Pokonza zolakwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito glazes, kuwonjezera pa kukumana ndi zotsatira zodzikongoletsera ndi zizindikiro za ntchito, ayeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri. Timalemba ndikukambirana mavuto awiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito glazes.
1. Kuchita kwa glaze slurry sikwabwino
Chifukwa kupanga fakitale ya ceramic kumapitirirabe, ngati pali vuto ndi ntchito ya glaze slurry, zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zidzawonekera pakupanga glazing, zomwe zidzakhudza mwachindunji mlingo wabwino kwambiri wa mankhwala opanga. Zofunikira komanso zofunika kwambiri magwiridwe antchito. Tiyeni titenge zofunikira pakuchita kwa belu mtsuko glaze pa glaze slurry monga chitsanzo. A wabwino glaze slurry ayenera: zabwino fluidity, palibe thixotropy, palibe mpweya, palibe thovu mu glaze slurry, abwino chinyezi posungira, ndi mphamvu inayake pamene youma, etc. Njira ntchito. Ndiye tiyeni tiwunike zinthu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a glaze slurry.
1) Ubwino wa madzi
Kuuma ndi pH yamadzi kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a glaze slurry. Nthawi zambiri, chikoka cha madzi abwino ndi dera. Madzi apampopi a m'dera linalake amakhala okhazikika akatha kuwakonza, koma madzi apansi panthaka nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhazikika chifukwa cha zinthu monga mchere wosungunuka m'miyala ndi kuipitsidwa. Kukhazikika, kotero wopanga mpira mphero glaze slurry ndi bwino ntchito wapampopi madzi, amene adzakhala ndi khola.
2) Mchere wosungunuka m'zinthu zopangira
Nthawi zambiri, kugwa kwa zitsulo zamchere ndi ma ayoni amchere amchere m'madzi kudzakhudza pH ndi kuthekera kokwanira mu glaze slurry. Choncho, posankha zopangira mchere, timayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zakonzedwa ndi flotation, kutsuka madzi, ndi mphero yamadzi. Zidzakhala zochepa, ndipo zomwe zili mu mchere wosungunuka mu zipangizo zimagwirizananso ndi mapangidwe a mitsempha ya ore komanso kuchuluka kwa nyengo. Migodi yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mchere wambiri wosungunuka. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuwonjezera madzi mu gawo linalake ndikuyesa kuthamanga kwa glaze slurry pambuyo pogaya mpira. , Timayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira zochepa kapena ayi zomwe sizikuyenda bwino.
3) Sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulosendi sodium tripolyphosphate
Choyimitsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangamanga zathu za ceramic glaze ndi sodium carboxymethylcellulose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa CMC, kutalika kwa unyolo wa CMC kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhuthala kwake mu glaze slurry, ngati unyolo wa maselo ndi wautali kwambiri, kukhuthala kwake ndikwabwino, koma glaze slurry Mavuvu ndi osavuta kuwonekera pakatikati ndipo ndizovuta kutulutsa. Ngati unyolo wa mamolekyu uli waufupi kwambiri, kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity kumakhala kochepa ndipo kugwirizanitsa sikungatheke, ndipo glaze slurry ndiyosavuta kuwonongeka ikayikidwa kwa nthawi. Chifukwa chake, ma cellulose ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale athu ndi cellulose yapakatikati komanso yotsika. . Ubwino wa sodium tripolyphosphate umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtengo. Pakalipano, zinthu zambiri pamsika ndizowonongeka kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya degumming. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kusankha opanga nthawi zonse kuti agule, apo ayi kutayika kumaposa phindu!
4) Zonyansa zakunja
Nthawi zambiri, kuipitsidwa kwamafuta ndi ma flotation agents amalowetsedwa mosalephera panthawi yamigodi ndi kukonza zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, matope ambiri ochita kupanga pakali pano amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zina zokhala ndi unyolo waukulu wa mamolekyulu. Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa glaze pamwamba pa glaze. Zothandizira zoyandama zidzakhudza kuchuluka kwa acid-base ndikukhudza fluidity ya glaze slurry. Zowonjezera zamatope zopanga nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maunyolo akuluakulu a mamolekyu ndipo sachedwa kuwira.
5) Organic zinthu mu zopangira
Zopangira mchere zimabweretsedwa muzinthu zachilengedwe chifukwa cha theka la moyo, kusiyanitsa ndi zina. Zina mwa zinthu zachilengedwezi zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala thovu la mpweya, kusefa ndi kutsekereza.
