Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (a makwaara dị ka: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium nnu nke Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke a na-eji n'ụwa taa ụdị cellulose.
CMC-Na maka nkenke, bụ ihe nrụpụta cellulose nwere ogo glukos polymerization nke 100-2000, yana mkpokọta molecular nke 242.16. Ọcha fibrous ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ granular. Enweghị isi, enweghị ụtọ, enweghị ụtọ, hygroscopic, enweghị ike ime na ihe mgbaze organic.
Njirimara ndị bụ isi
1. Ọdịdị molekụla nke sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Germany bụ nke mbụ mepụtara ya na 1918, e mekwara ya patent na 1921 wee pụta n'ụwa. Emepụtala mmepụta azụmahịa na Europe. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ naanị crude ngwaahịa, eji dị ka colloid na ihe nkedo. Site na 1936 ruo 1941, nyocha ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na-arụsi ọrụ ike, e mepụtakwara ọtụtụ patent na-akpali akpali. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Germany ji sodium carboxymethylcellulose mee ihe n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta sịntetik. Hercules mere sodium carboxymethylcellulose na nke mbụ ya na United States na 1943, wee mepụta sodium carboxymethylcellulose a nụchara anụcha na 1946, bụ nke a ghọtara dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri dị nchebe. Obodo m malitere ịnakwere ya n'afọ ndị 1970, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe na 1990s. Ọ bụ cellulose kasị eji na nke kasị ukwuu n'ụwa taa.
Usoro nhazi: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Usoro ihe omimi: C8H11O7Na
Ngwaahịa a bụ nnu sodium nke cellulose carboxymethyl ether, eriri anionic
2. Ọdịdị nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ngwaahịa a bụ nnu sodium nke cellulose carboxymethyl ether, anionic cellulose ether, ọcha ma ọ bụ milky na-acha ọcha fibrous ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granule, njupụta 0.5-0.7 g / cm3, fọrọ nke nta ka odorless, enweghị ụtọ, hygroscopic. Ọ dị mfe ịgbasa n'ime mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ngwọta colloidal transperent, ọ na-esikwaghị ike na ihe mgbaze organic dị ka ethanol [1]. pH nke 1% ngwọta mmiri bụ 6.5-8.5, mgbe pH> 10 ma ọ bụ <5, viscosity nke mucilage na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na arụmọrụ kachasị mma mgbe pH = 7. N'ịbụ onye na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, viscosity na-ebili ngwa ngwa n'okpuru 20 ° C, na-agbanwe nwayọọ nwayọọ na 45 ° C. Igwe ọkụ na-adịte aka karịa 80 Celsius nwere ike denature colloid ma belata viscosity na arụmọrụ. Ọ na-adị mfe sorrel na mmiri, na ngwọta bụ uzo; ọ na-akwụsi ike na ngwọta alkaline, ma ọ na-adị mfe hydrolyzed mgbe ọ na-ezute acid, ọ ga-akpalite mgbe pH uru bụ 2-3, na ọ ga-emeghachi omume na polyvalent metal salts.
Ebumnuche bụ isi
A na-eji ya dị ka onye na-ebu ibu na ụlọ ọrụ nri, dị ka onye na-ebu ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, yana dịka onye na-ekekọta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta kwa ụbọchị. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa, a na-eji ya dị ka colloid na-echebe maka nha nha na mpempe akwụkwọ. N'ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, enwere ike iji ya dị ka akụkụ nke mmiri na-agbaji agbaji mmanụ. [2]
Enweghị ndakọrịta
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose ekwekọghị na ngwọta acid siri ike, iron salts soluble iron salts, na ụfọdụ ọla ndị ọzọ dị ka aluminom, mercury, na zinc. Mgbe pH na-erughị 2, na mgbe agwakọta ya na 95% ethanol, mmiri ozuzo ga-eme.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ike ịmepụta co-agglomerates na gelatin na pectin, ma nwee ike ịmepụta ogige na collagen, nke nwere ike ịmalite ụfọdụ protein ndị akwụ ụgwọ.
nka
CMC na-abụkarị ogige polymer anionic nke a kwadebere site n'imeghachi cellulose eke na caustic alkali na monochloroacetic acid, nke nwere ibu molekụla nke 6400 (± 1 000). Ihe ndị bụ isi na-emepụta bụ sodium chloride na sodium glycolate. CMC bụ nke mgbanwe cellulose eke. Òtù nri na ọrụ ugbo nke United Nations (FAO) na World Health Organisation (WHO) akpọla ya n'ihu ọha " cellulose gbanwere".
