A na-ejikarị nrapado eke eme ihe na ndụ anyị. Dị ka isi mmalite dị iche iche si kwuo, enwere ike kewaa ya na gluu anụmanụ, gluu akwukwo nri na gluu mineral. Gluu anụmanụ na-agụnye gluu akpụkpọ anụ, ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, shellac, casein gluu, albumin gluu, eriri eriri azụ, wdg; gluu akwukwo nri gụnyere starch, dextrin, rosin, gum arabic, roba eke, wdg; mineral gluu gụnyere mineral wax, asphalt Chere. N'ihi nnukwu isi mmalite ya, ọnụ ala dị ala na nsí dị ala, a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwá ụlọ, nchịkọta akwụkwọ, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na nhazi aka.
starch nrapado
Mgbe nrapado starch abanyela na narị afọ nke 21, ezigbo arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ahụ ga-abụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ihe ọhụrụ ahụ. Starch bụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu, nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, ọnụ ala dị ọnụ ala, ihe na-emebi emebi na gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike imegharị ihe. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Karịsịa n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mmepụta ihe nke ụwa na-emepe emepe na ntụziaka nke ịzọpụta ike, ọnụ ala dị ala, enweghị mmerụ ahụ, nnukwu viscosity na enweghị ihe mgbaze.
Dị ka ụdị ngwaahịa nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nrapado starch adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu na nnukwu nlebara anya na ụlọ ọrụ ntanye. N'ihe gbasara ngwa na mmepe nke starch adhesives, atụmanya nke starch adhesives oxidized site na ọka starch na-ekwe nkwa, na nyocha na ngwa kachasị.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikarị starch dị ka nrapado eme ihe na ngwaahịa akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ, dị ka katọn na katọn akara, labeling, gluing ụgbọ elu, ntinye envelopu, multi-layer bag bonding, wdg.
A na-ewebata ọtụtụ nrapado starch nkịtị n'okpuru:
Ihe nrapado starch oxidized
Gelatinizer nke a kwadebere site na ngwakọta nke starch gbanwetụrụ na obere ogo polymerization nwere otu aldehyde na otu carboxyl na mmiri n'okpuru ọrụ nke oxidant site na kpo oku ma ọ bụ gelatinizing na ụlọ okpomọkụ bụ nrapado starch. Mgbe starch na-ekpo ọkụ, a na-emepụta starch oxidized na mmiri solubility, wettability na adhesiveness.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oxidant dị ntakịrị, ogo nke oxidation ezughị oke, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ site na starch na-ebelata, viscosity nke nrapado na-abawanye, viscosity mbụ na-ebelata, mmiri na-adịghị mma. Ọ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na acidity, nghọta na ọdịnaya hydroxyl nke nrapado.
Site na ịgbatị oge mmeghachi omume, ogo oxidation na-abawanye, ọdịnaya nke otu carboxyl na-abawanye, na viscosity nke ngwaahịa na-ebelata nke nta nke nta, mana nghọta na-akawanye mma.
Ihe nrapado starch emepụtara
Esterified starch adhesives bụ ihe na-adịghị emebi emebi starch adhesives, nke na-enye starch ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche site na esterification mmeghachi omume n'etiti hydroxyl otu nke starch molekul na ihe ndị ọzọ, si otú ahụ na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke starch adhesives. N'ihi na a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu cross-njikọ nke esterified starch, otú The viscosity na-amụba, nchekwa nkwụsi ike ka mma, mmiri-àmà na mgbochi nje Njirimara na-mma, na nrapado oyi akwa nwere ike idi elu na ala na ọzọ edinam.
Nnyapade starch anyadokwa
Ịkwụsị starch bụ iji usoro anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal mee ka agbụ starch na-emepụta ihe na-akpata free radicals, na mgbe ị na-ezute polymer monomers, a na-emepụta mmeghachi omume yinye. A na-emepụta ụdọ akụkụ nke mejupụtara polymer monomers n'agbụ starch isi.
N'iji njirimara nke polyethylene na starch molecules nwere hydroxyl, enwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen n'etiti mmanya polyvinyl na starch molecules, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke "grafting" n'etiti polyvinyl mmanya na starch molecules, nke mere na nrapado starch nwetara nwere ihe ndị ọzọ. Ezi nrapado, fluidity na mgbochi kefriza Njirimara.
