab sis tiv thaiv ntug kev tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev tsim cov cim tuag, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov dav ntawm lub kaum sab xis txiav thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus zoo, kom deb li deb tau los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus choj phenomenon.
5. Khaub ncaws membrane chromatism
5.1 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Hauv ntau cov txheej txheem txheej txheej muaj cov xim lossis cov xim uas raug tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheej thiab vim yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov xim tsis sib xws thiab xim sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm cov hlais lossis hauv ntau qhov sib txawv. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov ceev ntawm lub lauj kaub txheej yog qeeb dhau los yog qhov sib xyaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab cov nyhuv txheej txheej tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm txheej txheej; Lub concentration ntawm cov xim los yog xim nyob rau hauv cov xim txheej yog siab dhau los yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom yog siab dhau lawm, los yog cov tshuaj tsuag ceev ntawm cov kua txheej yog ceev heev, lub txaj kub yog siab dhau lawm, kom cov xim txheej ua kua tsis dov. tawm hauv lub sijhawm; Adhesion ntawm zaj duab xis kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim; Cov duab ntawm cov khoom tsis haum, xws li daim ntev ntev, cov tshuaj capsule zoo li daim, vim yog dov li puag ncig daim, kuj yuav ua rau xim txawv.
5.2 Kev daws teeb meem
Ua kom ceev ntawm lub lauj kaub txheej los yog tus naj npawb ntawm baffle, kho rau lub xeev tsim nyog, kom cov ntawv hauv lub lauj kaub sib npaug. Txo cov txheej txheej ua kua txau nrawm, txo lub txaj kub. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau tshuaj ntawm cov xim txheej xim, cov tshuaj ntau npaum los yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim los yog cov xim yuav tsum raug txo, thiab cov xim uas muaj zog npog yuav tsum raug xaiv. Cov xim los yog xim yuav tsum yog me me thiab cov khoom yuav tsum me me. Dej insoluble dyes zoo dua li dej soluble dyes, dej insoluble dyes tsis migrate nrog dej yooj yim li dej soluble dyes, thiab shading, stability thiab nyob rau hauv txo cov dej vapor, oxidation ntawm permeability ntawm zaj duab xis kuj zoo dua li dej soluble dyes. Kuj xaiv hom khoom tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm txheej txheej zaj duab xis, feem ntau muaj ntau yam teeb meem, tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, cov yam tseem ceeb muaj ntau, tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev txhim kho cov tub ntxhais zoo, kho cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm, kom ua tiav daim ntawv thov hloov tau. thiab kev ua haujlwm dialectical. Nrog rau kev paub txog txheej txheej txheej txheem, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheej zaj duab xis, txheej txheej txheej txheem yuav zoo heev, txheej txheej zaj duab xis kuj tseem yuav tau txais kev loj hlob sai hauv kev tsim cov khoom npaj.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-25-2024