Ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ akpọnwụ bụ ngwakọta nke ihe cimentious (ciment, ash uzuoku, ntụ ntụ slag, wdg), ihe nchịkọta pụrụ iche nke ọma (quartz ájá, corundum, wdg, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-achọ mkpokọta dị arọ, dị ka ceramsite, gbasaa polystyrene, wdg) Granules, gbasaa perlite, gbasaa vermiculite dị ka ihe na-edowe, na-agbasa vermiculite. nha, wee na-ejupụta ha na akpa, barel ma ọ bụ na-ebunye ya n'ọtụtụ na steeti ntụ ntụ akọrọ.
Dị ka ngwa ahụ si kwuo, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ngwa ahịa azụmahịa, dị ka ngwa ngwa akọrọ akọrọ maka masonry, akọrọ ntụ ntụ maka plasta, akọrọ ntụ ntụ maka ala, akwa ntụ ntụ pụrụ iche maka mkpuchi mmiri, nchekwa ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ịchịkọta, ngwa agha agwakọtara akọrọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ nkịtị (masonry, plastering and ground dry mixed mortar) na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ pụrụ iche. Ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ pụrụ iche gụnyere: ngwa agha na-eme ka onwe ya dị larịị, ihe ala na-eyi na-eguzogide, ala na-adịghị ere ọkụ, onye na-ahụ maka caulking inorganic, ngwa agha na-egbochi mmiri, ngwa agha resin plasta, ihe nchebe elu, ihe mkpuchi akwa akwa, wdg.
Ya mere, ọtụtụ ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ chọrọ admixtures nke ụdị dị iche iche na usoro dị iche iche nke ime ihe ka a ga-emepụta site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ule. E jiri ya tụnyere omenala ihe admixtures, akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha admixtures nwere ike na-eji na ntụ ntụ ụdị, na abuo, ha na-soluble na mmiri oyi, ma ọ bụ nke nta nke nta igbari n'okpuru edinam nke alkali na-egosipụta ha ruru mmetụta.
1. Thickerer, onye na-ejigide mmiri na stabilizer
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)nahydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)bụ ihe niile sitere n'okike polymer ihe (dị ka owu, wdg) Na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether emepụtara kemịkalụ ọgwụgwọ. A na-eji ha eme ihe site na mmiri oyi na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ, njide mmiri, njupụta, ịdị n'otu, imepụta ihe nkiri, mmanu mmanu, nkwụsi ike na-abụghị ionic na pH. Mmiri mmiri oyi nke ụdị ngwaahịa a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na ikike njigide mmiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ihe onwunwe na-eme ka ọ dị elu doro anya, dayameta nke ikuku ikuku ewepụtara dị ntakịrị, na mmetụta nke imeziwanye ike njikọ nke ngwa agha ahụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
Cellulose ether abụghị naanị nwere ụdị dị iche iche, kamakwa ọ nwere oke nha nke ịdị arọ molekụla na viscosity sitere na 5mPa. s ruo 200,000mPa. s, mmetụta na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha na ọhụrụ ogbo na mgbe hardening dịkwa iche. Ekwesịrị ịme ọtụtụ ule mgbe ị na-ahọrọ nhọrọ a kapịrị ọnụ. Họrọ ụdị cellulose dị iche iche nwere viscosity kwesịrị ekwesị na ịdị arọ molekụla, obere usoro onunu ogwu, na enweghị ihe na-enye ikuku. Naanị otu a ka enwere ike nweta ya ozugbo. Ezigbo teknuzu arụmọrụ, ma nwekwara ezi aku na uba.
