Cellulose bụ polysaccharide dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ nkeji glucose jikọtara ya na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic. Ọ bụ isi akụkụ nke mgbidi cell osisi ma na-enye mgbidi ụlọ osisi osisi nkwado siri ike na nkwado siri ike. N'ihi ogologo cellulose molecular chain na elu crystallinity, ọ nwere nkwụsi ike siri ike na insolubleness.
(1) Njirimara nke cellulose na ihe isi ike na igbari
Cellulose nwere ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ sie ike igbari:
Igwe kristal dị elu: Agbụ mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose na-etolite usoro lattice siri ike site na njikọ hydrogen na ndị agha van der Waals.
Ogo dị elu nke polymerization: Ogo nke polymerization (ntụgharị ogologo nke agbụ molekụla) nke cellulose dị elu, na-abụkarị site na narị otu narị ruo puku kwuru puku glucose, nke na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke molekul.
Netwọk njikọ hydrogen: Njikọ hydrogen dị n'etiti na n'ime agbụ molekul cellulose, na-eme ka o sie ike ibibi ma gbazee site na ihe mgbaze izugbe.
(2) Reagents na-agbari cellulose
Ugbu a, ndị amaara reagents nwere ike ịgbari cellulose nke ọma gụnyere ụdị ndị a:
1. Ionic Liquid
Mmiri mmiri ion bụ mmiri mmiri mejupụtara cations organic na organic ma ọ bụ anions inorganic, na-enwekarị mgbanwe dị ala, nkwụsi ike dị elu na nhazi dị elu. Ụfọdụ mmiri mmiri ionic nwere ike igbari cellulose, na usoro bụ isi bụ imebi njikọ hydrogen n'etiti ụdọ mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. Mmiri ionic na-emekarị nke na-agbaze cellulose gụnyere:
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] Cl): Mmiri ionic a na-agbaze cellulose site na iji njikọ hydrogen na cellulose na-emekọrịta ihe site na ndị nabatara njikọ hydrogen.
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] [Ac]): Mmiri ionic a nwere ike igbari nnukwu mkpokọta cellulose n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị nro.
2. Amine oxidant ngwọta
Amine oxidant ngwọta dị ka ngwakọta nke diethylamine (DEA) na ọla kọpa chloride ka a na-akpọ [Cu (II) -ammonium ngwọta], nke bụ ihe mgbaze siri ike nke nwere ike igbari cellulose. Ọ na-ebibi usoro kristal nke cellulose site na oxidation na hydrogen bonding, na-eme ka agbụ cellulose molecular dị nro ma na-agbaze.
3. Lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide (LiCl-DMAc).
Sistemu LiCl-DMAc (lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide) bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ama ama maka igbari cellulose. LiCl nwere ike ịmepụta asọmpi maka njikọ hydrogen, si otú ahụ na-ebibi njikọ njikọ hydrogen n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose, ebe DMAC dị ka ihe mgbaze nwere ike imekọrịta nke ọma na agbụ cellulose molecular.
4. Hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride ngwọta
Ihe ngwọta hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride bụ reagent achọpụtara na mbụ nke nwere ike igbari cellulose. Ọ nwere ike igbari cellulose site n'ịme nhazi nhazi n'etiti zinc chloride na cellulose chains, na hydrochloric acid na-emebi njikọ hydrogen n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. Otú ọ dị, ngwọta a bụ ihe na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu na ngwá ọrụ ma na-ejedebe na ngwa bara uru.
5. Fibrinolytic enzymes
Fibrinolytic enzymes (dị ka cellulases) agbaze cellulose site catalyzing mwepu nke cellulose n'ime obere oligosaccharides na monosaccharides. Usoro a nwere ọtụtụ ngwa dị iche iche n'ọhịa nke biodegradation na ntughari biomass, ọ bụ ezie na usoro mgbasa ya abụghị mgbasa nke kemịkal kpamkpam, ma a na-enweta ya site na biocatalysis.
(3) Usoro mgbasa nke cellulose
Reagents dị iche iche nwere usoro dị iche iche maka igbari cellulose, ma n'ozuzu ha nwere ike ịsị na isi ụzọ abụọ:
Nbibi nke njikọ hydrogen: Ibibie njikọ hydrogen dị n'etiti agbụ molekul cellulose site na nguzobe hydrogen na-asọmpi ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta ionic, na-eme ka ọ sie ike.
Ntụrụndụ nke yinye molecular: Ịbawanye nro nke ụdọ molekụla cellulose na ibelata kristal nke ụdọ molekụla site n'ụzọ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ, ka enwere ike gbaze ha na ihe mgbaze.
(4) Ngwa bara uru nke mgbasa cellulose
Mgbasa Cellulose nwere ngwa dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ mpaghara:
Nkwadebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose: Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị cellulose, ọ nwere ike ịmegharị ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche iji kwadebe cellulose ethers, cellulose esters na ihe ndị ọzọ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nri, ọgwụ, mkpuchi na ubi ndị ọzọ.
Ihe ndị dabeere na cellulose: Iji cellulose gbazere, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose membranes na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịkwadebe. Ihe ndị a nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ na biocompatibility.
Ike biomass: Site na igbari na imebi cellulose, enwere ike ịtụgharị ya ka ọ bụrụ shuga na-agba agba maka mmepụta nke biofuels dị ka bioethanol, nke na-enyere aka nweta mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke ume ọhụrụ.
Mgbasa cellulose bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ọtụtụ kemịkalụ na usoro anụ ahụ. Mmiri ionic, ihe ngwọta amino oxidant, sistemu LiCl-DMAc, ngwọta hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride na enzymes cellolytic ka amara ugbu a dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka igbari cellulose. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ya nwere usoro mgbasa ya pụrụ iche na mpaghara ngwa. Site na nyocha miri emi nke usoro mgbasa nke cellulose, a kwenyere na a ga-emepụta ụzọ mgbasawanye nke ọma na nke ọma na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-enye ohere ndị ọzọ maka iji na mmepe nke cellulose.
Oge nzipu: Jul-09-2024