2. Kuwala koyambira sikukugwirizana bwino:
Kufananiza kwa thupi ndi glaze kungakambidwe m'magawo atatu: kufananiza kuchuluka kwa utsi wowotchera, kuyanika ndi kuwotcha kufananiza kwa shrinkage, ndi kufananiza kofananira. Tiyeni tiwasanthule limodzi ndi limodzi:
1) Kuwotcha kutha kwa nthawi yofananira
Panthawi yotentha ya thupi ndi glaze, kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala kudzachitika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, monga: kutsekemera kwa madzi, kutulutsa madzi a kristalo, kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa zinthu za organic ndi kuwonongeka kwa mchere, ndi zina zotero. ., zochitika zenizeni ndi kuwonongeka Kwa kutentha kwayesedwa ndi akatswiri akuluakulu, ndipo amakopera motere kuti afotokoze ① Kutentha kwa chipinda -100 digiri Celsius, madzi adsorbed volatilizes;
② 200-118 digiri Celsius madzi evaporation pakati zipinda ③ 350-650 madigiri Celsius kuwotcha zinthu organic, sulfate ndi sulfide kuwonongeka ④ 450-650 madigiri Celsius recombination galasi, Krustalo madzi kuchotsa ⑤ 573 madigiri Celsius 8 quartz 0-9 kutembenuka voliyumu 0-5, voliyumu kusintha 0-9 madigiri Celsius calcite, kuwonongeka kwa dolomite, gasi Kupatula ⑦ 700 digiri Celsius kuti apange magawo atsopano a silicate ndi zovuta za silicate.
Kutentha kofananirako komweku kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwongolero pakupanga kwenikweni, chifukwa giredi lazopangira zathu likutsika komanso kutsika, ndipo, pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, kuwombera kwamoto kukufupikira. Chifukwa chake, pa matailosi a ceramic, kutentha kofananirako komwe kukuwola kudzachedwetsedwanso chifukwa cha kuyaka mwachangu, ndipo ngakhale kutulutsa kwamphamvu m'malo otentha kumatha kuyambitsa zolakwika zosiyanasiyana. Kuphika dumplings, kuti apange kuphika mwamsanga, tiyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama pa khungu ndi stuffing, kupanga khungu woonda, kupanga zochepa stuffing kapena kupeza stuffing kuti n'zosavuta kuphika, etc. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi matailosi ceramic. Kuwotcha, kupatulira thupi, kuwombera glaze kufalikira ndi zina zotero. Ubale pakati pa thupi ndi glaze ndi wofanana ndi mapangidwe a atsikana. Iwo omwe awona zodzoladzola za atsikana sayenera kukhala ovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake pali glazes pansi ndi pamwamba glazes pa thupi. Cholinga chachikulu cha zodzoladzola sikubisa kuipa ndikuzikongoletsa! Koma ngati mwangozi mutuluka thukuta pang'ono, nkhope yanu imakhala yothimbirira, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi matupi. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi matailosi a ceramic. Poyambirira zidawotchedwa bwino, koma mapiniwo adawoneka mwangozi, ndiye chifukwa chiyani zodzoladzola zimasamala za kupuma ndikusankha malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khungu? Zodzoladzola zosiyana, kwenikweni, zonyezimira zathu ndizofanana, kwa matupi osiyanasiyana, timakhalanso ndi magalasi osiyanasiyana kuti tigwirizane nawo, matailosi a ceramic amawotchedwa kamodzi, ndinatchula m'nkhani yapitayi: Zidzakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zambiri ngati mpweya. kuchedwa ndi kuyambitsa bivalent zamchere earth zitsulo ndi carbonate. Ngati thupi lobiriwira latopa kale, gwiritsani ntchito ma frits ochulukirapo kapena yambitsani zitsulo zamchere zamchere zokhala ndi zida zotayika pang'ono. Mfundo yotopetsa ndi: kutentha kwa thupi lobiriwira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi glaze, kotero kuti pamwamba pa glazed ndi yokongola pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa gasi pansi, koma n'zovuta kukwaniritsa kupanga kwenikweni, ndi Kufewetsa kwa glaze kuyenera kusunthidwa bwino kuti mutsogolere kutuluka kwa Thupi.