2. Redispersible latex ntụ ntụ
Isi ọrụ nke thickener bụ imeziwanye njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike igbochi ngwa agha ahụ site na mgbawa (na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri evaporation) ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, a naghị eji ya eme ihe n'ozuzu ya dị ka ụzọ isi meziwanye ike, nkwụsị mgbawa na nkwụsị mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ. Aghọtala omume nke ịgbakwunye polymers iji meziwanye enweghị ike, ike siri ike, mgbape mgbape na mmetụta nguzogide nke ngwa agha na kọmpat. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eji polymer emulsions maka mgbanwe nke ciment ngwa agha na ciment ihe na-agụnye: neoprene roba emulsion, styrene-butadiene roba emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine ele mmadụ anya n'ihu roba emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, wdg Na mmepe nke nnyocha sayensị, ọ bụghị nanị na mgbanwe usoro mmekọrịta dị iche iche polymers, e nwekwara mgbanwe usoro n'etiti polymers. polymers na ciment, na simenti hydration ngwaahịa ka a mụọla usoro ọmụmụ. Nyocha na nyocha ndị ọzọ dị omimi, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke nchọpụta sayensị apụtala.
Enwere ike iji emulsion polymer mee ihe na-emepụta ngwa agha dị njikere, ma o doro anya na ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji ya mee ihe ozugbo na mmepụta nke akọrọ ntụ ntụ ntụ, ya mere, a mụrụ redispersible latex ntụ ntụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, uzuzu latex na-agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-eji na ntụ ntụ ntụ akọrọ gụnyere: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), wdg N'ime ha, vinyl acetate-etylene copolymer nwere oke ojiji.
Omume egosila na arụmọrụ nke redispersible latex ntụ ntụ kwụsiri ike, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta na-enweghị atụ na-eme ka ike dị ike nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ike ya dịkwuo ike, nrụrụ, nkwụsị mgbape na impermeability, wdg. Ịgbakwunye hydrophobic latex powder copolymerized by polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, vinyl absorption, etc. (n'ihi na ya hydrophobicity), na-eme ka ngwa agha ikuku-permeable na impermeable, na-eme ka ọ bụ ihu igwe na-eguzogide ma na-emeziwanye ike.
E jiri ya tụnyere imeziwanye ike mgbanwe na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha na ibelata nhịkọ ya, mmetụta nke ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ịkwalite njide mmiri nke ngwa agha na ịkwalite njikọ ya nwere oke. Ebe ọ bụ na mgbakwunye nke uzuzu latex redispersible nwere ike ịgbasa ma mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ikuku ikuku na ngwakọta ngwa agha, mmetụta ya na-ebelata mmiri na-apụta ìhè. N'ezie, n'ihi usoro adịghị mma nke ikuku ikuku ewepụtara, mmetụta mbelata mmiri emeghị ka ike dịkwuo mma. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ike nke ngwa agha ahụ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya ntụ ntụ latex na-emegharịghachi. Ya mere, na mmepe nke ụfọdụ ngwa agha ndị dị mkpa iji tụlee ike mkpakọ na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịgbakwunye defoamer n'otu oge iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke uzuzu latex na ike mgbagwoju anya na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ngwa agha.
3. Defoamer
N'ihi mgbakwunye nke cellulose, starch ether na ihe polymer, ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị elu na-abawanye, nke na-emetụta ike mkpakọ, ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha n'otu aka, ma na-ebelata modul na-agbanwe ya; N'aka nke ọzọ , Ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọdịdị nke ngwa agha ahụ, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa iji kpochapụ ikuku ikuku na-ebute na ngwa agha. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ndị defoamers akọrọ akọrọ na-ebubata na China iji dozie nsogbu a, ma a ghaghị iburu n'obi na n'ihi nnukwu viscosity nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ahịa, mkpochapụ nke ikuku ikuku abụghị ọrụ dị mfe.
