Kudziwa zamankhwala tanthauzo ndi kusiyana kwa fiber, cellulose ndi cellulose ether

Fiber:

Ulusi, munthawi ya chimake ndi mapangidwe sayansi, amatanthauza gulu la zinthu zomwe zimadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake ngati zingwe. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi ma polima, omwe ndi mamolekyu akulu opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwereza otchedwa monomerrs. Mafuta amatha kukhala achilengedwe kapena osapangana, ndipo amapeza kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zolemba, ma coomisine, ndi biomedicine.

Zingwe zachilengedwe zimachokera ku zomera, nyama, kapena michere. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo thonje, ubweya, silika, ndi asbestos. Kupanga kwanyengo, kumbali inayo, kumapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamankhwala kudzera ngati njira ngati polymerization. Nylon, polyester, ndi acrylic ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za ulusi wopangidwa.

M'mitundu ya umagwirira, mawu oti " Zithunzizi zimadziwika ndi gawo lawo lalitali kuchuluka kwake, kutanthauza kuti ndiotalikirapo kuposa momwe alili. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka katundu monga mphamvu, kusinthasintha, ndi kulimba kukhala nkhanizo, kupanga ulusi ndikofunikira mu zovala zokhudzana ndi zojambula zophatikizika.

Cellulose:

Lerandi polysacide, yomwe ndi mtundu wa carbohydrate wopangidwa ndi unyolo wautali wa mamolekyulu. Ndiye polymer yolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati gawo limodzi la zida cham'manja azomera. Mwachilengedwe, cellulose imakhala ndi shuga yobwereza yolumikizidwa pamodzi ndi β-1,4-glycosiidic.

Mapangidwe a cellulose amakhala okhwima kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mamolekyulu amodzi amadzigwirizanitsa mu microfibrils omwe amaphatikizidwanso kuti apange zidazi zazikulu monga ulusi. Zithunzizi zimapereka chithandizo chothandizira kubzala, kuwapatsa mphamvu komanso nyonga. Kuphatikiza pa gawo lake muzomera, cellulose ndi gawo lalikulu la fibeya lopezeka m'masamba, masamba, ndi mbewu. Anthu alibe michere yofunika kuthyola cellulose, motero imadutsa dongosolo la m'mimba makamaka logwirizana, pothandizira chimbudzi ndikulimbikitsa thanzi.

Cellulose ali ndi ntchito zambiri zamafakitale chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, kusinthika, komanso malo abwino, zinthu zofunika monga zinthu, zopanda mphamvu, ndi mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala, zopangira, zida zomangira, ndi ma biofuels.

Cellulose ether:

Cellulose earsndi gulu lamankhwala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose kudzera mu mankhwala. Zosintha izi zimaphatikizapo kuyambitsa magulu ogwira ntchito, monga hydroxethyl, hydroxypropyl, kapena carboxymethyl, mpaka pa celluul. Cellulose yotsatira imasunganso zina mwa ma cellulose posonyeza zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi magulu owonjezera ogwira ntchito.

Chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa cellulose ndi cellose et ament coslubility. Pomwe cellulose ndi incluble m'madzi ndi madera ambiri okhazikika, cellulose okhazikika nthawi zambiri imakhala yosungunuka kapena mawonekedwe owoneka bwino osungunuka mosinthasintha. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti cellulose ikhale ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamakampani monga mankhwala monga mankhwala, chakudya, zodzola komanso zomangamanga.

Zitsanzo zofala za cellulose edel cellulose (Mc), hydroxypropyl cellulose (hpc), ndi Carboxymethyl cellose (cmc). Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati otsatsa, omanga, okhazikika, ndi othandizira mafilimu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, masentimita amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazomwe chakudya chimakhala ngati wothandizila komanso emulsifier, pomwe HPC imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mankhwala.

Filifor imatchula zida zokhala ndi kapangidwe kake, ma cellose ndi polymerose yachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka pafoni ya cell, ndipo cellulose yopezeka ndi mitundu yosinthika yosinthika ya cellulose ndi mafashoni osiyanasiyana. Pomwe cellulose imapereka chimango chazomera ndipo chimakhala ngati gwero lazakudya, cellulose yowonjezera imathandizira kusungunuka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zomwe amathandizira.