Qhuav mortar yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cementitious (cement, ya tshauv, slag hmoov, thiab lwm yam), tshwj xeeb graded nplua aggregates (quartz xuab zeb, corundum, thiab lwm yam., thiab tej zaum yuav tsum sib sib zog nqus aggregates, xws li ceramsite, nthuav polystyrene, thiab lwm yam) granules, nthuav perlite, nthuav dav vermiculite, thiab lwm yam.) thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau ntim rau hauv hnab, thoob lossis muab ntim rau hauv cov hmoov qhuav qhuav.
Raws li daim ntawv thov, muaj ntau yam kev lag luam mortars, xws li qhuav hmoov mortar rau masonry, qhuav hmoov mortar rau plastering, qhuav hmoov mortar rau hauv av, tshwj xeeb qhuav hmoov mortar rau waterproofing, tshav kub preservation thiab lwm yam hom phiaj. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav (masonry, plastering thiab av qhuav-sib xyaw mortar) thiab tshwj xeeb qhuav-sib xyaw mortar. Tshwj xeeb qhuav-siv mortar muaj xws li: tus kheej-leveling pem teb mortar, hnav-resistant pem teb cov ntaub ntawv, non-flammable hnav-resistant pem teb, inorganic caulking agent, waterproof mortar, resin plastering mortar, pob zeb nto tiv thaiv khoom, xim plastering mortar, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li ntau cov mortars qhuav qhuav yuav tsum muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau hom thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev txiav txim kom raug tsim los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim. Piv nrog rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv khib nyiab qhuav tuaj yeem tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov hmoov hmoov, thiab qhov thib ob, lawv tau soluble hauv dej txias, lossis maj mam yaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alkali kom ua tiav lawv cov txiaj ntsig.
1. Thickener, dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev thiab stabilizer
Cellulose Ether Methyl Cellulose (MC), Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)thiabHydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)yog txhua yam ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso polymer cov ntaub ntawv (xws li paj rwb, thiab lwm yam.) Non-ionic cellulose ether tsim los ntawm kev kho tshuaj. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej txias solubility, dej tuav, thickening, cohesiveness, film forming, lubrication, non-ionic thiab pH stability. Cov dej txias solubility ntawm cov khoom zoo li no tau txhim kho zoo heev, thiab cov dej khaws cia muaj peev xwm txhim kho, cov cuab yeej thickening yog pom tseeb, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov cua npuas tau qhia yog me me, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub mortar yog zoo heev.
Cellulose ether tsis tsuas yog muaj ntau hom, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam ntawm qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav thiab viscosity ntawm 5mPa. s rau 200,000 mPa. s, qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj khib hauv cov theem tshiab thiab tom qab hardening kuj txawv. Ntau qhov kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua thaum xaiv qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb. Xaiv cov cellulose ntau yam uas tsim nyog viscosity thiab molecular hnyav ntau, ib qho me me, thiab tsis muaj huab cua nkag. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nws tuaj yeem tau txais tam sim ntawd. Kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj muaj kev lag luam zoo.
2. Redispersible latex hmoov
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov thickener yog los txhim kho cov dej tuav thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj khib. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov mortar los ntawm kev tawg (txo qis cov dej evaporation) mus rau qee qhov, nws feem ntau tsis siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov tawv tawv, tawg tsis kam thiab dej tsis kam ntawm mortar. Kev xyaum ntxiv cov polymers los txhim kho cov impermeability, toughness, tawg tsis kam thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam ntawm mortar thiab pob zeb tau lees paub. Feem ntau siv polymer emulsions rau kev hloov kho ntawm cov cement mortar thiab cement pob zeb muaj xws li: neoprene roj hmab emulsion, styrene-butadiene roj hmab emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine ib nrab roj hmab emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm scientific kev tshawb fawb tsis tau tsuas yog muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov polymers. Kev hloov kho tshuab, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov polymers thiab cov cement, thiab cov khoom siv cement hydration kuj tau kawm theoretically. Ntau qhov kev soj ntsuam tob tob thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim.
Polymer emulsion tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom siv nws ncaj qha hauv kev tsim cov hmoov qhuav mortar, yog li redispersible latex hmoov tau yug los. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj redispersible latex siv nyob rau hauv qhuav hmoov mortar feem ntau suav nrog: ① yas acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② Vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ Acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ Vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer muaj qhov siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm redispersible latex hmoov yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab nws muaj qhov sib piv tsis zoo ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog sib txuas ntawm mortar, txhim kho nws cov tawv nqaij, deformation, tawg tsis kam thiab impermeability, thiab lwm yam. Kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj khib (vim nws cov hydrophobicity), ua rau cov mortar air-permeable thiab impermeable, txhim kho cov huab cua resistant thiab tau txhim kho durability.
