Konkriti: katundu, zowonjezera zowonjezera komanso zowongolera zabwino

Konkriti ndi zinthu zomangamanga kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kukhazikika, komanso kusiyanasiyana. Nayi ndalama zowonjezera za konkriti, zowonjezera wamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera zinthu izi, zolimbikitsira zowonjezera, komanso njira zoyenera zowongolera:

Katundu wa konkriti:

1. Mphamvu Yopsinjika: Kutha kwa konkriti kutsutsa anzeru am'mimba, kuyeza mapaundi pa extch (PSI) kapena megapascals (MPA).
2. Mphamvu yakuwoneka: kuthekera kwa konkriti kuti mupewe zovuta, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yovuta.
3. Kukhazikika: Kukaniza kwa konkriti ku nyengo, kuwukira kwa mankhwala, abrasion, ndi mitundu ina ya kuwonongeka kwa nthawi.
4. Kugwira ntchito: Kumasuka komwe kumatha kusakanikirana, kuyikidwa, kolumikizidwa, ndikumaliza kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe ndi kumaliza.
5. Kuchulukitsa: Unyinji pa unit gawo la simenti ya konkriti, lomwe limapangitsa kunenepa komanso mphamvu zake.
6. Shrinkage ndi kugwedezeka: Kusintha kwa voliyumu ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthawi chifukwa choyanika, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, komanso malo okhala.
7. Kukhazikika: Kuyerekeza kwa konkrete kutsutsana ndi madzi, mipweya, ndi zinthu zina pama pores ndi capillaries.

Zowonjezera wamba komanso ntchito zawo:

1. Mankhwala ochepetsa madzi (superplariction): Sinthani kutopa ndikuchepetsa madzi osapereka mphamvu.
2. Othandizira a mpweya: Fotokozerani microscopic Air Bubbles kuti muchepetse kusinthana ndi kugwirira ntchito.
3. Ogulitsa: Kuchedwa kukhazikitsa nthawi yololeza nthawi yayitali, kuyikidwa, ndi nthawi zomaliza.
4. Othandizira: Kuthamanga Kutalika nthawi, makamaka kopindulitsa nyengo yozizira.
5. Pozolalans (mwachitsanzo, phulusa phulusa, silika fume): Kupititsa mphamvu mphamvu, kukhazikika, komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa ndi calcium hydroxide kupanga zowonjezera.
6. Mitengo (mwachitsanzo, chitsulo, chopanga): Kulimbana kovuta, kukana kwamphamvu, komanso mphamvu yakuliya.
7. Zilonda Zoyipa: Kuteteza Kukhazikika Kutsutsana ndi kutumphuka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ma ayoride a chloride.

Andertive owonjezera owonjezera:

• Ma ratios azowonjezera amadalira zinthu monga zokongoletsera, zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi zofunika polojekiti.
• Ma ratios nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa simenti kapena konkriti kwathunthu.
• Mlingo uyenera kutsimikizika potengera kuyezetsa kwa labotale, kusakaniza mayesero, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito.

Njira Zowongolera Zowongolera:

1. Zipangizo zoyeserera: Khazikitsani mayeso pazinthu zopangira (mwachitsanzo, ophatikizidwa, simenti, owonjezera, owonjezera) kuti awonetsetse miyezo yoyenerera ndi malamulo oyenera.
2. Kubera ndi kusakaniza: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyezera zoyeza ndi zoyezera kuti zitheke, ndikutsatira njira zoyenera kuti mukwaniritse bwino kuti mukwaniritse bwino komanso kusasinthasintha.
3. Kuyeserera ndi Kuyeserera Kwakusintha: Chitaye mayeso, mayeso oyenda, kapena mayeso a rheological kuti ayesetse kugwirizanitsa komanso kusinthira kuchuluka komwe pakufunika.
4. Kuchirikiza: khalani ndi njira zochiriririra bwino (mwachitsanzo, kukongoletsa zonyowa, kuthira mankhwala, kuchiritsa ma membranes) kuti muchepetse kuyanika musanayime ndikulimbikitsa hydration.
5. Kuyezetsa mphamvu: kuwunikira kulimba kwamphamvu kudzera mu njira zoyeserera (mwachitsanzo, mayeso osokoneza bongo) m'mibadwo yosiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire kutsatira zomwe mukufuna kutsatira.
6. Mapulogalamu abwino / owongolera bwino (QA / QC): Khazikitsani mapulogalamu a QA / QC omwe amaphatikizapo kuyeserera pafupipafupi, zolemba, ndi zochita zowongolera kusinthana.

Mwa kumvetsetsa katundu wa konkriti, kusankha zowonjezera zoyenera, kuwongolera zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zowonjezera, opanga amatha kupanga ma consitive apamwamba kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa magwiridwe antchito.