Zochita zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomatira m'miyoyo yathu. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, imatha kugawidwa mu guluu wa umbanda, guluu sulu wamasamba ndi guluu. Guluu wa anyama limakhalanso guluu, guluu la mafupa, guluu la shelac, caplac, guluu, gululu la albumin, glank sodzon, etc.; Guluu wamasamba limaphatikizapo wowuma, dextrin, rosin, gum wachiarabu, rabara wachilengedwe, ndi zina.; Coundral imaphatikizapo sera mchere, phula. Chifukwa cha magwero ake, mtengo wotsika komanso poizoni wochepa, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamipando, kusungitsa malo, kukonza mapepala ndi ntchito.
Wokopa Wokopa
Pambuyo pa chotsatsa chomatira chimalowa m'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, ntchito yabwino yachilengedwe ikhale gawo lalikulu la zatsopanozi. Wowuma ndi poizoni, wopanda vuto, wotsika mtengo, wosavulaza komanso koopsa zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo womatira wapadziko lonse lapansi ukupanga njira yosungira mphamvu, mtengo wotsika, wopanda mphamvu, wopanda mphamvu kwambiri komanso wopanda zosuta.
Monga mtundu wa zogulitsa zachilengedwe, zokopa zokopa zimakopa chidwi kwambiri ndi malonda omatira. Mpaka pamene kugwiritsa ntchito zokopa zowoneka bwino kumakhudzidwa, chiyembekezo chokhala okhwima, osasunthika osakanizidwa ndi chimanga chowuma chimakhala cholonjeza, ndipo kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndi ochulukirapo.
Posachedwa, wowuma monga zomatira amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapepala ndi mapepala, monga mapepala osindikizira, kuyika ma envun, thumba la pepala, lopindika kwambiri, etc.
Zosadabwitsa zingapo zowoneka bwino zimayambitsidwa pansipa:
Oxidid studid glive
Gelatinizer adakonzekereratu kuchokera ku osakaniza osinthidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa polymerization wokhala ndi gulu la aldeyde ndi ma carboxyl gulu lotenthetsera kapena kuwotcha kutentha. Pambuyo wowumayo ndi wowuma wopota, wokutira ndi kusungunuka ndi kusalala kwamadzi, kudalirika komanso zomatira zimapangidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa oxidant ndikochepa, kuchuluka kwa oxidation sikokwanira, kuchuluka kwa magulu atsopano omwe amapangidwa ndi zotsatsa kumachepa, ma virusheni oyambilira amachepetsa. Imakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa acidity, kuwonekera ndi hydroxyl zomatira.
Ndi kutalika kwa nthawi, kuchuluka kwa makutiza makutidwe kumawonjezeka, zomwe zili pagulu la Carboboxyl zimawonjezeka, ndipo mafayilo amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono, koma mawonekedwe ake akuyamba bwino.
Wopanda Wopindika
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi sizimachita zomata zosapatulidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wowuma ndi magulu atsopano ogwirira ntchito kudzera m'magulu a hydroxyl. Chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa pang'ono kwa wowuma, kotero kuti mamasukidwe amawonjezeka, kusuntha kosungirako kuli bwino, chinyezi cha ma virus ndi anti-virus chikuyenda bwino, ndipo zotsatsa zimatha kupirira komanso zotsika.
Womenzera mpweya womatira
Kulumikiza kwa wowuma ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbitsa thupi ndi zamagetsi kuti mupange solecular molecular utoto womasuka, ndipo mukakumana ndi polymer molomers, unyolo umapangidwa. Mtando wa mbali yopangidwa ndi polymer moromers imapangidwa pa unyolo waukulu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe omwe pa polyethylene ndi mamolekyulu owuma amakhala ndi magulu a hydroxyl amatha kupangidwa pakati pa mowa wa polyviyarl, omwe amasewera moledyull mowa wowuma. Kumatira bwino, madzi ndi anti-freezing katundu.
Chifukwa chododoma ndi polymer yomatira, imakhala yotsika mtengo, osati poizoni komanso wopanda mphamvu, ndipo alibe chopukusa zachilengedwe, motero amasanthula kwambiri ndikusanthula ndipo amasanthula. Posachedwa, zotsamba zomata zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapepala, nsalu za thonje, maele a envelopu, zilembo za m'matumbo.
Cellulose yomatira
Cellulose ether etherts omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma ploluese, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose ndi ma cellose alkyl.
Ili ndi mankhwala abwino okhazikika, alkali olimba komanso osulankhulidwe abwino kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi mphamvu komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kochepa. Imagwirizana mosavuta ndi sera, utopu, pulasitiki, ndi zina, ngati mapepala, mphira, zikopa, zomata nsalu.