Piv nrog rau kev txhim kho lub zog flexural thiab kev sib txuas lub zog ntawm mortar thiab txo nws cov brittleness, cov nyhuv ntawm redispersible latex hmoov rau kev txhim kho cov dej tuav ntawm mortar thiab txhim kho nws cohesion yog txwv. Txij li thaum qhov sib ntxiv ntawm redispersible latex hmoov tuaj yeem tawg thiab ua rau muaj huab cua ntau hauv cov tshuaj khib sib tov, nws cov dej-txo cov nyhuv yog pom tseeb heev. Ntawm chav kawm, vim cov qauv tsis zoo ntawm cov cua npuas tau qhia, cov nyhuv txo dej tsis tau txhim kho lub zog. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj khib yuav maj mam txo nrog qhov nce ntawm cov khoom siv latex redispersible. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib co mortars uas yuav tsum tau xav txog lub compressive thiab flexural zog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv ib tug defoamer nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiaj li yuav txo tau qhov tsis zoo ntawm latex hmoov nyob rau hauv lub compressive zog thiab flexural zog ntawm lub mortar.
3. Defoamer
Vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cellulose, hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether thiab cov khoom siv polymer, cov cuab yeej cua nkag ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog compressive, lub zog flexural thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lub mortar ntawm ib sab, thiab txo nws cov elastic modulus; ntawm qhov tod tes, Nws kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov tsos ntawm cov mortar, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov npuas huab cua qhia hauv mortar. Tam sim no, imported qhuav hmoov defoamers yog siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj los daws qhov teeb meem no, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim lub siab viscosity ntawm cov khoom mortar, tshem tawm ntawm huab cua npuas tsis yog ib txoj hauj lwm yooj yim heev.
4. Anti-sagging tus neeg saib xyuas
Thaum muab cov vuas luaj ceramic, foamed polystyrene boards, thiab siv roj hmab hmoov polystyrene particle rwb thaiv tsev mortar, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog poob. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias ntxiv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin thiab montmorillonite yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm mortar ntog tom qab kev tsim kho. Lub ntsiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm sagging yog ua kom cov thawj shear kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub mortar, uas yog, ua kom nws thixotropy. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, nws tsis yooj yim los xaiv tus neeg sawv cev zoo los tiv thaiv sagging, vim nws yuav tsum tau daws qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm thixotropy, workability, viscosity thiab dej xav tau.
5. Thickener
Lub plastering mortar, pobzeb grout, zoo nkauj xim mortar thiab qhuav-siv mortar siv rau sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub nyias plaster rwb thaiv tsev system yog indispensable rau waterproof los yog dej-repellent muaj nuj nqi, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov hmoov dej-repellent tus neeg saib xyuas, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab no cov yam ntxwv: ① ua lub mortar tag nrho hydrophobic; ② tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw; ③ qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej uas nquag siv hauv kev ua lag luam, xws li calcium stearate, nyuaj rau Kev nrawm nrawm thiab sib xyaw nrog cov cement mortar, nws tsis yog ib qho tsim nyog hydrophobic additive rau qhuav-siv mortar, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv plastering rau kev tsim kho tshuab.
Lub silane-raws li hmoov dej-repellent tus neeg saib xyuas tsis ntev los no tau tsim, uas yog cov hmoov silane-raws li cov khoom tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav silane-coated dej-soluble tiv thaiv colloids thiab anti-caking agents. Thaum cov mortar tov nrog dej, lub plhaub tiv thaiv colloid ntawm cov dej-repellent tus neeg sawv cev dissolves sai sai hauv dej, thiab tso tawm cov encapsulated silane rau redisperse rau hauv cov dej sib tov. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline heev tom qab cov cement hydration, cov hydrophilic organic functional pawg hauv silane yog hydrolyzed los ua cov pab pawg silanol zoo heev, thiab cov pab pawg silanol txuas ntxiv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov hydroxyl pawg hauv cov cement hydration cov khoom los tsim cov tshuaj bonds, kom cov silane txuas ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cement ntawm phab ntsa ruaj khov. Raws li cov hydrophobic organic functional pawg ntsib sab nraud ntawm lub pore phab ntsa, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub pores tau txais hydrophobicity, yog li coj tag nrho cov nyhuv hydrophobic rau mortar.
6. Ubiquitin inhibitors
Erythrothenic alkali yuav cuam tshuam rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov cement-based hniav mortar, uas yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau daws. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, resin-based anti-pantherine additive tau ua tiav tsis ntev los no, uas yog cov hmoov rov ua dua tshiab nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov khoom no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheej txheej, putties, caulks los yog tiav mortar formulations thiab muaj zoo compatibility nrog rau lwm yam additives.
7. Fiber ntau
Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm fiber ntau hauv mortar tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tensile, txhim khu lub toughness, thiab txhim kho qhov tawg tsis kam. Tam sim no, chemical hluavtaws fibers thiab ntoo fibers feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav-mixed mortar. Cov tshuaj hluavtaws fibers, xws li polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab kev hloov kho saum npoo, cov fibers no tsis tsuas yog muaj kev sib cais zoo, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yas tsis kam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis cuam tshuam loj heev. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov ntoo fiber ntau yog me me, thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov nce ntawm cov dej thov rau mortar thaum ntxiv ntoo fiber ntau.
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-26-2024