Cellugul ether
Mkpụrụ osisi ether bụ okwu maka usoro nke ngwaahịa ndị mepụtara site na mmeghachi omume nke alkali Cellulose na onye nnọchite anya ya. A na-eji ikike alkali dochie anya nke alkali dịgasị iche iche iji nweta ndị dị iche iche mkpụrụ osisi. Dabere na ihe ndị ionization nke ndị nọchiri anya ya, enwere ike ikewa eyers mkpụrụ osisi ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka celloxyythyyythyythythythythythythythythythythythythythylythym Cellulose) na nke na-abụghị nke methy (dịka methy cellulose). Dika udiri udiri ihe eji eme ya, dika celluluse ether kelet (dika methy cellulose) ma gwakọta ether (dika hydropylthyl cellulose). Dabere na akụkụ dị iche iche, enwere ike ekewa n'ime mmiri celluble (nke dị ka ọnya afọ na-acha ọbara ọbara) na-solugul-soluble cellususe, na celluse celluble (solulose na-ekewa na ụdị ozugbo na elu disppeddị na-egbu oge.
Usoro ihe omume nke cellulose na ngwa agha dị ka ndị a:
(1) Mgbe selịlị na-agbaze na mmiri, a na-agbaze na mmiri ciment na-eme ka ọ dị n'elu ya, ma na-eme ka ihe ndị ahụ dị elu, na-emekwa ka mmiri ahụ sie ike na nsị nke owuwu.
(2) N'ihi usoro molecular nke ya, cellulose egweri na-eme ka mmiri ghara ida, ma jiri nwayọ wepụta ya ogologo oge, na-eme ka ngwangwụ mmiri na ọrụ dị mma.
1. Methylcellose (mc)
Mgbe owu na-etichara alkali, sel sel sel na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume na methane chloride dị ka onye ọrụ Ither. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6 ~ 2.0, na solubity dịkwa iche na ogo dị iche iche nke dochie. Ọ bụ nke na-abụghị ionic ether.
(1) Methylcellose na-soluble na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike ịgbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya dị oke mma na mpaghara PH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na stachi, Guar chịm, wdg na ọtụtụ fromsactants. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ ahụ, gelation emee.
(2) Ibelata mmiri nke methyl cellulose na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, urughuru na ọnụego ya. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na mgbakwunye ego buru ibu, ọ dị obere, na viscosis buru ibu, ọnụ ọgụgụ njigide mmiri dị elu. N'etiti ha, ego nke mgbakwunye nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na ụzọ mbelata mmiri, yana ọkwa viscosity abụghị nke dabara na ọkwa nke mmiri iji. Ọnụego mgbasa efe si na-adabere na ogo mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ osisi cellulose na urughuru. N'etiti ndị dị n'elu Cellers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxyl methyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụego mmiri dị elu.
(3) Mgbanwe na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ga-emetụta oke mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, elu okpomọkụ, nke na-akacha njọ mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mgbochi okpomọkụ karịrị 40 Celsius C, njigide mmiri nke methy cellulose ga-ebelata, na-emetụta owuwe ihe nke ngwa agha.
(4) methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na owuwu na ngwa agha. "Adhesion" ebe a na-ezo aka na ike ọrụ dị n'etiti ngwaọrụ ndị ọrụ onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi, ya bụ, na-emegide ya na ngwa agha nke ngwa agha. Ndozi ahụ dị elu, nke a na-achọ ka ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ buru ibu, na owuru arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ dara ogbenye. Methyl Cellulose na-eme na ọkwa na-agafe agafe ngwaahịa ether.
2. Hydroxympylmethylcelllose (HPMC)
Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi cellulose nke mmepụta ya na ihe oriri na-adịwanye ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ bụ nke na-abụghị nke ionic cellulose mere site na owu nụchara anụcha, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, site na usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.2 ~ 2.0. Njirimara ya dị iche n'ihi ogo dị iche iche nke methoxy na ọdịnaya mmiri hydroxypypyl.
