Cellulose ether (CE) bụ klaasị nke ewepụtara site na megharịa cellulose na kemịkal. Cellulose bụ isi akụkụ nke mgbidi cell osisi, na cellulose ethers bụ usoro nke polymers nke etherification nke ụfọdụ hydroxyl otu (-OH) na cellulose. A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe eji arụ ụlọ, ọgwụ, nri, ihe ịchọ mma, wdg, a na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi ọdịdị anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ pụrụ iche na ụdị dịgasị iche iche.
1. Nhazi nke cellulose ethers
Enwere ike kewaa cellulose ethers n'ime ụdị dị iche iche dịka ụdị ihe mgbakwunye na nhazi kemịkalụ. Nkewa kachasị na-adabere na ọdịiche dị na ndị nnọchi anya. Ether cellulose nkịtị bụ ndị a:
Methyl cellulose (MC)
A na-emepụta Methyl cellulose site n'iji methyl (-CH₃) dochie akụkụ hydroxyl nke molekul cellulose. Ọ nwere ezigbo ịgba, ihe nkiri-akpụ na bonding Njirimara na a na-ejikarị na-ewu ụlọ, mkpuchi, pharmaceuticals na nri ụlọ ọrụ.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ cellulose ether nkịtị, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọgwụ, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na nri nri n'ihi na mmiri dị mma na nkwụsi ike. HPMC bụ nonionic cellulose ether nwere njirimara nke njide mmiri, nkwụsi ike na nkwụsi ike.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Carboxymethyl cellulose bụ anionic cellulose ether emepụtara site na iwebata otu carboxymethyl (–CH₂COOH) n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. CMC nwere ezigbo mmiri solubility ma na-ejikarị ya dị ka onye na-agbapụta, stabilizer na onye nkwusioru. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nri, ọgwụ na ihe ịchọ mma.
Ethyl cellulose (EC)
A na-enweta Ethyl cellulose site na dochie otu hydroxyl na cellulose na ethyl (-CH₂CH₃). Ọ nwere hydrophobicity dị mma ma na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi ihe nkiri na ihe ntọhapụ na-achịkwa na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ.
2. Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke cellulose ethers
Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke cellulose ethers nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe ndị dị ka ụdị cellulose ether, ụdị ihe nnọchi na ogo nke nnọchi. Njirimara ya bụ isi gụnyere ihe ndị a:
Mmiri solubility na solubility
Ọtụtụ cellulose ethers nwere ezigbo mmiri solubility ma nwee ike igbari na oyi ma ọ bụ mmiri ọkụ iji mepụta ngwọta colloidal transperent. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, HPMC, CMC, wdg nwere ike gbasasịa ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri iji mepụta ngwọta viscosity dị elu, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa nwere ihe ndị a chọrọ dị ka ịgbatị, nkwusioru, na nhazi ihe nkiri.
Njirimara na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri
Cellulose ethers nwere ọmarịcha ihe na-eme ka o sie ike ma nwee ike ịbawanye viscosity nke ngwọta mmiri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwụnye HPMC na ihe owuwu ụlọ nwere ike imeziwanye plasticity na ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ma welie ihe ndị na-egbochi sagging. N'otu oge ahụ, cellulose ethers nwere ezigbo ihe nkiri na-emepụta ihe nkiri ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri nchebe otu n'elu ihe, n'ihi ya, a na-eji ya eme ihe na mkpuchi na mkpuchi ọgwụ.
Njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike
Cellulose ethers nwekwara ezigbo ikike ijide mmiri, karịsịa n'ọhịa nke ihe owuwu ụlọ. A na-ejikarị ethers cellulose eme ihe iji meziwanye njide mmiri nke ụrọ simenti, belata ihe omume nke ngwa agha shrinkage cracks, na ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha. N'ubi nri, a na-ejikwa CMC dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara igbu oge ihicha nri.
Nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal
Cellulose ethers na-egosi ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na ngwọta acid, alkali na electrolyte, ma nwee ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ ha na arụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dị mgbagwoju anya. Nke a na-enye ohere ka eji ha rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-enweghị nnyonye anya sitere na kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ.
3. Usoro mmepụta nke cellulose ether
A na-akwado mmepụta nke cellulose ether site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke cellulose eke. Usoro usoro bụ isi gụnyere ọgwụgwọ alkalisation nke cellulose, mmeghachi omume etherification, ịdị ọcha, wdg.
