Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether ndi mawu angapo kuti mupange zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi alkali cellulose ndikumupeza wothandizika pazinthu zina. Ma cellulose amasinthidwa ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana kuti apeze cellulose yosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ma ionization katundu wa magalimoto, cellulose edel amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: Ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose). Malinga ndi mtundu wa gawo lamitundu yamitundu itha kugawidwa mu monoether (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ethersed ether (monga hydroxypropyl celyiluse). Malinga ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, imatha kugawidwa m'madzi (monga hydrothyl cellulose) ndi matope osungunuka (monga ethyl sollulose makamaka, ndi ma cellose osungunuka madzi ndi Kugawikanso mtundu wa nthawi yomweyo ndipo nthaka yochitidwa idachedwa kufalitsa.
Limagwirira ku zochita za cellulose ether mu matope ndi motere:
. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kusanjikiza kwamawonekedwe opangidwa pamtunda wakunja, komwe kumapangitsa dongosolo la matope mokhazikika, komanso limasinthanso madzimadzi kwa matope nthawi yosakanikirana.
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1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Wokongoletsa wokonzayo atathandizidwa ndi alkali, cellulose ether amapangidwa kudzera mu mndandanda wazomwe zimachitika ndi methane chloride ngati wothandizira. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zolowa ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo solubility ndizosiyananso ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana. Ndi ya ether ether ether ether.
(1) Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake yothetsera matenda imakhala yokhazikika mu pro = 3 ~ 12. Imakhala ndi kulumikizana bwino ndi wowuma, Guar Gum, etc. ndi ambiri okonda. Kutentha kukafika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, gelation kumachitika.
. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu, kukoma mtima ndikochepa, ndipo ma virus ndi akulu, osunga madzi ndi okwera. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi osunga madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma virus sikuphatikizidwa mwachindunji pamlingo wamadzi osamala yamadzi. Chiwerengero chophweka chimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma cellulose tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pakati pa cellulose yomwe ili pamwambapa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl meth celyl cellulose imakhala ndi mitengo yapamwamba yamadzi.
(3) Kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri malo osungitsa madzi a methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kumadzaza madzi. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusunga madzi a methyl cellulose idzachepetsa kwambiri, kukhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka matope.
(4) Methyl cellulose imakhudzanso ntchito yomanga ndi kutsatira matope. "Zomatira" apa zikutanthauza mphamvu yotsatsira yomwe ikukhudzidwa pakati pa chida cha wogwira ntchito ndi khomalo, ndiye kuti, kung'amba matope. Kumatira ndikokwera, kukana matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zofunidwa ndi ogwira ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndizochulukirapo, ndipo zomangamanga za matope ndi osauka. Methyl cellulose yotsatira ndi pamlingo woyenera mu cellulose ether ether.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyll methylclulose ndi mitundu ya cellulose yomwe zotsatira zake ndi zochulukirapo zakhala zikuwonjezeka mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndiwopanda ma cellulose osakanizidwa ndi thonje lopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyeretsa, pogwiritsa ntchito ma propylen oxide ndi methyl chloride ngati zoyeserera. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 1.2 ~ 2.0. Katundu wake ndi wosiyana chifukwa cha ma ratios osiyanasiyana a methoxyl zomwe zili ndi hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypypyll methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta pakusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwamadzi otentha kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumathandizanso kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
. Kutentha kumakhudzanso mamasukidwe awo, pamene kutentha kumakulirakulira, ma virucy amachepetsa. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake okwera amakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa celyyl cellulose. Njira yake imakhala yokhazikika ikasungidwa kutentha.
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. Diasc Soda ndi madzi a laimu samalimbikitsa pang'ono pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwake ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe ake. Hydroxypylropyl ndi chokhazikika pamchere wambiri, koma pamene kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi yayitali, mamasukidwe a hydroxypropyl so methylcellulose yankho limayamba kuchuluka.
. Monga mowa wa mulyvinyl, madzi owuma, masamba chingamu, etc.
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3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (Hec)
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyeyeretsedwa limathandizidwa ndi alkali, ndipo anachita ndi Ethylene oxide ngati othandizila mu Acetune. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi
(1) Hydroxethyl cellose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake imakhazikika kutentha kwambiri osafuula. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa kutentha kwambiri kumatope, koma madzi ake ndi otsika kuposa a methyl cellulose.
(2) Volrorothyl cellulose ndi khola kwa onse ndi alkali. Alkali amathandizira kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera pang'ono mamasukidwe ake. Kubalalitsa kwake m'madzi kumakulitsa pang'ono kuposa kwa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl celluse. .
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4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether amapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) Pambuyo mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa sodium monochlorookertatetate monga momwe amathandizira. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 0,4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose ndizachilendo.
. Kutentha kukapitirira 50 ° C, ma virukoniwo sangasinthe.
(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Ph. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito matope a gypsum, koma osati matope a simenti. Mukakhala achibale, amataya mamasukidwe.
(4) Kusungidwa kwake kwamadzi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yobwezeretsa matope a gypsum ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
Wobwezeretsedwa Polymer park
Ufa wobwezeretsedwanso umakonzedwa ndi kupukuta kwa emulsion yapadera. Mukukonzekera kukonza, kuteteza colloid, odana ndi anti-caring edge, etc. kukhala zowonjezera zowonjezera. Ufa wowuma ndi tinthu ena ozungulira 80 ~ 100mm asonkhana palimodzi. Tinthu toyambitsa timasungunuka m'madzi ndikupanga zomwe zimabalalitsa pang'ono pang'ono kuposa gawo loyambirira la emulsion. Kubalalitsa kumeneku kumapanga filimu pambuyo pakuwuma ndi kuyanika. Kanemayu ndiwosasinthika monga momwe ambiri amasinthira, ndipo osatinso ndalama zikakumana ndi madzi. Kubala.
