1. ụkpụrụ na nkwadebe nke cellulose ether
Ọgụgụ 1 na-egosi ụdị nhazi nke eyers cellulose. Ngalaba BD-Ahydrogslucose (nke na-emeghachi nke cellulose) dochie otu otu na c (2) na c (6) dị iche iche Eel. N'ihi ihe eji eme ihe na eriri eji eme iheOke cellomose, O siri ike inufe na mmiri na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụkwa ihe mgbaze niile. Okwu mmeghe nke otu Ether site na ihe eji eme ihe na-emebi ihe eji eme ya na intermogen hydrogecular, na-eme ka ya na-ekwesi ike na mgbasa ozi mmiri.
Otutu ndi eji eme ihe bu udiri anumanu di ala (1 rue 4 carbon atom) Nwere ike ịbụ nke otu, abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Na cellulose ígwè, otu Hydroxy Dị na C (2), c (3) na c (6) Ọnọdụ glucose nke ọ bụla. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ siri ike, e nwere celligul Ether anaghị enwe usoro kemịkalụ nke ọma, ma e wezụga ngwaahịa ndị ahụ na-ejikọkarị otu ụdị (a na-ejikọ ìgwè ndị ahụ. Enwere ike iji ngwaahịa ndị a wee nyochaa nyocha na nyocha, ma enweghị uru azụmahịa.
(a) General usoro nke nkeji abụọ nke mkpụrụ osisi nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, R1 ~ R6 = H, ma ọ bụ njiri mara;
(b) Ibepu akwa akwahydroxyethyth Celluse, ogo nke ihe nnọchi nke carroxyyyyylyl bụ 0.5, ogo nke dochie hydroxyethyl bụ 2.0, na ogo nke kpamkpam bụ 3.0. Ihe owuwu a na-anọchite anya ọkwa dị iche iche nke otu dị iche iche, mana ndị uwe ojii bụ n'ezie random.
N'ihi na ọ bụla dị mma, ngụkọta nchịkọta e gosipụtara site na ogo nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ DS. Onu ogugu ds 0 ~ 3, nke di na onu ogugu nke otu hydroxy site na ndi otu ihe nlere anya na ngalaba anhydrogluse.
N'ihi na hydroxyakyl Cellugul, mmeghachi omume ga-amalite ịmalite otu Hydyy Hydroxy ọhụrụ, ya bụ, nke ahụ bụ, uru mmiri nke ihe nnọchi ahụ. Ọ na-anọchi anya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị na-emegharị anya na-akwado onye na-emegharị anya na ngalaba anhydrog. A na-ahụkarị ihe bụ nke Ethlene Oxide na ngwaahịa nwere hydroxyethyl. Na eserese 1, uru nke ngwaahịa ahụ bụ 3.0.
Theonetically, enweghị oke dị elu maka uru MS. Ọ bụrụ na a maara uru DS uru nke ogo nke glucose nke ọ bụla na-emekwa ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche (WT%) iji nọchite anya ọkwa dị larịị na ogo kama ds na nke Ms. A pụrụ ịgbanwe ọtụtụ nkebi nke otu ọ bụla na DS ma ọ bụ uru ms nwere ike ịgbanwe site na ngụkọta dị mfe.
Imirikiti ndị na-eme ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi bụ mmiri na-agbanye mmiri, ụfọdụ na-esokwa ụfọdụ na-etu ọnụ na sontù sọks. Outher eathes nwere njirimara nke arụmọrụ dị elu, ọnụahịa dị ala, nhazi dị mfe, oke mma na ebe a na-achọkarị. Dịka onye ọkaibe nke inyeaka, out cell na-enwe nnukwu ngwa na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. enwere ike inweta site na MS / DS.
A na-ekewa ndị eters dị ka usoro kemịkalụ nke ndị a machibidoro na nnọkọ otu. A pụrụ ekewa ndị na-abụghị ndị nnọchi anya na-abụghị mmiri na-agbanye mmiri na mmanụ.
Ngwaahịa ndị a na-edepụtara na ngalaba dị elu na-edepụtara na akụkụ nke Isiokwu 1
A na-akpọ ndebiri nke ndị ejikọtara ọnụ dị ka usoro mkpụrụedemede ma ọ bụ ọkwa Ds (MSS), enwere ike ide ya dị ka Mhec Gosiputa ihe okike methyl.
A na-ejighị otu ihe na-ejikọ mkpụrụ osisi hydroxy na-adị mfe ikuku, a na-ebukarị usoro nzere na-adịkarị n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline, n'ozuzu na-eji ụfọdụ itinye uche na heoh, n'ozuzu ya. A na-ebu ụzọ kee cellolose na fallose cellose na ngwọta heoh a, ma na-enwe mmeghachi omume elele na onye ọrụ Ither. N'oge mmepụta na nkwadebe nke eyers agwakọta, a ga-eji ụdị ether dị iche iche a ga-eji n'otu oge, ma ọ bụ ihe elification kwesịrị rụrụ nzọụkwụ site na nri site na nri site na nri site na nri site na nri site na nri (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa). E nwere ụdị mmeghachi omume anọ na ogo nke Cellose, nke a chịrịtara site na mmeghachi omume (Cellusosic dochie anya cell -h) dị ka ndị a:
Hara nhata (1) na-akọwa mmeghachi omume Williamson. RX bụ ihe Esta acid, na x bụ Halogen br, cl ma ọ bụ sọlfọ acid Ester. A na-eji chloride R-cl na-ejikarị ụlọ ọrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Methyth chloride, ethyl chloride ma ọ bụ chlorocetic acid. A na-eri ego na-ada ada na mmeghachi omume dị egwu. The industrialized cellulose ether products methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose are the products of Williamson etherification reaction.