Methyl cellulose (cmc): Ionic cellulose ether. M'makampani opanga malembawo, cmc nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polowetsa wowuma kwambiri ngati wogwirizira nsalu. Zolemba zokutidwa ndi cmc imatha kuwonjezera zofewa ndikusintha zosindikizira ndi kupaka utoto. 'Makampani opanga zakudya, mafuta oundana osiyanasiyana owonjezeredwa ndi cmc ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino, osavuta kutomera, komanso osavuta kufewetsa. Monga zomatira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mazembe, mabokosi a pepala, matumba a pepala, mapepala apamwamba komanso nkhuni zokongola.
Celluluse esterZochokera: makamaka nitrocellulose ndi cellulose acetate. Nitrocellulose: Amadziwikanso kuti cellulose nitrate, zomwe zili pa nayitrogeni nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 10% ndi 14% chifukwa cha madigiri osiyanasiyana.
Zokwanira nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti thonje lamoto, lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga msambo wopanda utsi komanso colloidal. Zotsika zotsika nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti Coldidoion. Ikupusa m'madzi, koma kusungunuka m'malo osakanikirana a ethyl mowa ndi ether, ndipo yankho ndi Cordidoion. Chifukwa chakuti colcodion imasungunuka ndikupanga filimu yolimba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka botolo, kuteteza chitetezo cha bala ndi celluloile pulasitiki yoyamba.
Ngati kuchuluka koyenera kwa ma alkyd kumawonjezeredwa ngati chosinthika ndi kuchuluka kwa caputor kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala omata, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana, nsalu, chikopa, chikopa ndi zikopa.
Cellulose acetate: Amadziwikanso kuti cellulose acetate. Pamaso pa chothandizira cha sulfuric acid, cellulose imasungidwa ndi chisakanizo cha acetic acid ndi ethanol, kenako ndikuchepetsa Acetic acid imawonjezeredwa ku hydrolyze malonda.
Poyerekeza ndi Nitrocellulose, celluluse acetate itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomatira zosungunulira zosungunulira zopangira pulasitiki zopangidwa monga magalasi ndi zoseweretsa. Poyerekeza ndi cellulose nitrate, ili ndi chidwi kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ndi kulimba, koma sakanakhala acid acid, kukana chinyezi komanso kukana nyengo.
maputalani
Ma protein omata ndi mtundu wa zomatira zachilengedwe zokhala ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteni monga zinthu zazikuluzikulu. Zochita zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni a nyama ndi mapuloteni a masamba. Malinga ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, imagawidwa m'ma protein (hopin, guluu, gelatin, ndi albumin) ndi albumin a albumin (nyemba za protein (ndi zina). Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu ngatiuma ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mipando yopanga ndi mitengo yopanga. Komabe, kusokoneza kutentha kwake ndi kukana madzi ndi osauka, omwe amatsatira mapuloteni a nyama ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Guluu Wosefena: Mapuloteni a masamba sangokhala chakudya chokha chophika, komanso chimakhala ndi ntchito zingapo m'magawo omwe si chakudya. Kupangidwa pa zomata za soya zomata zadongosolo, koyambirira kwa 1923, Johnson anagwiritsa ntchito patent pa soy protein.
Mu 1930, ma protein protein phenolic resin zomata zomata (zogawana zovuta) sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kulimba mtima ndikupanga mtengo waukulu.
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chifukwa chakukula kwa msika womatira, acidity ya zinthu zamafuta a padziko lapansi ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumapangitsa chidwi
Soybean zomatira ndi osalanda, osasankhidwa, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma alibe madzi osanja. Kuphatikiza 0.1% ~ 1.0% (misa) ya othandizira olumikizirana monga tricaroxymethyl salfide, etc. amatha kupanga zomata za mtengo wolumikizira matabwa ndi plywood.
Ma protein a nyama: Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mipando monga mipando, matebulo, makabati, mitundu, zoseweretsa, masewera, zinthu zamasewera.
Chatsopano cha nyama zamadzimadzi zokhala ndi zolimba za 50-60% zimaphatikizaponso machiritso osakhalitsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi makabati azovuta, ovuta kwambiri, ndi nyama zina zotsika mtengo zotsika mtengo. Zosangalatsa zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati zimafunikira kwa guluu.