Isi ihe na-egosi iji tụọ ogo CMC bụ ogo nnọchi (DS) na ịdị ọcha. N'ozuzu, ihe onwunwe nke CMC dị iche iche ma ọ bụrụ na DS dị iche; ọkwa dị elu nke ngbanwe, otú ahụ ka ike na-esiwanye ike, na mma nghọta na nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta. Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, nghọta nke CMC ka mma mgbe ogo nke nnọchi bụ 0.7-1.2, na viscosity nke ngwọta mmiri ya bụ nke kasị ukwuu mgbe pH uru bụ 6-9. Iji hụ na àgwà ya dị mma, na mgbakwunye na nhọrọ nke onye na-ahụ maka etherification, a ga-atụlekwa ihe ụfọdụ na-emetụta ogo nke nnọchi na ịdị ọcha, dị ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnụọgụ alkali na etherification, oge etherification, ọdịnaya mmiri n'ime. usoro, okpomọkụ, pH uru, ngwọta Ntụkwasị obi na nnu wdg.
ka ọ dị na mbụ
Iji dozie ụkọ akụrụngwa (owu a nụchara anụcha nke ejiri akwa owu mee), n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ ngalaba nyocha sayensị na mba m ejirila ụlọ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu iji ahịhịa osikapa, owu n'ala (owu mkpofu), na ahịhịa ahịhịa. iji mepụta CMC nke ọma. A na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nke ukwuu, nke na-emepe ụzọ ọhụrụ nke akụrụngwa maka mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke CMC ma ghọta na iji ihe onwunwe eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu. N'otu aka ahụ, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta na-ebelata, na n'aka nke ọzọ, CMC na-etolite n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Nnyocha na mmepe nke CMC na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe nke teknụzụ mmepụta dị ugbu a na mmepụta nke usoro mmepụta ihe, yana ngwaahịa CMC ọhụrụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche, dị ka usoro "usoro mgbaze-slurry" [3] nke emepụtara nke ọma. mba ofesi ma ejirila ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. A na-emepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke CMC gbanwetụrụ na nkwụsi ike dị elu. N'ihi na elu ogo nke nnọchi na ndị ọzọ edo nkesa nke substituents, ọ ga-eji na a wider nso nke ulo oru mmepụta ubi na mgbagwoju ojiji gburugburu izute elu usoro chọrọ. Na mba ụwa, a na-akpọkwa ụdị CMC ọhụrụ a "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
nchekwa
Nchekwa dị elu, ADI adịghị mkpa iwu, na ụkpụrụ mba ka emepụtara [4].
ngwa
Ngwaahịa a nwere ọrụ nke njide, ịgba, ike, emulsifying, mmiri na-ejigide na nkwusioru.
Ngwa nke CMC na nri
FAO na WHO akwadola iji CMC dị ọcha na nri. A kwadoro ya ka emechara nyocha na ule toxicological siri ike. Ihe oriri dị mma (ADI) nke ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa bụ 25mg/(kg·d) , nke ahụ bụ ihe dịka 1.5 g/d kwa onye. A kọwo na ụfọdụ ndị enweghị mmeghachi omume nsí mgbe oriri ruru kilogram 10. CMC abụghị naanị ezigbo emulsification stabilizer na thickener na ngwa nri, kamakwa ọ nwere ezigbo oyi na nkwụsi ike na-agbaze, ma nwee ike melite ekpomeekpo nke ngwaahịa ahụ ma gbatịa oge nchekwa. Ọnụ ego a na-eji na mmiri ara ehi soy, ice cream, ice cream, jelii, mmanya, na mkpọ bụ ihe dịka 1% ruo 1.5%. CMC nwekwara ike na-etolite nkwụsi ike emulsified dispersion na mmanya, soy sauce, akwukwo nri mmanụ, mkpụrụ osisi ihe ọṅụṅụ, gravy, akwukwo nri ihe ọṅụṅụ, wdg, na onunu ogwu bụ 0,2% ka 0,5%. Karịsịa, ọ nwere ọmarịcha emulsifying arụmọrụ maka anụmanụ na akwukwo nri mmanụ, protein na aqueous ngwọta, na-enyere ya na-etolite a homogeneous emulsion na mụ arụmọrụ. N'ihi nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi ya, usoro ADI ejedebeghị usoro ọgwụgwọ ya. CMC na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta na nri ubi, na-eme nnyocha na ngwa nke sodium carboxymethylcellulose na mmepụta mmanya.
