A na-eme ka ihe dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ nke ụlọ akọrọ akpọnwụ, ma mgbakwunye nke ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwa Ihe eji eme ihe na ngwa agha akọrọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eweta amamihe dị ukwuu na ndị na-eweta ihe a na-enye nnukwu ihe. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa a kpọrọ nkụ ka dị elu, ọ na-esiri ike ịhazi masonry na ngwa ngwa na mpaghara dị iche iche; A na-achịkwa ngwaahịa ndị dị elu site na ndị na-emepụta ngwa-ngwa ngwa na-enwekarị uru dị ala na ndidi na-enweghị isi; E nwere enweghị usoro na ebumnuche ezubere maka itinye ọgwụ na ntinye ọgwụ, yana usoro nke mba ọzọ na-agbaso.
Dabere na ebumnuche ndị dị n'elu, nyocha akwụkwọ a ma jiri ụfọdụ ihe dị mkpa na-adọrọ adọrọ, yana na nke a, na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwaahịa ngwaahịa akọrọ na-eji Egosipụta Ngwaahịa.
1. Mmiri na-ejigide onye nnọchi anya
Mmiri na-ejigide onye na-elekọta mmiri bụ ihe dị mkpa iji melite arụmọrụ mmiri nke ngwa ngwa akpọnwụ akpọnwụ, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa iji chọpụta ọnụ ahịa nke ihe ọkụkụ akọrọ.
1.1 celllose ether
Mkpụrụ osisi ether bụ okwu maka usoro nke ngwaahịa ndị mepụtara site na mmeghachi omume nke alkali Cellulose na onye nnọchite anya ya. A na-eji ikike alkali dochie anya nke alkali dịgasị iche iche iji nweta ndị dị iche iche mkpụrụ osisi. Dabere na ihe ndị ionization nke ndị nọchiri anya ya, enwere ike ikewa eyers mkpụrụ osisi ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka celloxyythyyythyythythythythythythythythythythythythythylythym Cellulose) na nke na-abụghị nke methy (dịka methy cellulose). Dika udiri udiri ihe eji eme ya, dika celluluse ether kelet (dika methy cellulose) ma gwakọta ether (dika hydropylthyl cellulose). Dabere na akụkụ dị iche iche, enwere ike ekewa n'ime mmiri celluble (nke dị ka ọnya afọ), nke aty celluble), na-agbanye mmiri na-agbanye mmiri, na soludup-soluble cellulase bụ ekewa na ụdị ngwa ngwa na elu a na-emeso usoro mgbasa.
Usoro ihe omume nke cellulose na ngwa agha dị ka ndị a:
(1) Mgbe selịl ahụ na-agbaze na mmiri, a na-agbaze na mmiri ciment na nke edoziri na elu sistemụ, na cellulose evether, dị ka colloid, "kechie" ahụ siri ike A na-ehisị ihe nkiri na oyi akwa ya, nke na-eme ka ihe mgbakwasị ahụ siri ike, yana imekwa ka mmiri ahụ dị mma na ịdị nkọ nke owuwu.
(2) N'ihi usoro molecular nke ya, cellulose egweri na-eme ka mmiri ghara ida, ma jiri nwayọ wepụta ya ogologo oge, na-eme ka ngwangwụ mmiri na ọrụ dị mma.
1.1.1 molecular usoro nke methyl cellulose (mc) [c6h7o2 (oh) 3-h (och3) n] x
Mgbe owu na-etichara alkali, sel sel sel na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume na methane chloride dị ka onye ọrụ Ither. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6 ~ 2.0, na solubity dịkwa iche na ogo dị iche iche nke dochie. Ọ bụ nke na-abụghị ionic ether.
(1) Methylcellose na-soluble na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike ịgbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya dị oke mma na mpaghara PH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na stachi, Guar chịm, wdg na ọtụtụ fromsactants. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ ahụ, gelation emee.
(2) Ibelata mmiri nke methyl cellulose na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, urughuru na ọnụego ya. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na mgbakwunye ego buru ibu, ọ dị obere, na viscosis buru ibu, ọnụ ọgụgụ njigide mmiri dị elu. N'etiti ha, ego nke mgbakwunye nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na ụzọ mbelata mmiri, yana ọkwa viscosity abụghị nke dabara na ọkwa nke mmiri iji. Ọnụego mgbasa efe si na-adabere na ogo mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ osisi cellulose na urughuru. N'etiti ndị dị n'elu Cellers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxyl methyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụego mmiri dị elu.
(3) Mgbanwe na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ga-emetụta oke mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, elu okpomọkụ, nke na-akacha njọ mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mgbochi okpomọkụ karịrị 40 Celsius C, njigide mmiri nke methy cellulose ga-ebelata, na-emetụta oke owuwe ihe ngwa agha.
(4) methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na owuwu na ngwa agha. "Adhesion" ebe a na-ezo aka na ike ọrụ dị n'etiti ngwaọrụ ndị ọrụ onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi, ya bụ, na-emegide ya na ngwa agha nke ngwa agha. Ndozi ahụ dị elu, nke a na-achọ ka ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ buru ibu, na owuru arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ dara ogbenye. Methyl Cellulose na-eme na ọkwa na-agafe agafe ngwaahịa ether.