Khwerero wa nyama ndi mtundu wotchuka wotsatsa zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito matepi azotsatsa. Matepi awa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zikwama wamba komanso matepi olemera monga kusindikiza kapena kunyamula kwa mabokosi okhazikika omwe amagwira ntchito poyendetsa ndege ndipo mphamvu yayitali yolimba imafunikira.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa guluu wa mafupa ndizambiri, ndipo gululo limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kapena limodzi ndi guluu. Malinga ndi zokutira pa intaneti, zotsatsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zolimba pafupifupi 50%, ndipo zimatha kusakanikirana ndi dixtrin pa 10% mpaka 20% ya mankhwala owuma, wowotcha, gel Oribeto (pakafunika).
Zomatira (60 ~ 63 ~ 63 ℃) Nthawi zambiri zimasakanikirana ndi pet pepala loteteza, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri ndi 25% ya unyinji wa pepala. Tepi yonyowa imatha kuwuma pansi pa zovuta ndi zowotcha zowotcha kapena zosuta zowongolera.
Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zigawenga zimaphatikizapo kupanga Sandpaper ndi Gauze Abrasies, kunyezimira ndi mapepala, komanso kumanga mabuku ndi magazini.
Tannin amamatira
Tannin ndi gawo lokhazikika lomwe limakhala ndi ma polyphenolic magulu a polyphenolic, limapezeka kwambiri mu tsinde, makungwa, mizu, masamba ndi zipatso za mbewu. Makamaka kuchokera pamatabwa popanga makungwa a zotupa ndi mbewu zomwe zili ndi tannin zapamwamba. Tannin, formaldehyde ndi madzi amasakanikirana kuti athe kupeza mawonekedwe a Tannin, ndiye kuti wothandizila ndi zojambulazo adawonjezeredwa, ndipo zomata za tannin zimapezeka mwazomwe zimakhazikika.
Kumatira kwa Tannin kumakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kutentha komanso kukalamba kwachinyezi, ndipo ntchito ya nkhuni yopanda mafuta imafanana ndi za phenolic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati nkhuni, etc.
lotsatira lomatira
Lignin ndi amodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za mtengo, ndipo nkhani zake zomwe zili pa 2040% ya nkhuni, yachiwiri yokha yama cellouse. Ndikosavuta kutulutsa lign modekha kuchokera ku mitengo, ndipo gwero lalikulu ndi zinyalala zamadzimadzi, zomwe zimakhala zolemera kwambiri.
Lignin sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomatira tokha, koma phenolic surmer omwe adapezeka ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi zomwe zimachitika mu lignolic. Pofuna kukonza madzi, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi isopropane epoxy isocynate, wopusa, opusa, ovota, ogulitsa ma restorcinol ndi zina. Zochita za Lignin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikizana plywood ndi tinthu tating'ono. Komabe, chidwi chake ndi chambiri ndipo utoto wake ndi wakuzama, ndipo pambuyo pa kusintha, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumatha kukulitsidwa.
Chingamu cha arabic
Gum Arabic, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Acacia chingamu, ndilo vuto lochotsa dzombe lamtchire. Wotchedwa chifukwa cha kupanga kwake kogwirizira m'maiko achi Arabu. Gulu la chigamba limapangidwa makamaka ndi ma polysaccharides ndi kulemera kwamphamvu kwa ma acacia glycophroteins. Chifukwa cha madzi abwino kususuka ku chiarabu achiarabu, kapangidwe kamakhala kosavuta kwambiri, chosafunikira kapena kutentha. Gum Arabic amatsikira mwachangu kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi magalasi othamanga, masitampu opangira ma shung, omwe amapereka chizindikiro cha chakudya komanso kusindikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a araxilies.
Omatira
Zochita zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, monga ma phosfo, monga phosphates, sulfiction, ma blon mchere, ndi zina zomata. Makhalidwe ake:
(1) Kulimba kwa kutentha kwambiri, kumatha kupirira 1000 ℃ kapena kutentha kwambiri:
(2) Zovuta zotsutsa:
(3) yaying'ono
(4) Kudula kwambiri. Moduc Modulus ndi phazi lokwera kuposa la machenjerero:
(5) Madzi kukana, acid ndi alkali kukana ndi osauka.
Kodi mumadziwa? Kuchitama kumakhala ndi magwiridwe ena kupatula kumamatira.
