Chidziwitso cha mankhwala matanthauzo ndi kusiyana kwa fiber, cellulose ndi cellulose ether

CHIKWANGWANI:

CHIKWANGWANI, mu nkhani ya chemistry ndi zipangizo sayansi, amatanthauza gulu la zipangizo zodziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo aatali, ngati ulusi. Zidazi zimapangidwa ndi ma polima, omwe ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwereza omwe amatchedwa ma monomers. Ulusi ukhoza kukhala wachilengedwe kapena wopangidwa, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza nsalu, ma composites, ndi biomedicine.

Ulusi wachilengedwe umachokera ku zomera, nyama, kapena mchere. Zitsanzo ndi thonje, ubweya, silika, ndi asibesitosi. Komano, ulusi wa synthetic, umapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamankhwala kudzera munjira ngati polymerization. Nayiloni, poliyesitala, ndi acrylic ndi zitsanzo zofala za ulusi wopangidwa.

Mu chemistry, mawu oti "fiber" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mawonekedwe a zinthuzo osati momwe zimapangidwira. Fibers amadziwika ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba, kutanthauza kuti ndiatali kwambiri kuposa momwe alili otambasula. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kameneka kamapereka zinthu monga mphamvu, kusinthasintha, ndi kulimba kwa zinthu, kupanga ulusi wofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuyambira zovala mpaka kulimbikitsa muzinthu zophatikizika.

Ma cellulose:

Ma cellulosendi polysaccharide, yomwe ndi mtundu wachakudya chopangidwa ndi unyolo wautali wa mamolekyu a shuga. Ndiwo polima wochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati gawo la makoma a ma cell a zomera. Mwa mankhwala, mapadi amakhala ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza a glucose olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi ma β-1,4-glycosidic bond.

Mapangidwe a cellulose amakhala ndi ulusi wambiri, mamolekyu a cellulose amodzi amadzigwirizanitsa kukhala ma microfibrils omwe amaphatikizana kupanga zazikulu ngati ulusi. Ulusiwu umathandizira ma cell a mbewu, kuwapangitsa kukhala olimba komanso olimba. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake muzomera, cellulose ndi gawo lalikulu lazakudya zomwe zimapezeka mu zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mbewu. Anthu alibe ma enzymes ofunikira kuti awononge cellulose, motero amadutsa m'chigayo cham'mimba nthawi zambiri, kumathandizira kugaya komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi lamatumbo.

Ma cellulose ali ndi ntchito zambiri zamafakitale chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, kusinthikanso, ndi zinthu zofunika monga biodegradability, biocompatibility, ndi mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, nsalu, zomangira, ndi mafuta amafuta.

Selulosi Ether:

Ma cellulose ethersndi gulu la mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose kupyolera mu kusintha kwa mankhwala. Zosinthazi zimaphatikizapo kuyambitsa magulu ogwira ntchito, monga hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, kapena carboxymethyl, pamsana wa cellulose. Ma cellulose ether omwe amatsatira amakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ena a cellulose pomwe akuwonetsa zatsopano zoperekedwa ndi magulu owonjezera ogwirira ntchito.

Kusiyanitsa kumodzi kwakukulu pakati pa cellulose ndi cellulose ethers kwagona pakusungunuka kwawo. Ngakhale mapadi sasungunuke m'madzi ndi zosungunulira zambiri, ma cellulose ether nthawi zambiri amasungunuka m'madzi kapena amawonetsa kusungunuka kwabwino mu zosungunulira za organic. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ma cellulose ethers azitha kusintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola, ndi zomangamanga.

Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zama cellulose ethers ndi monga methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), ndi carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickeners, binders, stabilizers, ndi mafilimu opanga mafilimu mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya monga chowonjezera komanso emulsifier, pomwe HPC imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala kuti atulutse mankhwala.

CHIKWANGWANI chimatanthawuza zinthu zokhala ndi ulusi wautali, ngati ulusi, mapadi ndi polima wachilengedwe omwe amapezeka m'makoma a cellulose, ndipo ma cellulose ethers ndi opangidwa ndi ma cellulose omwe amapangidwa ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ma cellulose amapereka dongosolo lazomera ndipo amakhala ngati gwero lazakudya zopatsa thanzi, ma cellulose ethers amapereka kusungunuka kowonjezereka komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera.