Ihe ọmụma kemịkalụ nkọwa na ọdịiche nke eriri, cellulose na cellulose ether

Fiber:

Fiber, n'ihe gbasara kemistri na sayensị ihe, na-ezo aka na klaasị ihe eji arụ ọrụ ogologo ha, nke yiri eri. Ihe ndị a bụ polymers, nke bụ nnukwu ụmụ irighiri ihe mejupụtara nkeji ugboro ugboro a na-akpọ monomers. Fibers nwere ike ịbụ eke ma ọ bụ sịntetik, ha na-ahụkwa ebe niile na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere textiles, composites, na biomedicine.

A na-enweta eriri eke sitere na osisi, anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ mineral. Ọmụmaatụ gụnyere owu, ajị anụ, silk, na asbestos. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-emepụta eriri sịntetik site na kemịkal site na usoro dị ka polymerization. Naịlọn, polyester, na acrylic bụ ihe atụ nkịtị nke eriri sịntetịt.

N'ihe gbasara kemịkalụ, okwu a bụ “fiber” na-ezokarị aka n'akụkụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ karịa ihe mejupụtara kemịkal ya. A na-eji eriri akụkụ ya dị elu mara eriri, nke pụtara na ọ dị ogologo karịa ka ha dị. Ọdịdị elongated a na-enye ihe ndị dị ka ike, mgbanwe na ịdịte aka na ihe ahụ, na-eme ka eriri dị mkpa na ngwa dị iche iche sitere na uwe ruo n'ịkwado na ihe ndị mejupụtara.

Cellulose:

Cellulosebụ polysaccharide, nke bụ ụdị carbohydrate nke nwere ogologo agbụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ shuga mejupụtara. Ọ bụ polymer kasị ukwuu n'ụwa ma na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nhazi na mgbidi cell nke osisi. Kemịkalụ, cellulose nwere nkeji glucose ugboro ugboro jikọtara ya na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic.

Ọdịdị nke cellulose bụ nke ukwuu fibrous, na nke onye cellulose molecule aligning onwe ha n'ime microfibrils na-aga n'ihu na-agbakọta na-etolite ibu owuwu dị ka eriri. Eriri ndị a na-enye nkwado nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, na-enye ha ike na ike. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na osisi, cellulose bụkwa akụkụ bụ isi nke eriri nri dị na mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri, na ọka. Ụmụ mmadụ enweghị enzymes dị mkpa iji mebie cellulose, ya mere ọ na-agafe na usoro mgbari nri nke ukwuu, na-enyere aka mgbari nri na ịkwalite ahụ ike nke eriri afọ.

Cellulose nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi ụbara ya, mmeghari ohuru, yana ihe ndị a na-achọsi ike dị ka biodegradability, biocompatibility, na ike. A na-ejikarị ya emepụta akwụkwọ, textiles, ihe owuwu ụlọ, na mmanụ mmanụ.

Cellulose ether:

Cellulose ethersbụ otu ngwakọta kemịkalụ sitere na cellulose sitere na mgbanwe kemịkalụ. Mgbanwe ndị a gụnyere iwebata otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ, dị ka hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, ma ọ bụ carboxymethyl, n'ime ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose. Ethers cellulose nke pụta na-ejigide ụfọdụ njiri mara nke cellulose ka ha na-egosipụta ihe ọhụrụ nke otu ọrụ agbakwunyere na-enye.

Otu n'ime isi ọdịiche dị n'etiti cellulose na cellulose ethers dabeere na ha solubility Njirimara. Ọ bụ ezie na cellulose bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na mmiri na ọtụtụ ihe mgbaze organic, cellulose ethers na-abụkarị mmiri na-edozi ma ọ bụ na-egosipụta mma solubility na organic solvents. Nke a solubility na-eme cellulose ethers ngwa ngwa ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụ, nri, ntecha, na-ewu.

Ihe atụ nkịtị nke cellulose ethers gụnyere methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), na carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). A na-eji ogige ndị a eme ihe dị ka ndị na-agba agba, ndị na-ekekọta ihe, ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkwụsi ike, na ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri n'ụdị dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji CMC eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwaahịa nri dị ka onye na-eme ka ọ dị arọ na emulsifier, ebe HPC na-arụ ọrụ na usoro ọgwụ maka ntọhapụ ọgwụ a na-achịkwa.

eriri na-ezo aka ihe na ogologo, eri-dị ka Ọdịdị, cellulose bụ a eke polymer dị na osisi cell mgbidi, na cellulose ethers bụ chemically gbanwetụrụ mmepụta nke cellulose na iche iche ulo oru ngwa. Ọ bụ ezie na cellulose na-enye usoro nhazi maka osisi ma na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke eriri nri, cellulose ethers na-enye nkwalite solubility ma na-achọta iji ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi ihe onwunwe ha pụrụ iche.