N'ihi na starch nrapado bụ eke polymer nrapado, ọ dị ala na ọnụ ahịa, na-adịghị egbu egbu na enweghị mmasị, na ọ dịghị mmetọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ya mere a na-enyocha nke ọma ma tinye ya n'ọrụ. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikarị ihe nrapado starch eme ihe na mpempe akwụkwọ, akwa owu, envelopu, akara, na kaadiboodu.
Cellulose nrapado
Cellulose ether mmepụta eji dị ka adhesives tumadi na-agụnye methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose na ndị ọzọ ethyl cellulose (EC): bụ A thermoplastic, mmiri-adịghị ike ime, nonionic cellulose alkyl ether.
Ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal, nkwụsi ike alkali siri ike, mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik dị mma na rheology igwe, ma nwee njirimara nke ịnọgide na-enwe ike na mgbanwe na elu na obere okpomọkụ. Ọ dị mfe dakọtara na wax, resin, plasticizer, wdg, dị ka akwụkwọ, roba, akpụkpọ anụ, Adhesives maka akwa akwa.
Methyl cellulose (CMC): ionic cellulose ether. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwa, a na-ejikarị CMC dochie starch dị elu dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe maka akwa akwa. Ngwongwo ejiri CMC kpuchiri ya nwere ike ime ka ịdị nro dịkwuo mma ma mee ka ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na ịcha mma dị ukwuu. 'N'ụlọ ọrụ nri, ụdị ice cream dị iche iche agbakwunyere na CMC nwere nkwụsi ike dị mma, dị mfe agba, na ọ dịghị mfe ime ka ọ dị nro. Dị ka nrapado, a na-eji ya eme mkpịsị aka, igbe akwụkwọ, akpa akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ ahụaja na osisi artificial.
Cellulose esterMwepụta: tumadi nitrocellulose na cellulose acetate. Nitrocellulose: A makwaara dị ka cellulose nitrate, nitrogen ọdịnaya ya na-adịkarị n'etiti 10% na 14% n'ihi ogo dị iche iche nke esterification.
Ọdịnaya dị elu bụ nke a na-akpọkarị owu ọkụ, bụ nke e ji emepụta egbe na-enweghị anwụrụ ọkụ na colloidal. A na-akpọkarị ọdịnaya dị ala dị ka collodion. Ọ bụ insoluble na mmiri, ma soluble na ngwakọta ihe mgbaze nke ethyl mmanya na ether, na ngwọta bụ collodion. N'ihi na ihe mgbaze collodion na-ekpochapụ ma mepụta ihe nkiri siri ike, a na-ejikarị ya emechi karama, nchebe ọnya na celluloid plastic mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-agbakwunye resin alkyd kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka onye na-agbanwe ma na-eji ihe kwesịrị ekwesị nke camphor mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ike, ọ na-aghọ ihe ntanye nitrocellulose, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka akwụkwọ, akwa, akpụkpọ anụ, iko, metal na ceramics.
Cellulose acetate: A makwaara dị ka cellulose acetate. N'ebe ọnụnọ nke sulfuric acid catalyst, cellulose na-eji ngwakọta nke acetic acid na ethanol mee ihe, mgbe ahụ, a na-agbakwunye acetic acid na-agbanye na hydrolyze ngwaahịa ahụ ruo n'ókè esterification chọrọ.
Tụnyere nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate nwere ike iji mepụta ihe mgbaze dabere na ngwaahịa rọba dị ka iko na ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka. E jiri ya tụnyere cellulose nitrate, ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide viscosity na ịdịte aka, mana ọ na-eguzogide acid na-adịghị mma, nkwụsị mmiri na nkwụsị ihu igwe.
protein gluu
Protein nrapado bụ ụdị nrapado sitere n'okike nwere ihe nwere protein dị ka isi akụrụngwa. Enwere ike ime nrapado site na protein anụmanụ na protein akwukwo nri. Dị ka protein e ji mee ihe si kwuo, a na-ekewa ya na protein anụmanụ (fen gluu, gelatin, gluu protein dị mgbagwoju anya, na albumin) na protein akwụkwọ nri (ọkpụkpụ agwa, wdg). Ha na-enwekarị esemokwu dị elu mgbe akọrọ ma jiri ya na-emepụta ngwá ụlọ na mmepụta osisi. Otú ọ dị, nguzogide okpomọkụ ya na mmiri na-eguzogide adịghị mma, nke adhesives protein anụmanụ dị mkpa karị.
