Nkwadebe nke carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)bụ polymer dị iche iche na-edozi mmiri nke sitere na cellulose, nke bụ polysaccharide sitere n'okike dị na mgbidi cell osisi. CMC na-achọta ngwa dị ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere nri, ọgwụ, ihe ịchọ mma, textiles, akwụkwọ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi ihe ndị pụrụ iche ya dị ka ịgbatị, nkwụsi ike, njikọ, imepụta ihe nkiri, na njide mmiri. Nkwadebe nke CMC gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro na-amalite site na mmịpụta nke cellulose sitere na isi mmalite ndị na-esote mgbanwe ya iji webata otu carboxymethyl.

1. Mwepụta nke cellulose:
Nzọụkwụ mbụ n'ime nkwadebe nke CMC bụ mmịpụta nke cellulose sitere na isi mmalite ndị dị ka osisi pulp, linters owu, ma ọ bụ eriri osisi ndị ọzọ. A na-enwetakarị cellulose site na usoro dị iche iche gụnyere pulping, ịcha ọcha, na nchacha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike nweta pulp osisi site na usoro nhazi ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ sochiri ya na ịcha ọcha na chlorine ma ọ bụ hydrogen peroxide iji wepụ adịghị ọcha na lignin.

2. Ịgbalite Cellulose ọrụ:
Ozugbo ewepụtara cellulose, ọ dị mkpa ka ọ rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka iwebata otu carboxymethyl dị mfe. A na-enwetakarị ọrụ site n'ịgwọ cellulose na alkali dị ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ma ọ bụ sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) n'okpuru ọnọdụ a na-achịkwa nke okpomọkụ na nrụgide. Ọgwụ alkali na-aza eriri cellulose ma na-abawanye mmeghachi omume ha site na imebi njikọ intra na intermolecular hydrogen.

3. Mmeghachi omume Carboxymethylation:
A na-edobe cellulose na-arụ ọrụ na mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation ebe a na-ewebata otu carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) na otu hydroxyl nke agbụ cellulose. A na-eme mmeghachi omume a site na iji sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) meghachi omume cellulose na-arụ ọrụ n'ihu ihe na-akpata alkaline dị ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Enwere ike ịnọchite anya mmeghachi omume dị ka ndị a:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

A na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume gụnyere ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, oge mmeghachi omume, ntinye nke reagents na pH iji hụ na mkpụrụ dị elu na ogo nke nnọchi (DS) nke na-ezo aka na nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carboxymethyl otu ewepụtara kwa glucose nkeji nke cellulose yinye.

4. Nnọpụiche na ịsa:
Mgbe mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation gasịrị, a na-ewepụ carboxymethyl cellulose nke na-esi na ya wepụ alkali na chloroacetic acid na-emeghị eme. A na-enweta nke a site na ịsacha ngwaahịa ahụ na mmiri ma ọ bụ ngwọta acid dilute na-esote filtration iji kewapụ CMC siri ike na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume.

5. Ọcha:
A na-eji mmiri na-asachapụ CMC ahụ dị ọcha ọtụtụ oge iji wepụ adịghị ọcha dị ka nnu, reagents na-adịghị emezigharị, na ngwa ahịa. Enwere ike iji nzacha ma ọ bụ centrifugation rụọ ọrụ iji kewaa CMC dị ọcha na mmiri ịsa ahụ.

6. ihicha:
N'ikpeazụ, carboxymethyl cellulose dị ọcha akpọnwụwo iji wepụ mmiri fọdụrụnụ wee nweta ngwaahịa a chọrọ n'ụdị ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granules. Enwere ike imezu ihicha site na iji ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka ihicha ikuku, ihicha oghere, ma ọ bụ ihicha mmiri na-adabere na njirimara achọrọ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.

7. Njiri mara na njikwa ogo:
Nke akpọnwụwoCMCA na-edobe ngwaahịa n'usoro njirimara dị iche iche dị ka Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), resonance magnetik (NMR), na viscosity nha iji kwado usoro kemịkalụ ya, ogo nke nnọchi, ịdị arọ molekụla na ịdị ọcha. A na-eme ule njikwa ogo iji hụ na ngwaahịa a mezuru nkọwapụta achọrọ maka ngwa echere.

nkwadebe nke carboxymethyl cellulose gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro gụnyere mmịpụta nke cellulose sitere na isi mmalite, ịgbalite, mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation, neutralization, ịdị ọcha, ihicha, na njirimara. Nzọụkwụ ọ bụla chọrọ iji nlezianya na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na parampat iji nweta mkpụrụ dị elu, ogo ngbanwe achọrọ, na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. CMC bụ polymer a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke nwere ngwa dị iche iche n'ihi njirimara pụrụ iche na ntụgharị ya.