(1) hydroxypylthylththththyth na-agbanye mmiri oyi, ọ ga-ezute ihe isi ike na mmiri ọkụ. Ma ọnọdụ okpomoku ya na mmiri ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose. A na-akwalitekwa ngụgụ na mmiri oyi na-akwalite ya na methy cellulose.
(2) viscosity nke hydroxyl Methylcelllose metụtara oke molecular ya, na ibu oke molecular ibu, onye dị elu na viscosity. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, dị ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscese belata. Agbanyeghị, viscosity ya dị elu nwere obere okpomọkụ karịa methy cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
(3) Njikọ mmiri nke hydropyythylthythyth na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, na -achi anya ya n'okpuru otu mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose.
(4) hydroxylthylthylthylthylthylthyllose bụ ọkaibe na acid na alkali, na ngwọta ya dị oke mma na oke nke pH = 2 ~ 12. Saustic Sọsda na Wayo Waime enweghị obere mmetụta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike ime ka ọpụpụ ya ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo ọhụrụ. Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ nkwụsi ike na nnu, ma mgbe ịta nke nnu dị elu, viscosity hydroxypyl methylcellopy na-abawanye.
(5) hydroxyppropyythylthylthyl na-eji ọgwụ polmer na-adọkpụ na-etolite iji mepụta otu unifort na usoro visinity dị elu. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, stachi ether, ihe oriri na akwukwo nri, wdg.
(6) hydroxylthylthylthylthylcelllose nwere ike iguzogide elu karịa methylcellose, na ihe ngwọta ya agaghị emebi emebi site na enzymes karịa methylcellose.
(7) Nchọpụta nke hydroxyppropyythylthylthllopse ka ịgba ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methylcellose.
3. Hydroxyethythyth Cellulose (HEC)
A na-eme ya site na owu nụchara anụcha na alkali na-emeso Alkali, ma meghachi omume na Ethlene Oxi dị ka onye ọrụ Itherification n'ihu acetone. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.5 ~ 2.0. Nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dị mfe ịnweta mmiri
(1) hydroxyethythyythythythythyth celluble na mmiri oyi, mana o siri ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gellling. Enwere ike iji ya ruo ogologo oge dị elu okpomọkụ na ngwa ọgụ ya dị ala karịa nke methy cellulose.
(2) hydroxyethyth cellulose bụ kwụsie ike na acid na alkali. Alkali nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa mgbasa ma nwekwuo mmụba na viscosity. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị oke njọ karịa nke methy cellulose na hydroxypyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) hydroxyethythyythythythythythyth cellulose nwere ezigbo mgbochi SAG dịịrị maka ngwa agha, mana ọ nwere oge azụ oge maka ciment.
(4) arụmọrụ nke celdroxyethyth se cel cellulose dị ala karịa nke ụlọ ọrụ methy sellose n'ihi ọdịnaya mmiri ya dị elu na ọdịnaya dị elu.
4.
A na-eme enic sel sel na eriri anụ (owu, wdg) mgbe Alkali ọgwụgwọ, na-eji sodium modochlorotetetate dị ka onye ọrụ Ither, ma nwee usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 0.4 ~ 1.4, na arụmọrụ ya emetụtala oke.
(1) coulboxythyythythythythythythylythyth cellulose bụ hgroscopic, ọ ga-enwe mmiri karịa mgbe echekwara n'okpuru ọnọdụ niile.
(2) Ohere carboxymymymythymythymythylythylythylythyl agaghị emepụta gel, na visses ga-agbadata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ gafere 50 Celsius C, viscosity na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe.
(3) PH na-emetụta ike ya nke ukwuu. Ohaneze, enwere ike iji ya na mpekere nke gypsum, ma ọ bụghị na ngwa agha ciment. Mgbe alkaline nke ukwuu, ọ na-efunahụ viscosity.
(4) Njide mmiri ya dị obere karịa nke methy cellulose. O nwere mmetụta na-akwụ ụgwọ na ngwa agha gypsum ma belata ike ya. Agbanyeghị, ọnụahịa nke celloxyMylylyl cellulose dị ala karịa nke Methy cellulose.