Gluo protein soy: Protein akwukwo nri abughi nani ihe eji eme nri di mkpa, kamakwa o nwere otutu ngwa n'ubi na-adighi nri. Mepụtara na adhesives protein soy, dị ka 1923, Johnson tinyere akwụkwọ maka patent maka protein soy adhesives.
N'afọ 1930, a naghị eji eriri soybean phenolic resin board (DuPont Mass Division) mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi ike njikọ na-adịghị ike yana ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị elu.
N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi mgbasawanye nke ahịa nrapado, acidity nke mmanụ mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi adọtala uche, nke mere ka ụlọ ọrụ ntanye na-atụgharị uche na nrapado okike ọhụrụ, na-eme ka protein soybean adhesives ghọọ ebe nyocha.
Ngwakọta soybean adịghị egbu egbu, enweghị ụtọ, ọ dị mfe iji, mana ọ na-eguzogide mmiri na-adịghị mma. Ịgbakwunye 0.1% ~ 1.0% (mass) nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ejikọta ọnụ dị ka thiourea, carbon disulfide, tricarboxymethyl sulfide, wdg nwere ike ime ka mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, na-eme ka adhesives maka njikọ osisi na mmepụta plywood.
Ngwongwo protein anụmanụ: A na-eji gluu anụmanụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime arịa ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi osisi. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere arịa ụlọ dị ka oche, tebụl, kọbọd, ụdị, ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, ngwa egwuregwu na deckers.
Anụmanụ mmiri mmiri ọhụrụ nke nwere ọdịnaya siri ike nke 50-60% gụnyere ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa na ụdị ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa, nke a na-eji na njikọta nke ogwe osisi nke kọbọd hardboard, mgbakọ ụlọ mkpanaka, laminates siri ike, na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ dị oke ọnụ. Obere na ọkara nrapado chọrọ oge maka gluu.
Gluo anụmanụ bụ isi ụdị nrapado eji na teepu nrapado. Enwere ike iji teepu ndị a maka akpa ndị na-ere ahịa ọkụ nkịtị yana teepu dị arọ dị ka akara ma ọ bụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke eriri siri ike na igbe corrugated maka mbupu ebe arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa na ike ịdị ogologo dị elu chọrọ.
N'oge a, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ buru ibu, a na-ejikarị akpụkpọ anụ mee ihe naanị ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ. Dị ka Coating Online si kwuo, a na-emepụta nrapado a na-ejikarị ya na ọdịnaya siri ike nke ihe dịka 50%, ma nwee ike ịgwakọta ya na dextrin na 10% ruo 20% nke gluu akọrọ, yana obere ego nke wetting, plasticizer. gel inhibitor (mgbe ọ dị mkpa).
Adhesive (60 ~ 63 ℃) na-ejikọta ya na agba na akwụkwọ nkwado, na ntinye ego nke siri ike bụ n'ozuzu 25% nke oke akwụkwọ. Enwere ike ihichapụ teepu mgbochi mmiri n'okpuru esemokwu site na iji rollers na-ekpo ọkụ uzuoku ma ọ bụ jiri igwe kpo oku ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Na mgbakwunye, ngwa gluu anụmanụ gụnyere imepụta akwụkwọ aja na abrasives gauze, nha na mkpuchi nke textiles na akwụkwọ, na ijikọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ.
Tannin nrapado
Tannin bụ ihe mejupụtara nke nwere polyphenolic dị iche iche, dị ebe niile na azuokokoosisi, ogbugbo, mgbọrọgwụ, akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ osisi. tumadi site na osisi nhazi ogbugbo scraps na osisi nwere nnukwu tannin ọdịnaya. A na-agwakọta tannin, formaldehyde na mmiri ma kpoo ọkụ iji nweta resin tannin, mgbe ahụ, a na-agbakwunye onye na-agwọ ọrịa na onye na-edozi ahụ, a na-enwetakwa tannin nrapado site na-akpali akpali.