Ọgwụgwọ Alkalization
Nke mbụ, cellulose eke (dị ka owu, osisi, wdg) bụ alkalized iji mee ka akụkụ hydroxyl dị na cellulose ghọọ nnu mmanya na-arụsi ọrụ ike.
Mmeghachi omume etherification
Cellulose mgbe alkalization na-emeghachi omume na ihe na-eme ka etherifying (dị ka methyl chloride, propylene oxide, wdg) iji mepụta cellulose ether. Dabere na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, enwere ike ịnweta ụdị cellulose ethers dị iche iche.
Nhicha na ihicha
A na-eme ka ether cellulose na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume ahụ dị ọcha, na-asachapụ ma kpoo ya iji nweta ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa granular. Enwere ike ịchịkwa ịdị ọcha na ihe anụ ahụ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ site na teknụzụ nhazi na-esote.
4. Ngwa ngwa nke cellulose ether
N'ihi ihe pụrụ iche nke anụ ahụ na kemịkal nke cellulose ethers, a na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ebe ndị isi ngwa bụ ndị a:
Ihe owuwu ụlọ
N'ihe gbasara ihe owuwu ụlọ, a na-ejikarị ethers cellulose eme ihe dị ka ndị na-agbapụta mmiri na ihe na-ejigide mmiri maka ngwa ngwa ciment na ngwaahịa gypsum. Cellulose ethers dị ka HPMC na MC nwere ike melite arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha, belata mmiri na-efunahụ, ma si otú ahụ kwalite adhesion na mgbawa mgbochi.
Ọgwụ
Na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, a na-eji cellulose ethers eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka ọgwụ, nrapado maka mbadamba nkume, na ihe ndị a na-achịkwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ejikarị HPMC akwadebe mkpuchi ihe nkiri ọgwụ ọgwụ ma nwee mmetụta nkwụsị nke ọma.
Nri
A na-ejikarị CMC eme ihe dị ka thickener, emulsifier, na stabilizer na ụlọ ọrụ nri. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ihe ọṅụṅụ, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, na ngwaahịa esiri esi, ma nwee ike imezi ụtọ na ihe na-edozi nri nke nri.
Ihe ịchọ mma na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị
A na-eji ethers cellulose eme ihe dị ka ndị na-agbapụta ihe na emulsifiers na stabilizers na ihe ịchọ mma na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, nke nwere ike inye ezigbo nhazi na nhazi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ejikarị HPMC eme ihe na ngwaahịa dịka ntacha eze na ncha ntutu iji nye ha mmetụta viscous na mmetụta nkwụsịtụ kwụsiri ike.
Mkpuchi
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi, a na-eji cellulose ethers eme ihe dị ka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, na ndị na-emechi anya, nke nwere ike ime ka arụ ọrụ nke mkpuchi dị mma, na-eme ka ọkwa dị elu, na-enye ihe nkiri ihe nkiri dị mma.
5. Ọdịnihu mmepe nke cellulose ethers
Site n'ọchịchọ na-abawanye maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, cellulose ether, dị ka ihe sitere na akụrụngwa emeghari ohuru, nwere atụmanya mmepe sara mbara. Ya biodegradability, mmeghari ohuru na versatility na-eme ka a na-atụ anya na a ga-eji ọtụtụ ebe na ubi nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ihe, deradable ihe na smart ihe n'ọdịnihu. Na mgbakwunye, cellulose ether nwekwara nyocha ọzọ na ikike mmepe n'ọhịa bara uru dị elu dị ka injinia biomedical na ihe ndị dị elu.
Dị ka ngwaahịa kemịkalụ dị mkpa, cellulose ether nwere ọtụtụ uru bara uru. N'ịbụ onye na-agbapụta nke ọma, njide mmiri, imepụta ihe nkiri na nkwụsi ike kemịkal dị mma, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị atụ n'ọtụtụ mpaghara dị ka ihe owuwu, ọgwụ na nri. N'ọdịnihu, na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke nkà na ụzụ na ịkwalite echiche nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, atụmanya ntinye nke cellulose ether ga-aba ụba ma na-enye aka dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite mmepe mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.
Oge nzipu: Sep-24-2024