Zosakaniza zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga matope osakaniza owuma, koma kuwonjezera matope osakaniza owuma kumapangitsa kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa matope owuma ukhale wapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi matope achikhalidwe, omwe amawerengera ndalama zoposa 40% zamtengo wapatali mumatope osakaniza owuma. Pakalipano, gawo lalikulu la admixture limaperekedwa ndi opanga akunja, ndipo mlingo wa mankhwalawo umaperekedwanso ndi wogulitsa. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wazinthu zamatope owuma umakhalabe wokwera, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kufalitsa matope wamba ndi matope opaka utoto wambiri komanso madera ambiri; malonda apamwamba a msika amayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo opanga matope owuma owuma ali ndi phindu lochepa komanso kusalolera kwamtengo wapatali; Palibe kafukufuku wokhazikika komanso wolunjika pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndipo njira zakunja zimatsatiridwa mwachimbulimbuli.
Kutengera pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi, pepalali limasanthula ndikufanizira zinthu zina zophatikizika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo pamaziko awa, amaphunzira momwe zinthu zamatope zowuma zimagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza.
1. Wosunga madzi
Chosungira madzi ndichophatikizira chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kusunga madzi amatope osakanizika owuma, komanso ndi chimodzi mwazosakaniza zofunika kudziwa mtengo wazinthu zosakanikirana ndi dothi.
1.1 Cellulose ether
Ma cellulose ether ndi liwu lodziwika bwino lazinthu zingapo zopangidwa ndi momwe alkali cellulose ndi etherifying agent pansi pazifukwa zina. Ma cellulose a alkali amasinthidwa ndi ma etherifying othandizira kuti apeze ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ma ionization olowa m'malo, ma cellulose ether amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi non-ionic (monga methyl cellulose). Malinga ndi mtundu wa zolowa m'malo, cellulose ether imatha kugawidwa kukhala monoether (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ether yosakanikirana (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Malingana ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, zikhoza kugawidwa m'madzi osungunuka (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent-soluble (monga ethyl cellulose), etc. Mtondo wosakaniza wowuma umakhala wosungunuka m'madzi, ndipo mapalo osungunuka m'madzi amagawidwa kukhala mtundu wa nthawi yomweyo ndi mtundu wamtundu wosungunuka wochedwa kuchedwa.
Limagwirira ntchito ya cellulose ether mu matope ndi motere:
(1) Pambuyo pa efa ya cellulose mumtondo kusungunuka m'madzi, kugawa bwino ndi yunifolomu kwa zinthu za simenti mu dongosolo kumatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cha ntchito yapamtunda, ndi efa ya cellulose, monga colloid yoteteza, "kukuta" tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ting'onoting'ono, filimu yopangira mafuta imapangidwa pamwamba pake, yomwe imapangitsa kuti matope, matope ndi matope apangidwe bwino pa ndondomeko ya matope ndi matope. kusalala kwa zomangamanga.
(2) Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mamolekyu, njira ya cellulose ether imapangitsa kuti madzi a mumatope asakhale osavuta kutaya, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawamasula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupangitsa kuti matopewo azikhala ndi madzi abwino osungira komanso kugwira ntchito.
1.1.1 Molecular formula ya methyl cellulose (MC) [C6H7O2(OH)3-h(OCH3)n]x
Thonje woyengedwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alkali, cellulose ether imapangidwa kudzera muzochita zingapo ndi methane chloride ngati etherification agent. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo kusungunuka kwake kumasiyananso ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowa m'malo. Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 3 ~ 12. Iwo ali ngakhale bwino ndi wowuma, guar chingamu, etc. ndi surfactants ambiri. Pamene kutentha kufika kutentha kwa gelation, gelation imachitika.
(2) Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa methyl cellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala, kukongola kwa tinthu ndi kusungunuka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, fineness ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mamasukidwe ake ndiakuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kumakhala kwakukulu. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, ndipo msinkhu wa viscosity suli wofanana mwachindunji ndi mlingo wa kusunga madzi. The Kusungunuka mlingo makamaka zimadalira mlingo wa padziko kusinthidwa kwa mapadi particles ndi tinthu fineness. Pakati pa ma cellulose ethers omwe ali pamwambawa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ali ndi milingo yayikulu yosungira madzi.