Tannin adhesive nwere ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ na iru mmiri ịka nká, na arụmọrụ nke osisi gluing yiri nke nrapado phenolic. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka gluing osisi, wdg.
lignin nrapado
Lignin bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke osisi, na ọdịnaya ya bụ ihe dịka 20-40% nke osisi, nke abụọ bụ cellulose. O siri ike iwepụ lignin ozugbo site na osisi, isi mmalite bụ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri pulp, nke nwere nnukwu akụ.
A naghị eji Lignin dị ka ihe nrapado naanị, kama ọ bụ polymer resin phenolic nwetara site na omume nke otu phenolic nke lignin na formaldehyde dị ka ihe nrapado. Iji meziwanye nguzogide mmiri, enwere ike iji ya na mgbanaka na-ekpuchi isopropane epoxy isocyanate, phenol nzuzu, resorcinol na ogige ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị eriri lignin eme ihe maka njikọta plywood na particleboard. Otú ọ dị, viscosity ya dị elu na agba dị omimi, na mgbe emechara ya, enwere ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa.
chịngọm Arab
Gum arabic, nke a makwaara dị ka acacia gum, bụ ihe na-esi na ezinụlọ igurube anụ pụta. Akpọrọ aha ya n'ihi mmepụta ya nke ọma na mba Arab. Gum arabic bụ nke kachasị nke polysaccharides dị arọ molekụla dị ala yana acacia glycoproteins dị elu. N'ihi ezigbo mmiri solubility nke gum arabic, nhazi dị nnọọ mfe, na-achọghị okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ accelerators. Gum Arabic na-akpọnwụ ngwa ngwa. Enwere ike iji ya maka njikọta anya anya anya, stampụ gluing, mado akara ụghalaahịa, nchikota nri nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ibipụta na ihe enyemaka ịchaji.
Inorganic nrapado
Adhesives emebere na inorganic ihe, dị ka phosphates, phosphates, sulfates, boron salts, metal oxides, wdg, na-akpọ inorganic adhesives. Njirimara ya:
(1) High okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, nwere ike idi 1000 ℃ ma ọ bụ elu okpomọkụ:
(2) Ezigbo mgbochi ịka nká:
(3) Obere mbelata
(4) Nnukwu mgbawa. Modules na-agbanwe bụ usoro ụkwụ dị elu karịa nke nrapado organic:
(5) Mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, acid na alkali na-eguzogide adịghị mma.
Ị maara? Adhesives nwere ihe ndị ọzọ ma e wezụga ịrapagidesi ike.
Mgbochi corrosion: Ụgbọ mmiri nke ụgbọ mmiri na-ejikarị aluminom silicate na asbestos kpuchie ya iji nweta mkpuchi ọkụ, ma n'ihi ntanye ma ọ bụ mgbanwe oyi na okpomọkụ, a na-emepụta mmiri condensate, nke na-agbakọta na mgbidi dị n'èzí nke ọkpọkọ uzuoku nke ala; na ọkpọkọ uzuoku na-ekpughere okpomọkụ dị elu ruo ogologo oge, salts soluble Ọrụ nke corrosion mgbidi dị n'èzí dị nnọọ njọ.
N'ihi nke a, adhesives iko mmiri usoro adhesives nwere ike iji dị ka mkpuchi ihe na ala oyi akwa nke aluminum silicate na-etolite mkpuchi na ihe enamel-dị ka ihe owuwu. Na nrụnye igwe, a na-agbanyekarị ihe ndị mejupụtara ya. Ikuku ogologo oge maka ngwaọrụ agbachiri nwere ike ime ka corrosion gbazee. N'ime usoro ọrụ igwe, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-atọpụ bolts n'ihi oke ịma jijiji.
Iji dozie nsogbu a, a na-ejikọta ihe ndị ahụ na-ejikọta ya na adhesives inorganic na nrụnye igwe, wee jikọta ya na bolts. Nke a nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na-ekere òkè na nkwado, kamakwa na-ekere òkè na mgbochi corrosion.
Biomedical: Ngwakọta nke ihe hydroxyapatite bioceramic dị nso na akụkụ inorganic nke ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, nwere ezigbo biocompatibility, nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ kemịkalụ siri ike na ọkpụkpụ, ma bụrụ ezigbo ihe nnọchi anụ ahụ siri ike.
