Cellulose ether (CE) ndi gulu la zotumphukira zomwe zimapezeka posintha ma cellulose. Ma cellulose ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha makoma a cellulose, ndipo ma cellulose ethers ndi ma polima angapo opangidwa ndi etherification yamagulu ena a hydroxyl (-OH) mu cellulose. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga zida zomangira, mankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera akuthupi ndi mankhwala komanso kusinthasintha.
1. Gulu la cellulose ethers
Ma cellulose ethers amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana molingana ndi mitundu ya zolowa m'malo mwamankhwala. Gulu lodziwika bwino limatengera kusiyana kwa zolowa m'malo. Ma cellulose ethers ambiri ndi awa:
Methyl cellulose (MC)
Methyl cellulose amapangidwa posintha gawo la hydroxyl la molekyulu ya cellulose ndi methyl (-CH₃). Ili ndi zokhuthala bwino, zopanga mafilimu komanso zomangirira ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, zokutira, zamankhwala ndi mafakitale azakudya.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi ether wamba ya cellulose, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, mankhwala, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi minda yazakudya chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwamadzi komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala. HPMC ndi nonionic cellulose ether ndi katundu wa madzi posungira, thickening ndi bata.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndi anionic cellulose ether wopangidwa poyambitsa magulu a carboxymethyl (-CH₂COOH) kukhala mamolekyu a cellulose. CMC ili ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi bwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, stabilizer ndi suspending agent. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazakudya, mankhwala ndi zodzoladzola.
Ethyl cellulose (EC)
Ethyl cellulose imapezeka mwa kusintha gulu la hydroxyl mu cellulose ndi ethyl (-CH₂CH₃). Ili ndi hydrophobicity yabwino ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ngati chotchingira filimu komanso zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'makampani opanga mankhwala.
2. Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu wa cellulose ethers
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala a cellulose ethers zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu monga mtundu wa cellulose ether, mtundu wa cholowa m'malo ndi kuchuluka kwa m'malo. Makhalidwe ake akuluakulu ndi awa:
Kusungunuka kwamadzi ndi kusungunuka
Ma cellulose ethers ambiri amakhala ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi bwino ndipo amatha kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kapena otentha kuti apange njira yowonekera ya colloidal. Mwachitsanzo, HPMC, CMC, etc. akhoza kusungunuka mwamsanga m'madzi kuti apange yankho lapamwamba kwambiri, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazochitika zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito monga thickening, kuyimitsidwa, ndi kupanga mafilimu.
Makulidwe ndi kupanga filimu katundu
Ma cellulose ethers ali ndi katundu wokhuthala kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa njira zamadzimadzi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera HPMC ku zipangizo zomangira kungathandize pulasitiki ndi workability wa matope ndi kulimbikitsa odana ndi sagging katundu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma cellulose ethers ali ndi mafilimu abwino opanga mafilimu ndipo amatha kupanga filimu yotetezera yunifolomu pamwamba pa zinthu, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kusunga madzi ndi kukhazikika
Ma cellulose ethers alinso ndi mphamvu yabwino yosungira madzi, makamaka pankhani ya zomangamanga. Ma cellulose ethers nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kasungidwe kamadzi mumatope a simenti, kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa ming'alu yamatope, ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa matope. M'munda wazakudya, CMC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati humectant kuchedwetsa kuyanika chakudya.
Kukhazikika kwamankhwala
Ma cellulose ethers amasonyeza kukhazikika kwa mankhwala mu asidi, alkali ndi electrolyte solutions, ndipo amatha kusunga dongosolo lawo ndikugwira ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana ovuta a mankhwala. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana popanda kusokonezedwa ndi mankhwala ena.
3. Njira yopangira cellulose ether
Kupanga kwa cellulose ether kumakonzedwa makamaka ndi etherification reaction of natural cellulose. Zofunika ndondomeko masitepe monga alkalization mankhwala mapadi, etherification anachita, kuyeretsedwa, etc.
Chithandizo cha alkalization
Choyamba, mapadi achilengedwe (monga thonje, nkhuni, ndi zina zotero) amapangidwa ndi alkalized kuti asinthe gawo la hydroxyl mu cellulose kukhala mchere wonyezimira kwambiri.
Etherification reaction
Ma cellulose pambuyo pa alkalization amakumana ndi etherifying agent (monga methyl chloride, propylene oxide, etc.) kuti apange cellulose ether. Kutengera momwe zimachitikira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cellulose ethers imatha kupezeka.
Kuyeretsa ndi kuyanika
Ether ya cellulose yomwe imapangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika imatsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndikuwumitsidwa kuti mupeze ufa kapena mankhwala agranular. Chiyero ndi thupi la chinthu chomaliza chikhoza kulamulidwa ndi teknoloji yotsatira yokonza.
4. Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito cellulose ether
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a thupi ndi mankhwala a cellulose ethers, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Minda yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi motere:
Zomangira
Pazinthu zomangira, ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zokhuthala ndi zosungira madzi pamatope a simenti ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi gypsum. Ma cellulose ethers monga HPMC ndi MC amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga matope, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa madzi, motero kumawonjezera kumamatira ndi kukana ming'alu.
Mankhwala
M'makampani opanga mankhwala, ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ❖ kuyanika kwa mankhwala, zomatira pamapiritsi, ndi zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, HPMC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira zamakanema amankhwala ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zotulutsidwa.
Chakudya
CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, emulsifier, ndi stabilizer muzakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakumwa, mkaka, ndi zinthu zophikidwa, ndipo amatha kusintha kukoma ndi kunyowa kwa chakudya.
Zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala tsiku lililonse
Ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickeners ndi emulsifiers ndi stabilizers mu zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku, amene angapereke kugwirizana bwino ndi kapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, HPMC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga mankhwala otsukira mano ndi shampu kuti awapatse mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika.
Zopaka
M'makampani opanga zokutira, ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokhuthala, zopangira mafilimu, ndi zoyimitsa, zomwe zimatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga zokutira, kuwongolera bwino, komanso kupereka mawonekedwe abwino afilimu ya utoto.
5. Kukula kwamtsogolo kwa cellulose ethers
Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa chitetezo cha chilengedwe, cellulose ether, monga chochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zongowonjezwdwa, ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko. Kuwonongeka kwake kwachilengedwe, kusinthika komanso kusinthika kwake kumapangitsa kuti zikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zobiriwira, zinthu zowonongeka komanso zanzeru m'tsogolomu. Kuphatikiza apo, ether ya cellulose ilinso ndi kafukufuku wowonjezera ndi chitukuko m'magawo owonjezera amtengo wapatali monga biomedical engineering ndi zida zapamwamba.
Monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha mankhwala, cellulose ether ili ndi mtengo wambiri wogwiritsira ntchito. Ndi makulidwe ake abwino kwambiri, kusunga madzi, kupanga mafilimu komanso kukhazikika kwamankhwala, imagwira ntchito yosasinthika m'magawo ambiri monga zomangamanga, mankhwala, ndi chakudya. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa teknoloji ndi kupititsa patsogolo malingaliro oteteza chilengedwe, chiyembekezo chogwiritsira ntchito cellulose ether chidzakhala chokulirapo ndikuthandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-24-2024