(3) Kusintha kwa kutentha kudzakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi a methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamasungidwe kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusungirako madzi kwa methyl cellulose kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga matope.
(4) Methyl cellulose imakhudza kwambiri kumanga ndi kumamatira kwamatope. “Kumatira” pano kukutanthauza mphamvu yomatira yomwe imamveka pakati pa chida cha wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gawo lapansi la khoma, ndiko kuti, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope. Kumamatira kumakhala kwakukulu, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zomwe ogwira ntchito amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ntchito yomanga matope ndi yosauka. Methyl cellulose adhesion ali pamlingo wocheperako muzinthu za cellulose ether.
1.1.2 The molecular formula of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ndi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m,OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mitundu ya cellulose yomwe kutulutsa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndi cellulose yopanda ionic yosakaniza ether yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje woyengedwa pambuyo pa alkalization, pogwiritsa ntchito propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride monga etherification agent, kupyolera muzotsatira zingapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.2 ~ 2.0. Katundu wake ndi wosiyana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa methoxyl ndi hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta pakusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwa gelation m'madzi otentha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumakhalanso bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumakhudzana ndi kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu, ndipo kukula kwake kwa molekyulu kumapangitsa kukhuthala kwamphamvu. Kutentha kumakhudzanso kukhuthala kwake, pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kukhuthala kumachepa. Komabe, kukhuthala kwake kwakukulu kumakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa methyl cellulose. Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika likasungidwa kutentha.
(3) Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala kwake, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake komwe kumasungira madzi pansi pa kuchuluka komweko ndikokwera kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku asidi ndi alkali, ndipo njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 2 ~ 12. Madzi a caustic ndi laimu sakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku mchere wamba, koma pamene mchere wa mchere uli wambiri, kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution kumawonjezeka.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose akhoza kusakaniza ndi madzi sungunuka polima mankhwala kupanga yunifolomu ndi apamwamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe njira. Monga polyvinyl mowa, wowuma ether, masamba chingamu, etc.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imakhala ndi kukana bwino kwa enzyme kuposa methylcellulose, ndipo yankho lake silingawonongeke ndi michere kuposa methylcellulose.
(7) Kumamatira kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumapangidwe amatope ndikokwera kuposa methylcellulose.
1.1.3 Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyengedwa lopangidwa ndi alkali, ndipo amachita ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherification agent pamaso pa acetone. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma ndizovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Yankho lake ndi khola pa kutentha popanda gelling. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu mumatope, koma kusungirako madzi kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ndi okhazikika ku acid ndi zamchere. Alkali imatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake pang'ono. Kuwonongeka kwake m'madzi kumakhala koyipa pang'ono kuposa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ali ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsa-sag pamatope, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochepetsera simenti.
(4) Kuchita kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose yopangidwa ndi mabizinesi am'nyumba mwachiwonekere ndi yotsika kuposa ya methyl cellulose chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso phulusa lalitali.
1.1.4 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [C6H7O2(OH)2och2COONA]n
Ionic cellulose ether imapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) pambuyo pa mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate monga etherification wothandizira, ndikulandira chithandizo chamankhwala angapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 0.4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa m'malo.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose imakhala ndi hygroscopic, ndipo imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ikasungidwa nthawi zambiri.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose amadzimadzi njira sipanga gel osakaniza, ndipo mamasukidwe akayendedwe adzachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Kutentha kupitilira 50 ° C, kukhuthala kwake sikungasinthe.
(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa ndi gypsum, koma osati mumatope opangidwa ndi simenti. Zikakhala zamchere kwambiri, zimataya kukhuthala.
(4) Kusunga madzi ake ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa methyl cellulose. Imalepheretsa matope a gypsum ndipo imachepetsa mphamvu zake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-30-2023