2) Kuyanika ndi kuwombera shrinkage yofananira
Aliyense amavala zovala, ndipo ayenera kukhala omasuka, kapena ngati pali kusasamala pang'ono, misomali imatsegulidwa, ndipo glaze pathupi ili ngati zovala zomwe timavala, ndipo ziyenera kukwanira bwino! Choncho, kuyanika kwa glaze kuyeneranso kufanana ndi thupi lobiriwira, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu kapena laling'ono kwambiri, mwinamwake ming'alu idzawoneka panthawi yowuma, ndipo njerwa yomalizidwa idzakhala ndi zolakwika. Zoonadi, kutengera zomwe zachitika komanso luso la ogwira ntchito glaze panopa Amanenedwa kuti ili si vuto lovuta, ndipo otsutsa ambiri ndi abwino kwambiri pogwira dongo, kotero zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikuwoneka kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zambiri. mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa amapezeka m'mafakitale ena omwe amapangidwa movutirapo kwambiri.
3) Kukulitsa kofananira kofananira
Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa thupi lobiriwira kumakhala kokulirapo pang'ono kuposa glaze, ndipo glaze imakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakanthawi pambuyo powombera pathupi lobiriwira, kotero kuti kutentha kwa glaze kumakhala bwinoko ndipo sikophweka kusweka. . Ichinso ndi chiphunzitso chomwe tiyenera kuphunzira tikamaphunzira za silicates. Masiku angapo apitawo mnzanga anandifunsa: chifukwa chiyani kukula kwa glaze ndi kwakukulu kuposa thupi, kotero kuti mawonekedwe a njerwa adzagwedezeka, koma kukula kwa glaze ndi kocheperapo kusiyana ndi thupi, kotero njerwa idzagwedezeka. mawonekedwe ndi opindika? Ndizomveka kunena kuti kutenthedwa ndi kukulitsidwa, glaze ndi yaikulu kuposa maziko ndipo ndi yopindika, ndipo glaze ndi yaying'ono kusiyana ndi pansi ndipo imapindika ...
Sindikufulumira kupereka yankho, tiyeni tiwone chomwe coefficient of thermal expansion ndi. Choyamba, chiyenera kukhala mtengo. Ndi mtengo wanji? Ndilo mtengo wa kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chimasintha ndi kutentha. Chabwino, popeza imasintha ndi "kutentha", idzasintha pamene kutentha kumakwera ndikutsika. Kukula kowonjezera kwamafuta komwe timakonda kumatcha ceramics kwenikweni ndiko kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu. Coefficient ya kukula kwa voliyumu nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi kukula kwa mzere, komwe kumakhala pafupifupi 3 kuchulukitsa kwa mzere. Kukula koyezera koyezera nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi malo, ndiko kuti, "pamtundu wina wa kutentha". Mwachitsanzo, ndi mtundu wanji wokhotakhota womwe umakhala wamtengo wapatali wa 20-400 madigiri Seshasi onse? Ngati muumirira kuyerekeza mtengo wa madigiri 400 ndi madigiri 600 Inde, palibe mfundo yeniyeni yomwe ingatengedwe kuchokera kufananitsa.
Titamvetsetsa tanthauzo la coefficient yowonjezera, tiyeni tibwerere kumutu woyamba. Matailosi akatenthedwa mu ng'anjo, amakhala ndi magawo okulirapo komanso ocheperako. Tisaganizire za kusintha kwa kutentha kwapamwamba chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha ndi kuchepetsedwa kale. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa, pa kutentha kwakukulu, thupi lobiriwira ndi glaze ndi pulasitiki. Kunena mosapita m’mbali, iwo ndi ofewa, ndipo chisonkhezero cha mphamvu yokoka chimakhala chachikulu kuposa kukaniza kwawo. Momwemo, thupi lobiriwira ndilolunjika komanso lolunjika, ndipo coefficient yowonjezera imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa. Pambuyo pa matayala a ceramic adutsa gawo la kutentha kwambiri, amatha kuzizira mofulumira komanso kuzizira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tile ya ceramic imakhala yovuta kuchokera ku thupi la pulasitiki. Pamene kutentha kumachepa, voliyumu imachepa. Zoonadi, kukula kwa coefficient yowonjezera, kukula kwa shrinkage, ndi kakang'ono kamene kakukulirakulirako, kumachepetsanso kucheperako kofanana. Pamene coefficient yowonjezera ya thupi ndi yaikulu kuposa ya glaze, thupi limachepa kwambiri kuposa glaze panthawi yozizira, ndipo njerwa imapindika; ngati coefficient yowonjezera ya thupi ndi yaying'ono kuposa ya glaze, thupi limachepa popanda glaze panthawi yozizira. Ngati pali njerwa zambiri, njerwa zimagwedezeka, choncho sizovuta kufotokoza mafunso omwe ali pamwambawa!
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2024