Usoro mmeghachi omume (2) bụ mgbakwunye mmeghachi omume nke Epoxodes Epoxhed Epoxhezed (dị ka r = h, Ch3, ma ọ bụ C2H5) na ndị otu celdlose na-enweghị mkpokọta. Mmeghachi omume a nwere ike ịga n'ihu dị ka otu Hydroxy ọhụrụ na-emepụta n'oge mmeghachi omume, azidine (Aziridine) ga-etolite Aninothyyl: Cell-O-O-ON2-NH2 . Ngwaahịa dị ka hydroxyethythythythythyth cellulose na hydroxybuuty cellulite bụ ihe niile nke Egosipụta Eserex.
Usoro mmeghachi omume (3) Taa ụdị mmeghachi omume a anaghị ejikarị ụlọ ọrụ.
Usoro mmeghachi omume (4), ethertalification na diazoakal na-arụpụtabeghị nke ọma.
- Ofdị Ethers Cell
Mkpụrụ osisi cell nwere ike ịbụ moniher ma ọ bụ agwakọta ya, na ihe ya dị iche. Enwere otu ihe dị ka ihe dị ka macromosecule macromosecule dị ala, nke nwere ike ịra ngwaahịa ya na ogo mmiri, dị ka methyl, wdg, wdg, wdg, wdg, wdg, wdg, wdg, wdg, wdg Nye ngwaahịa ụfọdụ solubality, na ngwaahịa dị ala na-eji naanị mmiri na mmiri ma ọ bụ enwere ike ịgbasa na ngwọta Alkali. Site na nyocha miri emi na Njirimara nke ebers cellususe, a ga-etolite ubi cellulose na akwụkwọ ha ngwa ngwa ma mepụta ya, ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala na-agbagha ahịa nke ngwa ngwa.
Iwu izu ụka nke mmetụta ndị otu na-agwakọta na-agwakọta na akụrụngwa edozi bụ:
1) Mee ka ọdịnaya nke otu hydrophobic dị na ngwaahịa ahụ ka ịbawanye hydrophobity nke ether na ibelata gel;
2.
3) Otu Hydroxyl Confrpropy, ma dịkwa mma hydropod nwere ike belata okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa a, ma na gel nke ngwaahịa a na-apụta, mana ọkwa dị elu ga-ebelata Gel isi ya; Ihe kpatara ya bu n'ihi udiri ogologo carbon pụrụ iche nke otu hydroxylyl, na-esighi ike hydrogecule na n'etiti akwara, na hydrodose di iche iche na alaka. Mmiri bụ isi. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na onye nnọchi anya dị elu, a ga-enwe polymerization n'akụkụ akụkụ, onye ikwu na otu hydroxy ga-ebelata, a ga-amụba ya.
Mmepụta na nyocha nkecellugul ethernwere ogologo akụkọ. N'afọ 1905, Suida buru ụzọ kọrọ ọkwa nke Cellulose, nke methyl na selfate sulfate. A na-ahụ maka ụdọ alkyl nke Lilionfeld (1912), Dreyfus (1914) na leuchs (1920) maka mmiri na-solulus, n'otu n'otu. Buchler na Gomberg mepụtara Benzylyth Cellulose na 1928, na Huben mepụtara hydroxyethythythythythylcelllose bụ nke azụmahịa na Germany. Site na 1937 ruo 1938, a ghọtara mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ nke Mc na HEC ghọtara na United States. Sweden malitere imepụta mmiri nke mmiri na 1945. Mgbe afọ 1945 gasịrị, mmepụta nke cellulose easted gbasaa ngwa ngwa na Western Europe, United States na Japan na Japan. Na njedebe nke 1957, a na-ebu ụzọ na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ Shanghai Celluloid. Ka ọ na-erule 2004, ikike imepụta obodo m ga-abụ tọn 30,000 nke ionic Ether na 10,000 tọn nke nether. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, ọ ga-eru 100,000 tọn ionic Ether na 40,000 tọn nke nether. Companieslọ ọrụ teknụzụ n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ na-apụta mgbe niile, na cellilọ ọrụ na-emepụta ike na ọkwa ọrụ aka na-adịwanye mma.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Cellutase na ndị a gwakọtara ọnụ, viscosities, viscosities, ịdị ọcha na ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na-aga n'ihu. Ugbu a, a na-elekwasị anya na ebumnuche nke mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose bụ ịhazi teknụzụ mmepụta dị elu, teknụzụ ọhụrụ, ngwaahịa dị elu, na ngwaahịa ngwaahịa kwesịrị nyocha nke ọma.
Oge Post: APR-28-2024