Anti-Corluon: Mapaipi a zombo amaphimbidwa kwambiri ndi aluminium slika ndi asbestos kuti akwaniritse kutentha kwamphamvu, koma chifukwa cha kusautsa kapena kutentha, komwe kumachulukitsa pakhoma lakunja kwa mapaipi apansi; Ndipo mapaipi otenthetsera amawonekera kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, mafuta osungunuka gawo la khoma lakunja ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
Kuti izi zitheke, zithunzi zamadzi zamadzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zidutswa zophatikizika pansi pa aluminium slika kuti apange zokutira ndi kapangidwe kake ngati enamel. Mu kukhazikitsa makina, zinthu zimakhazikika. Kudziwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti mpweya chifukwa cha zida zopangidwira kumatha kuyambitsa kupindika kwa crevice. Mukugwira ntchito yamakina, nthawi zina ma bolts amasulidwa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, zigawo zolumikizira zitha kukhala zolumikizidwa ndi zomata zomata mu makina opanga, kenako kulumikizidwa ndi ma balts. Izi sizingatenge gawo lokhalokha, komanso limagwiranso ntchito yotsutsa-kuvunda.
Biomedal
Komabe, subwe ya elastic modulu ya omwe akukonzekera ali okwera ndipo mphamvu zake zimakhala zochepa, ndipo ntchitoyi sizabwino. GASSphate Grandeve imasankhidwa, ndipo a raw ophika ufa amalumikizidwa pamodzi pa kutentha kwachikhalidwe pochita zomatira, potero kuchepetsa mizu yamiyendo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yotanuka.
Tesion Tetekinologies Ltd. Adalengeza kuti apanga chimbudzi cha CAseal chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana mwamphamvu ndipo chagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuchipatala. Kugwiritsa ntchito milandu 21 ya opaleshoni yamtima ku Europe, kunapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya a Cesel kuchepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina. Kafukufuku woyambirira wachipatala adawonetsa kuti kusindikizidwa kwa coseal kungakhale kotheka kwambiri ku mtima, gynecol ndi m'mimba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira zamankhwala kumadziwika kuti ndi gawo latsopano mu makampani omatira. Guluu wolimba wopangidwa ndi epoxy utoto kapena osavomerezeka polyester.
Podziteteza ukadaulo: Maofesi a sharth sarth ndi amodzi mwa zizindikiro zamakono za zida zankhondo. Njira yofunika kwambiri ya ku submarine steckh ndikuyika matailosi ophatikizika pagombe la agogo. Matayala ophatikizika ndi mtundu wa mphira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe omveka.
Pofuna kuzindikira kuphatikiza kwa mafilimu ndi mbale yachitsulo ya khoma la boti, ndikofunikira kudalira zomatira. Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Pamunda Wankhondo: Msonkhano wa asitikali, gulu lankhondo lowala, miseche
Kodi Ndizosadabwitsa? Osangoyang'ana zomatira zathu zochepa, pali zambiri mwa izo.
Makina akulu ndi mankhwala a zomatira
Nthawi Yantchito
Kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa kusakaniza ndi kusakanikirana kwa magawo kuti
Nthawi Yoyamba Kuchiritsa
Nthawi yochotseredwa zimalola nyonga yokwanira kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, kuphatikizapo magawo oyenda kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano
Nthawi yochizira
Nthawi yofunikira kuti ikwaniritse zolimbitsa makina pambuyo potsatsa kusakanikirana
nthawi yosungira
Pansi pa zinthu zina, zomatira zimatha kukhalabe ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yosungirako mphamvu
Mphamvu Zamphamvu
Pakugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu yakunja, kupsinjika komwe kumafunikira kupanga mawonekedwe pakati pa zomatira ndi chomatira mu gawo lomatira kuthyomera kapena kufupika kwake
Mphamvu
Mphamvu ya Shear imanena za gulu lankhondo lomwe kugwirizanitsa kumtunda kumatha kupirira pamene gawo lolumikizidwa litawonongeka, ndipo gawo lake limafotokozedwa ku MPA (N / MM2)
Mphamvu Yopanda Kutulutsa
Chotsani kwambiri kuti gawo limodzi lingathetse mphamvu yosanja yopanda kanthu, chifukwa katunduyu amakhazikika pamphepete mwa zomata, ndipo mphamvu ili mtunda wa malo, ndipo gawo ndi k k
Kulimba kwamakokedwe
Kukhala ndi mphamvu, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti yunifolomu yokoka mphamvu ndi nyonga yabwino, amatanthauza mphamvu yauniilo ikamawonongeka chifukwa cha mphamvu, ndipo unit amafotokozedwa ku MPA (N / MM2).
peel mphamvu
Dut Durce ndi katundu wokwera pamtunda womwe ungapirire pomwe gawo lolumikizidwa litalekanitsidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa, ndipo gawo lake limafotokozedwa ku Kni / m
Post Nthawi: Apr-25-2024