Ntughari polot
A na-ahazi ntụ ntụ roba site na ịgba ọkụ nke polymer pụrụ iche. Na usoro nhazi, nchebe na-echebe, na-egbu mgbu, wdg. Mpempe akwụkwọ ntụ ntụ mmiri a mịrị amị bụ ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị n'okpuru 80 ~ 100mm chikọtara ọnụ. A na-agbanye irighiri ihe ndị a na mmiri ma na-etolite ma nwekwaa mmachi dị ukwuu karịa ihe emulsion mbụ. Mgbasa a ga-etolite ihe nkiri mgbe akpịrị na-egbu egbu. Ihe nkiri a dị ka ndị na-agbagha agbagha dị ka usoro ihe nkiri emulsion, ma ọ gaghị emegharị mgbe ọ na-ezute mmiri. Chụsasị.
Enwere ike kewaa ntụ ntụ roba na-acha uhie uhie na: cyrene-contronin coplonion, carboniary-bọọdụ, silicone na nke a, silicone laurate, wdg. A na-anyadokwa iji meziwanye arụmọrụ. Usoro mgbanwe dị iche iche na-eme ka ntụ ntụ na-achagharị agbanwe agbanwe dị ka ihe dị iche iche dị ka mmiri na-eguzogide, na-eguzogide na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Nwere vinyl reurate na silicone, nke nwere ike ime ntụ ntụ ahụ nwere ezigbo hydrophodicity. Ahịhịa ụlọ carbonate nke ukwuu na ezigbo TG dị ala na ezigbo mgbanwe.
Mgbe a na-etinye ụdị ntụ ntụ nke roba ndị a, ha niile nwere mmetụta na-egbu oge na oge nrụzi, mana nsonaazụ oge na-egbu oge dị obere karịa nke itinye ya na ntinye nke emulsions. Tụnyere, Stryrene-Beedine nwere mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu, na ethylene-vinyl-vinyl nwere mmetụta dị nta nke ọma. Ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ dị obere, mmetụta nke imezi arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha apụtaghị.
Eriri polypropylene
A na-eme eriri polypropylene nke polypropylene dị ka akụrụngwa na ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị. Ihe dayameta ahụ bụ ihe dị ka micron 40, ike tensile dị 300 ~ 40000MPA, na-agbadata modulu bụ 15 ~ 18%. Nchikota oru ya:
(1) A na-ekekọta eriri nke polypropylene na-ekesara ya na akụkụ atọ na-enweghị usoro na ngwa agha, na-akpụ usoro nkwado netwọk. Ọ bụrụ na 1 n'arọ nke polypropylene agbakwunyere na undị a ga-enwetara eriri ọ bụla.
(2) ịgbakwunye eriri polypylene na ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike belata cracks na-agbada nke ngwa agha na steeti rọba. Ma a na-ahụkwa cracks ndị a ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Ma ọ nwere ike belata agba ọbara ọbara na mmezi nke ngwa ngwa ọhụrụ.
(3) maka mkpara ahụ siri ike, eriri polypropylene nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nrụrụ nrụrụ. Nke ahụ bụ, mgbe ndị agha ahụ na-eme ka nrụgide na-eweta nrụgide n'ihi mmezi, ọ nwere ike iguzogide ma bufee nrụgide. Mgbe ụkọ ahụ na-agbaji ozu, ọ nwere ike ịghasa itinye uche na ngagharị nke mgbape ahụ ma gbochie mgbasawanye mgbaasị.
(4) A na-ekesa nke polypropyyyyyyyyylene n'ime ngwa agha ga-aghọ nsogbu siri ike. Mixgwakọta akụrụngwa, ụdị eriri na usoro onunu ogwu, ngwa agha ga-abụ ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta mgbasa.
A na-akpọbata ikuku
Air-na-abanye na-abanye na-abanye na ya bụ ụdị Surcractant nke nwere ike ịmepụta afụ ikuku na ihe ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ ngwa agha site na iji usoro anụ ahụ. Nke kachasị gụnyere: ROSIL na ya, ndị na-abụghị nke Ioctactants, alkylbantene sulfonates, lignosulfotates, croxylic acid na nnu ha, wdg.
