Admixtimes amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pakukonza matope osakanikirana, koma kuwonjezera kwa matope osakanizidwa kumapangitsa kuti matope osakanizika apamwamba kuposa matope owuma, omwe ali ndi ndalama zoposa 40%. Pakadali pano, gawo lalikulu la mgwirizano limaperekedwa ndi opanga zakunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malonda kumaperekedwanso ndi wotsatsa. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa zinthu zosakanizika-zosakanizika zimakhazikika, ndipo nkovuta kugwirizanitsa matope wamba ndi matope okhala ndi madera ambiri; Zogulitsa pamsika waukulu zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo opanga matope owuma amakhala ndi phindu lotsika komanso kulolerana ndi mitengo; Pali kusowa kwa kafukufuku wa mwadongosolo komanso woyang'aniridwa pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mankhwala, ndipo njira zakunja zimatsatiridwa mwakhungu.
Kutengera pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambapa, pempho ili limasanthula ndikufanizira zinthu zina zoyambira, ndipo pamaziko ochulukirapo omwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zouma zowuma pogwiritsa ntchito matope.
1. Mthandizi Wosunga Madzi
Mthandizi wosunga madzi ndi gawo lalikulu kusintha matope osakaniza ndi matope osakanikirana, ndipo ndi amodzi mwazovomerezeka kuti adziwe mtengo wamativesi.
1.1 cellulose ether
Cellulose ether ndi mawu angapo kuti mupange zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi alkali cellulose ndikumupeza wothandizika pazinthu zina. Ma cellulose amasinthidwa ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana kuti apeze cellulose yosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ma ionization katundu wa magalimoto, cellulose edel amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: Ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose). Malinga ndi mtundu wa gawo lamitundu yamitundu itha kugawidwa mu monoether (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ethersed ether (monga hydroxypropyl celyiluse). Malinga ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, imatha kugawidwa m'madzi (monga hydrothyl cellulose) ndi matope osungunuka ndi ethyl cellulose.
Limagwirira ku zochita za cellulose ether mu matope ndi motere:
. zomanga.
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1.1.1 mawonekedwe a methyl cellulose (MC) [CE) (O) 3-H (OCH3) N] x
Wokongoletsa wokonzayo atathandizidwa ndi alkali, cellulose ether amapangidwa kudzera mu mndandanda wazomwe zimachitika ndi methane chloride ngati wothandizira. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zolowa ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo solubility ndizosiyananso ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana. Ndi ya ether ether ether ether.
(1) Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake yothetsera matenda imakhala yokhazikika mu pro = 3 ~ 12. Imakhala ndi kulumikizana bwino ndi wowuma, Guar Gum, etc. ndi ambiri okonda. Kutentha kukafika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, gelation kumachitika.
. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu, kukoma mtima ndikochepa, ndipo ma virus ndi akulu, osunga madzi ndi okwera. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi osunga madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma virus sikuphatikizidwa mwachindunji pamlingo wamadzi osamala yamadzi. Chiwerengero chophweka chimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma cellulose tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pakati pa cellulose yomwe ili pamwambapa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl meth celyl cellulose imakhala ndi mitengo yapamwamba yamadzi.
(3) Kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri malo osungitsa madzi a methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kumadzaza madzi. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusunga madzi a methyl cellulose idzachepetsa kwambiri, kukhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka matope.
(4) Methyl cellulose imakhudzanso ntchito yomanga ndi kutsatira matope. "Zomatira" apa zikutanthauza mphamvu yotsatsira yomwe ikukhudzidwa pakati pa chida cha wogwira ntchito ndi khomalo, ndiye kuti, kung'amba matope. Kumatira ndikokwera, kukana matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zofunidwa ndi ogwira ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndizochulukirapo, ndipo zomangamanga za matope ndi osauka. Methyl cellulose yotsatira ndi pamlingo woyenera mu cellulose ether ether.
1.1.2 Njira ya ma hydroxypypyl methylcellulose (hpmc) (C6H7O2 (O) 3-OC3ch (OCH2ch) Ch3] x
Hydroxypropyll methylclulose ndi mitundu ya cellulose yomwe zotsatira zake ndi zochulukirapo zakhala zikuwonjezeka mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndiwopanda ma cellulose osakanizidwa ndi thonje lopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyeretsa, pogwiritsa ntchito ma propylen oxide ndi methyl chloride ngati zoyeserera. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 1.2 ~ 2.0. Katundu wake ndi wosiyana chifukwa cha ma ratios osiyanasiyana a methoxyl zomwe zili ndi hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypypyll methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta pakusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwamadzi otentha kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumathandizanso kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
. Kutentha kumakhudzanso mamasukidwe awo, pamene kutentha kumakulirakulira, ma virucy amachepetsa. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake okwera amakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa celyyl cellulose. Njira yake imakhala yokhazikika ikasungidwa kutentha.
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. Diasc Soda ndi madzi a laimu samalimbikitsa pang'ono pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwake ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe ake. Hydroxypylropyl ndi chokhazikika pamchere wambiri, koma pamene kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi yayitali, mamasukidwe a hydroxypropyl so methylcellulose yankho limayamba kuchuluka.
. Monga mowa wa mulyvinyl, madzi owuma, masamba chingamu, etc.
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1.1.3 hydroxyemeylcellulose (hec)
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyeyeretsedwa limathandizidwa ndi alkali, ndipo anachita ndi Ethylene oxide ngati othandizila mu Acetune. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity wamphamvu ndipo ndizosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
(1) Hydroxethyl cellose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake imakhazikika kutentha kwambiri osafuula. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa kutentha kwambiri kumatope, koma madzi ake ndi otsika kuposa a methyl cellulose.
(2) Volrorothyl cellulose ndi khola kwa onse ndi alkali. Alkali amathandizira kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera pang'ono mamasukidwe ake. Kubalalitsa kwake m'madzi kumakulitsa pang'ono kuposa kwa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl celluse. .
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1.1.4 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [C6H7O2 (O) 2och2coona] n
Ionic cellulose ether amapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) Pambuyo mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa sodium monochlorookertatetate monga momwe amathandizira. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 0,4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose ndizachilendo.
. Kutentha kukapitirira 50 ° C, ma virukoniwo sangasinthe.
(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Ph. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito matope a gypsum, koma osati matope a simenti. Mukakhala achibale, amataya mamasukidwe.
(4) Kusungidwa kwake kwamadzi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yobwezeretsa matope a gypsum ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
Post Nthawi: Mar-30-2023