Ufa wokwezedwa wobwezeretsedwa ukhoza kuphatikizidwa: styrene-butadiene pobolic acid ethylene cololic acid, etc., vinyl lalunjika, ndi zina zambiri. Njira zosinthira zosiyanasiyana zimapangitsa kuti mphire wosinthidwa ndi mphira ukhale ndi katundu wosiyana ndi madzi monga kukana madzi, alkali akukana, kukana ndi kusinthasintha. Muli vinyl laurate ndi silicone, yomwe imatha kupanga ufa wa mphira uli ndi hydrophobicity yabwino. Wokhazikika wa vinyl wobiriwira kwambiri wokhala ndi mtengo wotsika wa TG ndi kusinthasintha.
Mitundu iyi ya mphira iyi ikayika matope, onse amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa nthawi ya simenti, koma kuchedwa kuli kocheperako kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kwa emulsions yofananayo. Poyerekeza, styrene-budiene ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yobwezeretsa, ndipo ethylene-vinyl acetate ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa. Ngati Mlingo wake ndi wocheperako, zotsatira za momwe matope amapangira matope sizachidziwikire.
Pulyprophenee ulusi
Fibern fiber imapangidwa ndi polypropylene ngati zosintha komanso kuchuluka koyenera. Mawonekedwe a fiber nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 40, mphamvu yayikulu ndi 300 ~ 4MPA, solusm modulus ndi ≥100mpa, ndipo ulesi kwambiri ndi 15 ~ 18%. Machitidwe ake:
. Ngati 1 makilogalamu a fibernyenee fiber amawonjezeredwa ku matoni aliwonse a matope, oposa 30 miliyoni amatha kupezeka.
. Ngakhale ming'aluyi ikuwoneka kapena ayi. Ndipo imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri magazi otuluka ndi kukhazikika kwa matope atsopano.
. Ndiye kuti, pomwe thupi la matondo limabala nkhawa chifukwa chosinthana, imatha kukana ndikufalitsa kupsinjika. Matope owumitsa matupi amthupi, amatha kukwaniritsa kupsinjika kwa nkhawa pamphumi ya kung'ambika ndikuletsa kukula kwa mpweya.
. Zida Zosakaniza zida, mtundu wa fiber ndi mlingo, kuchuluka kwa matope ndi magawo ake omwe onse adzapangitsa kuti kufalikira.
Mtumiki wa Air
Wothandizira ndege ndi mtundu wa zokonda zomwe zingapangitse ma thovu okhazikika mu konkriti kapena matope mwa njira zakuthupi. Pafupifupi: Rosin ndi ma poizoni ake, osakhala a ionic sulfonites, alkybnolzene salfonites, lignosulfnotes, carboxylic acid ndi mchere wawo, etc.
Othandizira mpweya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera kuphika matope ndi matope matope. Chifukwa chowonjezera othandizira mpweya, kusintha kwina kwa matope kufikitsidwa.
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. Ngati wothandizila wa mpweya ndi wogwiritsa ntchito madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndikoyenera, mtengo wake sudzachepera.
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Popeza kuchuluka kwa wothandizila kwa mpweya wowonjezera ndi kochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumangowerengera zikwi khumi ndi zikwi khumi ndi zikuluzikulu, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndizosasinthika ndipo zimasakanikirana mu matope; Zinthu monga njira zosangalatsa komanso nthawi yosangalatsa idzakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zochitika zapakhomo komanso zomangamanga, kuwonjezera othandizira opangira matope pamatope amafunika ntchito yambiri yoyesera.
Mthandizi Woyambirira
Amakonda kusintha mphamvu yoyambirira ya konkriti ndi sulfate zoyambirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, aluminium sulfate ndi potaziyamu alumate sulfate.
Nthawi zambiri, sodium sulfate kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mlingo wake ndi wotsika ndipo zotsatira zamphamvu ndizabwino, koma ngati mlingo wake ndi waukulu, nthawi yomweyo, alkali adabweranso zidzachitika, zomwe zingakhudze mawonekedwe ndi zotsatira za kukongoletsa kwapamwamba kwapamwamba.
Calcium Dectote ndinso wothandizira antiforashi wabwino. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yoyambirira yoyambirira, zotsatira zoyipa, kuphatikiza bwino ndi ma admintires ena, ndipo zinthu zambiri zimakhala bwino kuposa zolimbitsa thupi zoyambirira, koma mtengo wake ndiwokwera.
antifulizi
Ngati matope amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha koyipa, ngati palibe adziyare, zowonongeka zowonongeka zidzachitika ndipo mphamvu ya mpweya wowuma idzawonongedwa. Zipewa za antifu zimasokoneza kuwonongeka kwa njira ziwiri zopewera kuzizira ndi kukonza mphamvu yoyambirira ya matope.
Mwa zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito zofala za antifazi, calcium nitrite ndi sodium nitrite ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Popeza calcium nitrite alibe potaziyamu ndi sodium, imatha kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa alkali ophatikizika mukamagwiritsa ntchito matope, pomwe sodium nitrite ali ndi vuto labwino. Antifupy imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi othandizira oyambira olimbitsa thupi ndi kutsika kwamadzi kuti apeze zotsatira zokhutiritsa. Matope owuma ndi matontho owuma ndi kutentha kosakanikirana, kutentha kwa osakaniza kuyenera kuwonjezeka moyenera, monga kusakaniza ndi madzi ofunda.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa masitepe kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kumachepetsa mphamvu yamatope pambuyo pake, ndipo matope owuma adzakhala ndi mavuto monga alkali akubweranso, zomwe zingakhudze mawonekedwe ndi zotsatira za zokongoletsera zapamwamba .
Post Nthawi: Jan-16-2023