4. Onye na-egbochi sagging
Mgbe ị na-amanye taịlị seramiiki, bọọdụ polystyrene na-afụ ụfụfụ, na itinye rọba ntụ ntụ polystyrene bụ ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi, nnukwu nsogbu chere ihu na-ada. Omume egosila na ịgbakwunye starch ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin na montmorillonite bụ ihe dị irè iji dozie nsogbu nke ngwa agha daa ma e wuchaa ya. Isi ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu nke sagging bụ ịbawanye nrụgide mbụ nke ngwa agha, ya bụ, ịbawanye thixotropy ya. N'ime ngwa ndị bara uru, ọ dịghị mfe ịhọrọ ezigbo onye na-egbochi sagging, n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa iji dozie mmekọrịta dị n'etiti thixotropy, workability, viscosity na water demand.
5. Ọkpụkpụ
Ngwakọta nke plasta, tile grout, ngwa ngwa a na-achọ mma na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ nke a na-eji maka mgbidi mpụta nke usoro mkpuchi plasta dị mkpa dị mkpa maka ọrụ mgbochi mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri na-egbochi mmiri, nke na-achọ mgbakwunye nke onye na-egbochi mmiri powdery , ma ọ kwesịrị inwe àgwà ndị a: ② enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ na ike njikọ nke elu; ③ ụfọdụ ihe na-egbochi mmiri nke a na-ejikarị n'ahịa, dị ka calcium stearate, siri ike ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa gwakọta ya na ngwa ngwa ciment, ọ bụghị ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, karịsịa plasta maka ihe owuwu.
A na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta silane na nso nso a, nke bụ ngwaahịa silane na-emepụta ntụ ntụ nke na-enweta site na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi mmiri na-ekpuchi mmiri na-ekpochapụ colloid na mgbochi caking. Mgbe a gwakọtara ngwa ngwa ahụ na mmiri, shei colloid nchebe nke ihe na-egbochi mmiri na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri, ma hapụ silane ekpuchiri ya ka ọ gbasaa ya na mmiri ngwakọta. Na nnukwu alkaline gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe ciment hydration, na hydrophilic organic arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na silane na-hydrolyzed na-etolite ukwuu reactive silanol dị iche iche, na silanol iche iche na-aga n'ihu irreversibly meghachi omume na hydroxyl iche iche na ciment hydration ngwaahịa na-etolite chemical agbụ , nke mere na silane ejikọrọ ọnụ site cross-njikọ na-eguzosi ike na porement mgbidi n'elu nke cement. Dị ka hydrophobic organic na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-eche ihu n'èzí nke mgbidi pore, elu nke pores na-enweta hydrophobicity, si otú ahụ na-ebute mmetụta hydrophobic dum na ngwa agha ahụ.
6. Ubiquitin inhibitors
Erythrothenic alkali ga-emetụta ihe ịchọ mma nke simenti na-edozi ihe eji achọ mma, nke bụ nsogbu nkịtị na-achọ ka a dozie ya. Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi pantherine na-eme ka resin na-emepụta nke ọma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke bụ ntụ ntụ na-emegharị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ngwaahịa a dabara adaba maka iji mkpuchi mkpuchi enyemaka, putties, caulks ma ọ bụ imecha ngwa ngwa ma nwee ezigbo ndakọrịta na mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ.
7. Fiber
Ịtinye eriri kwesịrị ekwesị n'ime ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike ime ka ike nkwụsị ahụ dịkwuo elu, mee ka ike sie ike, ma melite nkwụsị mgbawa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị eriri sịntetik kemịkal na eriri osisi eme ihe na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ. Chemical sịntetik emep uta eri, dị ka polypropylene staple eriri, polypropylene staple eriri, wdg Mgbe elu mgbanwe, ndị a emep uta eri bụghị nanị nwere ezi dispersibility, ma nwere ala ọdịnaya, nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè melite plastic iguzogide na cracking arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha. The n'ibu Njirimara na-adịghị emetụta nke ukwuu. Dayameta nke eriri osisi dị ntakịrị, na ekwesịrị ịṅa ntị na mmụba nke mmiri na-achọ ngwa agha mgbe ị na-agbakwunye eriri osisi.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-26-2024