Ojiji nke CMC na ọgwụ
Na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, enwere ike iji ya dị ka emulsion stabilizer maka injections, ihe nkedo na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri maka mbadamba nkume. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ egosila na CMC bụ onye na-ebu ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa cancer na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya site na nyocha ndị bụ isi na nke anụmanụ. N'iji CMC dị ka akpụkpọ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ, a na-emezi usoro onunu ogwu nke Chinese omenala Yangyin Shengji Powder, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, maka dermabrasion ọrụ ọnyá na traumatic ọnya. Ihe omumu ihe omuma nke umu anumanu egosila na ihe nkiri a na-egbochi oria ọnya ma enweghi ihe di iche na akwa gauze. N'ihe gbasara ịchịkwa ọnya anụ ahụ exudation na ọgwụgwọ ọnya ngwa ngwa, ihe nkiri a dị mma karịa uwe akwa gauze, ma nwee mmetụta nke ibelata edema postoperative na iwe ọnya. Nkwadebe ihe nkiri nke mmanya polyvinyl: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene na nha nke 3: 6: 1 bụ ndenye ọgwụ kachasị mma, na ntinye na ntọhapụ na ọnụego abụọ na-abawanye. Adhesion nke nkwadebe, oge obibi nke nkwadebe na oghere ọnụ na ịdị irè nke ọgwụ na nkwadebe na-emeziwanye nke ọma. Bupivacaine bụ ọgwụ anestetiiki dị ike na mpaghara, mana mgbe ụfọdụ ọ nwere ike mepụta mmetụta dị njọ nke obi na akwara mgbe nsị. Ya mere, ebe a na-ejikarị bupivacaine eme ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ, nyocha na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke mmeghachi omume ya na-egbu egbu ka a na-akwụ ụgwọ karịa. Ọmụmụ ọgwụ egosila na CIVIC dị ka ihe ntọhapụ na-adịgide adịgide emebere na ngwọta bupivacaine nwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke ọgwụ ahụ nke ọma. Na ịwa ahụ PRK, iji tetracaine dị ala na ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali na-abụghị steroidal jikọtara ya na CMC nwere ike belata mgbu mgbu mgbe ịwachara ahụ. Mgbochi nke nrapanye peritoneal mgbe arụchara ọrụ na mbelata nkwụsị nke eriri afọ bụ otu n'ime nsogbu kachasị emetụta na ịwa ahụ. Nnyocha egosiwo na CMC dị mma karịa sodium hyaluronate n'ibelata ogo nke adhesions peritoneal postoperative, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ụzọ dị irè iji gbochie ihe omume nke adhesions peritoneal. A na-eji CMC eme ihe na infusion hepatic arterial infusion nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa cancer maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa imeju, nke nwere ike ịgbatị oge obibi nke ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa cancer na etuto ahụ, kwalite ike mgbochi tumo, ma melite mmetụta ọgwụgwọ. Na ọgwụ anụmanụ, CMC nwekwara ọtụtụ ojiji. A kọwo [5] na ntinye intraperitoneal nke 1% CMC ngwọta na atụrụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'igbochi dystocia na adhesions nke afọ mgbe ịwa ahụ na-amụ nwa n'ime anụ ụlọ.
CMC na ngwa mmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ
Na nchacha, CMC nwere ike iji dị ka ihe mgbochi redeposition ala, karịsịa maka hydrophobic sịntetik eriri ákwà, nke dị nnọọ mma karịa carboxymethyl eriri.
Enwere ike iji CMC chebe olulu mmanụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka apịtị na-ejide mmiri na-egwupụta mmanụ. Usoro maka olulu mmiri mmanụ ọ bụla bụ 2.3t maka olulu mmiri na-emighị emi na 5.6t maka olulu mmiri miri emi;
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwa, a na-eji ya dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ maka ibipụta na ịcha akwa, mbipụta textile na imecha isi ike. Mgbe a na-eji ya dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, ọ nwere ike imeziwanye solubility na viscosity, ma dị mfe desizing; dị ka onye na-esi ike, usoro ọgwụgwọ ya karịrị 95%; mgbe a na-eji ya dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, ike na mgbanwe nke ihe nkiri nha na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma; ya na fibroin silk eweghachitere A na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ mejupụtara nke carboxymethyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka matrix maka ime ka glucose oxidase ghara imegharị ya, na glucose oxidase na ferrocene carboxylate na-eme ka ọ ghara imegharị ya, na biosensor glucose mere nwere mmetụta dị elu na nkwụsi ike. Nnyocha egosiwo na mgbe a na-akwadebe silica gel homogenate na ngwọta CMC nke nwere ihe dị ka 1% (w / v), arụmọrụ chromatographic nke efere dị nro dị njikere bụ ihe kacha mma. N'otu oge ahụ, efere dị nro na-ekpuchi n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị mma nwere ike oyi akwa kwesịrị ekwesị, dị mma maka usoro nlele dị iche iche, dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ. CMC nwere adhesion na ọtụtụ eriri ma nwee ike melite njikọ n'etiti eriri. Nkwụsi ike nke viscosity ya nwere ike hụ na ịdị n'otu nke nha nha, si otú a na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ịkwa ákwà. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-emecha ihe maka akwa akwa, karịsịa maka njedebe na-adịgide adịgide na-egbochi wrinkle, nke na-eweta mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide na akwa ákwà.
Enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe dị ka onye na-egbochi sedimentation, emulsifier, dispersant, leveling agent, na nrapado maka mkpuchi. Ọ nwere ike ime ka ọdịnaya siri ike nke mkpuchi na-ekesa nke ọma na ihe mgbaze, nke mere na mkpuchi ahụ adịghị ehichapụ ogologo oge. A na-ejikwa ya agba agba. .
Mgbe CMC na-eji dị ka flocculant, ọ dị irè karịa sodium gluconate na-ewepụ calcium ion. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka mgbanwe cation, ikike mgbanwe ya nwere ike iru 1.6 ml / g.
A na-eji CMC eme ihe dị ka onye na-emepụta akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike akọrọ na ike mmiri nke akwụkwọ, yana nguzogide mmanụ, ntinye ink na nkwụsị mmiri.
A na-eji CMC eme ihe dị ka hydrosol na ịchọ mma yana dị ka thickener na ntacha eze, na usoro onunu ogwu bụ ihe dịka 5%.
Enwere ike iji CMC dị ka flocculant, onye na-ahụ maka chelating, emulsifier, thickener, onye na-ejigide mmiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri, wdg, a na-ejikwa ya na ngwa elektrọn, pesticides, akpụkpọ anụ, plastik, ibipụta, ceramik, ntacha eze, kwa ụbọchị. kemịkalụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ , na n'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị mma na ọtụtụ ojiji, ọ na-emepe oghere ngwa ọhụrụ mgbe niile, atụmanya ahịa dị oke oke.
Mkpachapụ anya
(1) Nkwekọrịta nke ngwaahịa a na acid siri ike, alkali siri ike, na ion metal dị arọ (dị ka aluminom, zinc, mercury, silver, iron, wdg) bụ contraindicated.
(2) Nri a na-anabata nke ngwaahịa a bụ 0-25mg/kg·d.
Ntuziaka
Gwakọta CMC na mmiri ozugbo iji mee gluu pasty maka ojiji emechaa. Mgbe ị na-ahazi gluu CMC, buru ụzọ tinye ụfọdụ mmiri dị ọcha n'ime tankị batching na ngwaọrụ na-akpali akpali, na mgbe a na-agbanye ngwaọrụ ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-efesa CMC n'ime tankị batching, na-emegharị na-aga n'ihu, nke mere na CMC zuru ezu. na mmiri, CMC nwere ike gbaze kpamkpam. Mgbe a na-agbaze CMC, ihe mere a ga-eji na-efesa ya nke ọma ma na-akpali ya mgbe niile bụ ka "igbochi nsogbu nke agglomeration, agglomeration, na ibelata ego CMC gbazere mgbe CMC zutere mmiri", na ịbawanye ọnụego mgbasa nke CMC. Oge ịkpali abụghị otu oge maka CMC ga-agbari kpamkpam. Ha bụ echiche abụọ. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, oge mkpali dị mkpụmkpụ karịa oge CMC ga-agbaze kpamkpam. Oge achọrọ maka abụọ ahụ dabere na ọnọdụ akọwapụtara.
Ihe ndabere maka ikpebi oge mkpali bụ: mgbeCMCna-agbasasị n'otu n'otu na mmiri ma ọ dịghị ihe doro anya nnukwu lumps, na-akpali akpali nwere ike kwụsị, ikwe ka CMC na mmiri banye na fuse na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na a guzo ọnọdụ.
Ndabere maka ikpebi oge achọrọ maka CMC ịgbari kpamkpam bụ ndị a:
(1) CMC na mmiri na-ejikọta kpamkpam, ọ dịghịkwa nkewa siri ike-mmiri n'etiti abụọ;
(2) Ngwakọta agwakọta dị n'otu ọnọdụ, na elu dị larịị ma dị larịị;
(3) Agba nke tapawa agwakọta dị nso na enweghị agba na nke doro anya, ọ nweghịkwa ihe ọ bụla granular na mado ahụ. Site na mgbe a na-etinye CMC n'ime tankị batching ma gwakọta ya na mmiri ruo mgbe CMC gbazere kpamkpam, oge achọrọ dị n'etiti awa 10 na 20.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-26-2024