1.1.2 MOLECAL usoro nke Hydropyythylthylthyl (HPM7O2 (Oh) 3-mn (OCH3) m, och2ch (oh) cho3] n]
Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi cellulose nke mmepụta ya na ihe oriri na-adịwanye ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ bụ nke na-abụghị nke ionic cellulose mere site na owu nụchara anụcha, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, site na usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.2 ~ 2.0. Njirimara ya dị iche n'ihi ogo dị iche iche nke methoxy na ọdịnaya mmiri hydroxypypyl.
(1) hydroxypylthylththththyth na-agbanye mmiri oyi, ọ ga-ezute ihe isi ike na mmiri ọkụ. Ma ọnọdụ okpomoku ya na mmiri ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose. A na-akwalitekwa ngụgụ na mmiri oyi na-akwalite ya na methy cellulose.
(2) viscosity nke hydroxyl Methylcelllose metụtara oke molecular ya, na ibu oke molecular ibu, onye dị elu na viscosity. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, dị ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscese belata. Agbanyeghị, viscosity ya dị elu nwere obere okpomọkụ karịa methy cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
(3) Njikọ mmiri nke hydropyythylthythyth na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, na -achi anya ya n'okpuru otu mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose.
(4) hydroxylthylthylthylthylthylthyllose bụ ọkaibe na acid na alkali, na ngwọta ya dị oke mma na oke nke pH = 2 ~ 12. Saustic Sọsda na Wayo Waime enweghị obere mmetụta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike ime ka ọpụpụ ya ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo ọhụrụ. Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ nkwụsi ike na nnu, ma mgbe ịta nke nnu dị elu, viscosity hydroxypyl methylcellopy na-abawanye.
(5) hydroxyppropyythylthylthyl na-eji ọgwụ polmer na-adọkpụ na-etolite iji mepụta otu unifort na usoro visinity dị elu. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, stachi ether, ihe oriri na akwukwo nri, wdg.
(6) hydroxylthylthylthylthylcelllose nwere ike iguzogide elu karịa methylcellose, na ihe ngwọta ya agaghị emebi emebi site na enzymes karịa methylcellose.
(7) Nchọpụta nke hydroxyppropyythylthylthllopse ka ịgba ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methylcellose.
1.1.3 hydroxyethylcellose (hEC)
A na-eme ya site na owu nụchara anụcha na alkali na-emeso Alkali, ma meghachi omume na Ethlene Oxi dị ka onye ọrụ Itherification n'ihu acetone. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.5 ~ 2.0. O nwere hydrophilicy siri ike ma dịkwa mfe ịnabata mmiri.
(1) hydroxyethythyythythythythyth celluble na mmiri oyi, mana o siri ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gellling. Enwere ike iji ya ruo ogologo oge dị elu okpomọkụ na ngwa ọgụ ya dị ala karịa nke methy cellulose.
(2) hydroxyethyth cellulose bụ kwụsie ike na acid na alkali. Alkali nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa mgbasa ma nwekwuo mmụba na viscosity. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị oke njọ karịa nke methy cellulose na hydroxypyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) hydroxyethythyythythythythythyth cellulose nwere ezigbo mgbochi SAG dịịrị maka ngwa agha, mana ọ nwere oge azụ oge maka ciment.
(4) arụmọrụ nke celdroxyethyth se cel cellulose dị ala karịa nke ụlọ ọrụ methy sellose n'ihi ọdịnaya mmiri ya dị elu na ọdịnaya dị elu.
1.1.4 carloxellosethylcellose (cmc) [c6h7o2 (oh) 2OK2COOOOO] n
A na-eme enic sel sel na eriri anụ (owu, wdg) mgbe Alkali ọgwụgwọ, na-eji sodium modochlorotetetate dị ka onye ọrụ Ither, ma nwee usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 0.4 ~ 1.4, na arụmọrụ ya emetụtala oke.
(1) coulboxythyythythythythythythylythyth cellulose bụ hgroscopic, ọ ga-enwe mmiri karịa mgbe echekwara n'okpuru ọnọdụ niile.
(2) Ohere carboxymymymythymythymythylythylythylythyl agaghị emepụta gel, na visses ga-agbadata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ gafere 50 Celsius C, viscosity na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe.
(3) PH na-emetụta ike ya nke ukwuu. Ohaneze, enwere ike iji ya na mpekere nke gypsum, ma ọ bụghị na ngwa agha ciment. Mgbe alkaline nke ukwuu, ọ na-efunahụ viscosity.
(4) Njide mmiri ya dị obere karịa nke methy cellulose. O nwere mmetụta na-akwụ ụgwọ na ngwa agha gypsum ma belata ike ya. Agbanyeghị, ọnụahịa nke celloxyMylylyl cellulose dị ala karịa nke Methy cellulose.
Oge Post: Mar-30-2023