1 Kuyamba
China akhala akulimbikitsa matope osakanizika kwa zaka 20. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, madipatimenti aboma ogwira ntchito aboma achita chidwi ndi chitukuko cha matope osakanikirana ndikupereka mfundo zolimbikitsa. Pakadali pano, pali zigawo zoposa 10 zigawo zoposa 10 mdziko muno zomwe zakhala zikukonzekera matope osakanikirana. Zoposa 60%, pali mabizinesi oposa 800 omwe ali okonzeka oposa 800 pamwamba pa sikelo wamba, ndi mphamvu ya pachaka ya matani 274 miliyoni. Mu 2021, kupanga matope wamba osakanizika kunali 62,02 miliyoni.
Panthawi yomanga, matope nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo ndipo alibe nthawi yokwanira komanso madzi okwanira hydrate, chifukwa chokwanira mphamvu ndi kuwonongeka kwa simementi. Cellulose ether ndi mgwirizano wamba polymer mu matope osakanikirana. Ili ndi ntchito zamadzi kusungiramo madzi, kukweza, kubweza ndi mpweya, ndipo kumatha kusintha matope.
Kuti mupange matope omwe akuyenera kuwononga ndalamazo ndikuthetsa mavuto a kuwonongeka ndi mphamvu zochepa, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuwonjezera cellulose ether ether. Nkhaniyi imafotokoza mwachidule mawonekedwe a ethel ether ndi chizolowezi chake pakuchita zopangidwa ndi simenti, ndikuyembekeza kuti athandizire kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zakhala zikugwirizana ndi matope osakanikirana.
Kuyamba kwa cellulose ether
Cellulose ether (cellulose ether) imapangidwa kuchokera ku celluluse kudzera munthawi yopepuka ya othandizira imodzi kapena zingapo zokopa.
2.1 Gulu la Cellulose EtE
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala a ether, cellulose eders amatha kugawidwa mu Anionic, CARTIC ndi Nonionic Edere. Cellulose ya Ionic imaphatikizapo carboxymethyl cellulose ether (cmc); non-ionic cellulose ethers mainly include methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) and hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) and so on. Zosagwirizana ndi ionic zimagawidwa kukhala osungunuka ndi mafuta ndi solub-soluble etrable. Madzi osasunthika a ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazogulitsa. Pamaso pa calcium aons, cellulose ya Ionic etters ndi osakhazikika, kotero samagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha matope owuma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito simenti, ndi zida. Cellose yopanda madzi ndi ionic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makampani omanga zida chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo ndi kusintha kwamadzi.
According to the different etherification agents selected in the etherification process, cellulose ether products include methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose and phenyl cellulose.
Cellulose enter amagwiritsa ntchito matope nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza methyl cellulose ether (hpm), hydroxyprose celyl etherse ethel ethel.
2.2 Mankhwala am'madzi a cellulose ether
Vesi iliyonse ya ether ili ndi kapangidwe koyambirira kwa cellulose-anhyrogluose. Mukamapanga ma cellulose ether, chiberekero cha cellulose chimakhala chotenthetsera mu njira ya alkalinesine kenako ndikuthandizidwa ndi wothandizila. Chogulitsa cha fibrous chopangidwa chimatsukidwa ndikuyeretsa kuti apange ufa wofanana ndi ukoma.
Popanga MC, methyl chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandiza; Kuphatikiza pa methyl chloride, ma propyle oxide amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupeza hydroxypyl m'malo opangira hpmc. Cellulose osiyanasiyana etter amakhala ndi methyl ndi hydroxypyl ogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza kulumikizana ndi kutentha kwa matenthedwe a elelul embi.
2.3 Makhalidwe osokoneza thupi a cellulose ether
Makhalidwe osokoneza bongo a cellulose ether ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito matope a simenti. Cellulose ether angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza mgwirizano ndi kusungidwa kwamadzi kwa matope a simenti, koma izi zimatengera cellulose ether kukhala kwathunthu ndikusungunuka kwathunthu m'madzi. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa ethel ether ether ndi nthawi yosinthika, liwiro lokhazikika ndi ufa wa ufa.
2.4 Udindo wa kumira mu matope a simenti
Monga chowonjezera chowonjezera cha simenti slorry, kuwononga kuli ndi zotsatirazi m'mbali zotsatirazi.
(1) Sinthani kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matope ndikuwonjezera mafayilo a matope.
Kuphatikiza ndege yamoto imatha kuletsa matope kuti alekanitse ndi kupeza yunifolomu komanso thupi la pulasitiki. Mwachitsanzo, misasa yomwe imapereka hemoc, hpmc, etc., ndi yabwino kwa mavundi owonda ndi kuyikaponda. , Mlingo wometa ubweya, kutentha, kugwa kuda nkhawa komanso kusungunuka kwamchere.
(2) Ili ndi mphamvu yochokera mu mpweya.
Chifukwa cha zosayera, mafotokozedwe a magulu mu tinthutiki amachepetsa mphamvu ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokha, ndipo ndizosavuta kulowetsa, yunifolomu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasakaniza. "Mankhwala olimbitsa thupi" amasintha mapangidwe a matope, amachepetsa chinyontho cha matope ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa matope. Mayeso awonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa hemc ndi hpmc ndi 0,5%, masamba omwe ali ndi matope ndiye wamkulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 55%; Kuchulukana kwabwino kwambiri kuposa 0,5%, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi matonthozi zimayamba kukhala ndi zomwe zimapezeka mumitundu ikamawonjezeka.
(3) Musasinthe.
Wax imatha kusungunula, mafuta ndikuyambitsa matope, ndikuwongolera kusalala kwa matope ndi ufa. Siziyenera kunyowetsedwa pasadakhale. Pambuyo pomanga, CE CE CERTORY imathanso kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali yodzisintha kwambiri m'mphepete mwa gombe kuti zithandizire pakati pa matope ndi gawo lapansi.
Zotsatira zosintha za cellulose pazinthu zatsopano za cement Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose yogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonjezera, kulumikizana pakati pa cellulose ndi simenti kumayamba pang'onopang'ono.
Post Nthawi: Disembala 16-2021