Cellulose est complexu Polysaccharide composito ex multis GLYCOSA Unitates connected by β-1,4-glycosidic vincula. Est pelagus pars plantae cell muria et dat planta cell muros fortis structural firmamentum et lenta. Ob in longum cellulosose mocecular torquem et altum crystallining, quod habet fortis stabilitatem et insolubleness.
(I) proprietatibus Cellulose et difficultas in solisses
Cellulose habet sequentibus proprietatibus quae faciunt difficile ad dissolvere:
High Crystallinity: Cellulose Molecular vincula forma stricta cancellos structuram per hydrogenium vincula et van der Waals viribus.
High gradu polymerization gradu polymerization (id est longitudo mocecular torquem) de cellulosa est altum, plerumque vndique ex centum millia GLYCOSA unitates, quod auget stabilitatem moleculo.
Hydrogenii vinculo Network: Hydrogenium vincula late inter et in cellulosis Molecular vincula, faciens difficile destrui et dissolvi generali solvent.
(II) Reagents quod Dissolve Cellulose
Currently, notum reagentia, qui potest efficaciter dissolvere Cellulose maxime includit sequenti genera:
I. Ionicis liquida
Ionicis liquores liquores composito organicum cations et organicum vel inorganicis anions, plerumque cum humili volatility, excelsum scelerisque stabilitatem et altum prementia. Quidam ionicis liquores potest dissolvere Cellulose, et pelagus mechanism est ut conteram hydrogenii vincula inter Cellulose mulgaribus vincula. Communi Ionic liquida quod dissolvere Cellulose includit:
I-BUTYL-III-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim] Cl): Hic Ionic liquidum solvit Cellulose per interacting cum hydrogenii vincula in Cellulose per hydrogenii acceptores.
I-ethyl-III-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim] [n]): Hic ionicae liquidum potest dissolvere altus concentratione de Cellulose sub relative mitis conditionibus.
II. Amine oxidant solution
Amine oxidant solution talis ut mixta solutio diethylamine (dea) et aeris chloride dicitur [cu (II) -ammonium solution], quod est fortis solvendo ratio potest dissolvere Cellulose. Eam destruit crystal structuram celluloso per oxidatio et hydrogenii vinculum, faciens cellulosa mocecular torquer mollior et solutum.
III. Lithium chloride, Dimethylacetamide (LILL, DMAC) System
Quod licle, DMAC (Lithium chloride, Dimethylacetamide) ratio est unum de classic modi ad dissolvendum Cellulose. Lichl potest formare a competition pro hydrogenii vincula, ita destruens hydrogenii vinculo network inter Cellulose moleculis, dum DMAC ut solvendo potest penitus bene cum Cellulose Molecular torquem.
IV. Hydrochloric Acidum / cadmiae chloride solutio
Et hydrochloric acidum / cadmiae chloride solutio est mane inventa Reagent quod potest dissolvere Cellulose. Potest dissolvere Cellulose per formatam coordinatio effectus inter cadmiae chloride et cellulosose mulgetas vincula et hydrochloric acidum destruens hydrogenii vincula inter Cellulose moleculis. Sed hoc solutio est altus corrosiua ad apparatu et limitatur in practical applications.
V. Fibrinolytic Enzymes
Fibrinolytic enzymes (ut cellulases) dissolvere Cellulose per Catalyzing in compositione Cellulose in minor oligosaccharides et monosaccharides. Hoc modum habet amplis de applications in agros biodegradation et biomass conversionem, quamvis eius dissolutione processus non omnino chemical dissolution, sed effectum per biocatysysys.
(III) mechanism of Cellulose dissolution
Alia reagentia diversis mechanisms dissolvendi Cellulose, sed in generali possunt attribuitur duo machinationes;
Vinculum exitium hydrogenii vincula destruentes hydrogenii vincula cellulosa mulgetrum vincula in competitive hydrogenii vinculum formationem vel Ionic commercium, faciens illud solutum.
Molecular torquem relaxationem: augendae mollitie cellulosis mulgetas vincula et reducendo crystallinatum de mocecular vincula per corporalis vel chemical modo, ut non potest dissolvi in solvent.
(IV) practical applications de Cellulose dissolution
Cellulose dissolutio habet momenti applications in multis agris:
Praeparatio Cellulose derivationes: Post Dissolving Cellulose, potest esse adhuc chemica mutatio parare Cellulose aether, cellulosa esters et alia derivationes, quae late in cibis, medicina, quae late in cibis, medicina, quae late in cibis, medicina, quae late in cibis, medicina, quae late in cibis, medicina, quae late in cibis, coatings et aliis agris.
Cellulosose-fundatur materiae: usura dissolvi Cellulose, Cellulose nanofibers, cellulosa membranis et alia materiae potest parari. Haec materiae habent bonum mechanica proprietatibus et biocompatibility.
Biomass Energy: Per Dissolving et sordidum cellulosis, potest converti in fermentabili sugars pro productio Biofuels ut Bioethanol, quod adjuvat ad consequi progressionem et utendo renovabilis industria.
Cellulose dissolution est complexu processus involving multiple eget et corporalis machinationes. Ionicis liquida, amino oxidant solutions, licl-DMAC systems, hydrochloric acidum / cadmiae chloride solutions et celloytic enzymes sunt currently notum esse effective agentibus et dissolvat Cellulose. Quisque agente habet suum unique dissolutionem mechanism et applicationem agro. Cum in-profundum studio cellulosis dissolution mechanism, quod credendum est magis efficiens et environmentally amica dissolutione modos erit developed, providing magis possibilitates ad USUS et progressionem de Cellulose.
Post tempus: Jul-09-2024