A na-ejikarị ndị mmadụ na-abanye na ikuku na-akwado ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na ngwa agha nke Mason. N'ihi mgbakwunye nke onye na-abanye ụgbọ elu, a ga-eweta mgbanwe ụfọdụ na arụmọrụ agha.
(1) N'ihi iwebata ikuku ikuku, dị mfe ma na-ewu mmiri nwere ike ịba ụba, ma enwere ike belata ọbara ọgbụgba.
(2) naanị iji onye na-abanye na ikuku na-eme ka ike na-agbanwe ike na ngwa agha. Ọ bụrụ na eji ihe na-abanye na ikuku na-egbochi mmiri, yana oke kwesịrị ekwesị, uru ike agaghị emebi.
(3) Ọ nwere ike ime ka ntu oyi na-eguzogide ntụda siri ike, melite ezughị okè nke ngwa agha, ma meziwanye nguzogide mmegide nke ngwaike ndị siri ike.
(4) Onye na - abanye na ikuku ga - abawanye ọdịnaya ikuku nke ngwa agha, nke ga - eme ka ọ dị ụtọ nke ngwa agha, yana itinye ọnụ ahịa kwesịrị ekwesị site na ịgbakwunye mmiri na - ebelata.
Ebe ọ bụ na ego nke onye na-adọba ụgbọala na-agbakwunye obere, n'ozuzu na-ekwutara ya na puku iri abụọ nke ngụkọta ihe omume ciment, a ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-agwakọta ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma gwakọta ya n'oge mmepụta mmiri. Ihe ndị dị ka usoro na - akpali akpali na oge na - akpali akpali ga - emetụta oke ikuku na - abanye. Ya mere, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụlọ na nke ugbu a, na-agbakwunye ndị nnọchi anya na-abanye na ngwa agha ahụ chọrọ ọtụtụ ọrụ nnwale.
Onye isi ike
A na-ejikarị ndị ọrụ na-eme ihe na - eme ka ọrụ dị iche iche meziwanye ike nke mbụ, na - abụkarị sodium soling, sodium sulfate na potassium aluminom sulfate.
A na-ejikarị sodium sọsd'dium sọsdroat, na usoro ọgwụgwọ ya dị ala, ma ọ bụrụ na usoro nrụpụta ahụ, nke ga-emetụta ọdịdị ya na nsonaazụ nke oyido oyi.
Kọwaa ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo onye na-ahụ maka antifonelsized. Ọ nwere ezigbo mmalite si arụ ọrụ, nsonaazụ dị obere, njikọ dị ezigbo mma na-adọrọ mmasị ndị ọzọ, na ọtụtụ ihe dị mma karịa ka ike gwụsịrị, ma ọnụahịa dị elu.
antifirizi
Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ngwa agha ahụ na ọnọdụ adịghị mma, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị usoro antiferde na-ewere, mbibi ga-eme na ike nke ahụ ndị gbasiri ike. Antiffeze na-egbochi mmebi kewapụ n'ụzọ abụọ iji gbochie kefriza na imeziwanye ngwa agha.
N'etiti ndị ọrụ antifrheres, Calcium nitrite na sodium nitrite nwere mmetụta kachasị mma. Ebe ọ bụ na osisi nitrim anaghị enwe potassium na sodium eyịm, ọ nwere ike belata ihe omume alkali mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe na ngwa agha, ebe sodium nitrite nwere ọrụ dị mma. A na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi na-ejikọ ya na onye na-elekọta ya na mmiri na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè. Mgbe a gwakọtara ngwa ngwa a gwakọtara na antiferded na-eji okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ngwakọta kwesịrị ịba ụba nke ọma, dị ka ịgwakọta mmiri ọkụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ego nke mgbochi dị oke elu, ọ ga-ebelata ike nke ngwa agha na-enwe ike ịlaghachi na-alọta Alkali, nke ga-emetụta ọdịdị na nsonaazụ ịchọ mma.
Oge post: Jan-16-2023