Otú ọ dị, nchikota nchikota n'ozuzu nke ihe ntinye HA nke a kwadebere dị elu na ike dị ala, ọrụ ahụ adịghịkwa mma. A na-ahọrọ ihe ntanye iko phosphate, na ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ HA na-ejikọta ọnụ na okpomọkụ dị ala karịa omenala sintering okpomọkụ site na omume nke nrapado, si otú ibelata na-agbanwe modulus na hụ na ihe onwunwe ọrụ.
Cohesion Technologies Ltd. kwuputara na ha emepụtala ihe mkpuchi Coseal nke enwere ike iji maka njikọ obi obi ma jiri ya mee ihe nke ọma. Site n'iji atụnyere ikpe 21 nke ịwa ahụ obi na Europe, a chọpụtara na ojiji nke ịwa ahụ Coseal belatara nke ukwuu nke ịwa ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha ụlọ ọgwụ nke sochirinụ gosiri na Coseal sealant nwere ikike dị ukwuu n'ịwa obi, gynecology na abdominal ịwa ahụ.
Ngwa nke nrapado na nkà mmụta ọgwụ maara dị ka ebe ọhụrụ na-eto eto na ụlọ ọrụ ntanye. Gluo arụrụ arụ nke nwere resin epoxy ma ọ bụ polyester na-enweghị ike mejupụtara.
Na teknụzụ nchekwa: Ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri Stealth bụ otu n'ime akara nke imeziwanye akụrụngwa ụgbọ mmiri. Ụzọ dị mkpa nke stealth ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri bụ ịtọkwasị taịlị na-amịpụta ụda na shei okpuru mmiri okpuru mmiri. Taịlị na-ada ụda bụ ụdị rọba nwere ihe na-eme ka ụda olu.
Iji ghọta njikọ siri ike nke tile muffler na efere ígwè nke mgbidi ụgbọ mmiri, ọ dị mkpa ịdabere na nrapado. Ejiri ya n'ọhịa ndị agha: mmezi tankị, mgbakọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha, ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu ndị agha na-atụ bọmbụ, njikọ nke ngwa agha mkpuchi ọkụ ọkụ, nkwadebe nke ihe mkpuchi, mgbochi iyi ọha egwu na mgbochi iyi ọha egwu.
Ọ dị ịtụnanya? Elela anya obere nrapado anyị, enwere ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma na ya.
Isi anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara nke nrapado
Oge ọrụ
Ogologo oge kachasị n'etiti ngwakọta nrapado na ijikọ akụkụ a ga-ejikọta
Oge ọgwụgwọ mbụ
Oge iji wepụ ike iwepụ na-enye ohere ike zuru oke maka ijikwa nkekọ, gụnyere akụkụ mbugharị site na Fixtures.
oge ọgwụgwọ zuru oke
Oge achọrọ iji nweta akụrụngwa akụrụngwa ikpeazụ mgbe ngwakọta nrapado gachara
oge nchekwa
N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nrapado ka nwere ike idowe ihe eji eme ya na oge nchekwa nke ike akọwapụtara
ike nkekọ
N'okpuru omume nke ike mpụga, nrụgide a chọrọ iji mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti nrapado na nke dị n'akụkụ ihe nkedo ahụ mebiri ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya.
Kwachaa ike
Ike shear na-ezo aka na ike ịkwa akwa nke elu nke jikọrọ ọnụ nwere ike iguzogide mgbe akụkụ njikọ ahụ mebiri emebi, na-egosipụtakwa otu ya na MPa (N/mm2)
Ike ndọpụ na-enweghị isi
Oke kacha ibu nke nkwonkwo nwere ike iburu mgbe edobere na-enweghị isi na-adọpụpụ ike, n'ihi na ibu na-akasị lekwasị na abụọ n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ otu nsọtụ nke nrapado oyi akwa, na ike bụ kwa unit ogologo karịa kwa unit ebe, na unit. bụ KN/m
Ike ọdụdọ
Ike nkwụsi ike, nke a makwaara dị ka ike ịdọpụ otu n'otu na ike nkwụsị nke ọma, na-ezo aka na ike nkwụsị nke otu mpaghara mgbe adhesion mebiri site na ike, na-egosipụtakwa unit na MPa (N/mm2).
bee ike
Ike peel bụ ibu kachasị n'otu obosara nke nwere ike iguzogide mgbe akụkụ ndị ahụ jikọtara ọnụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ peeling akọwapụtara, a na-egosipụtakwa otu ya na KN / m.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-25-2024