1 Mawu Oyamba
Ma cellulose ether (MC) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga zida zomangira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirapo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati retarder, chosungira madzi, thickener ndi zomatira. Mu matope wamba owuma, matope akunja otchinjiriza, matope odzipangira okha, zomatira matailosi, ma putty owoneka bwino kwambiri, mkati ndi kunja kwa khoma putty, matope osakanizidwa ndi madzi owuma, pulasitala ya gypsum, caulking agent ndi zida zina, cellulose Ethers amagwira ntchito yofunika. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi chikoka chofunikira pakusunga madzi, kufunikira kwa madzi, kugwirizana, kuchedwetsa komanso kupanga matope.
Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe a cellulose ethers. Ma cellulose ether omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zomangira amaphatikiza HEC, HPMC, CMC, PAC, MHEC, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina osiyanasiyana amatope malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo. Anthu ena achita kafukufuku wokhudza kutengera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether pamatope a simenti. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana pa maziko awa ndikufotokozera momwe mungasankhire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cellulose ethers muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatope.
2 Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a cellulose ether mumatope a simenti
Monga kusakaniza kofunikira mumatope owuma a ufa, cellulose ether imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri mumatope. Udindo wofunikira kwambiri wa cellulose ether mumatope a simenti ndikusunga madzi ndikukhuthala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cholumikizana ndi makina a simenti, imatha kukhalanso ndi gawo lothandizira pakulowetsa mpweya, kuchedwetsa kukhazikika, komanso kukulitsa mphamvu zomangira zomangira.
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya cellulose ether mumatope ndikusunga madzi. Cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophatikizira chofunikira pafupifupi muzinthu zonse zamatope, makamaka chifukwa cha kusunga madzi. Nthawi zambiri, kusungidwa kwamadzi kwa cellulose ether kumakhudzana ndi kukhuthala kwake, kuchuluka kwake komanso kukula kwa tinthu.
Ma cellulose ether amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, ndipo makulidwe ake amalumikizana ndi digiri ya etherification, kukula kwa tinthu, kukhuthala ndi kusinthidwa kwa digiri ya cellulose ether. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa etherification ndi mamasukidwe a cellulose ether, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, m'pamenenso zimawonekera kwambiri. Posintha mawonekedwe omwe ali pamwambapa a MC, matope amatha kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito oyenera odana ndi sagging komanso mamasukidwe abwino kwambiri.
Mu cellulose ether, kuyambitsa gulu la alkyl kumachepetsa mphamvu yamadzi amadzimadzi okhala ndi cellulose ether, kotero kuti cellulose ether imakhala ndi mpweya wolowera pamatope a simenti. Kulowetsa thovu loyenera la mpweya mumatope kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga matope ikhale yabwino chifukwa cha "mphamvu ya mpira" ya thovu la mpweya. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kumayambiriro mpweya thovu kumawonjezera linanena bungwe mlingo wa matope. Zoonadi, kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kumafunika kuwongoleredwa. Kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya wambiri kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mphamvu ya matope, chifukwa mavuvu owopsa a mpweya akhoza kuyambitsidwa.
2.1 Cellulose ether idzachedwetsa ndondomeko ya hydration ya simenti, potero imachepetsa kuyika ndi kuuma kwa simenti, ndikutalikitsa nthawi yotsegulira matope moyenerera, koma izi sizili bwino kwa matope m'madera ozizira. Posankha cellulose ether, mankhwala oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya cellulose ether kumakulitsidwa makamaka ndikuwonjezeka kwa digiri yake ya etherification, digirii yosintha komanso kukhuthala.
Kuonjezera apo, ether ya cellulose, monga chinthu chautali wautali wa polima, imatha kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizanowu ndi gawo lapansi pambuyo powonjezeredwa ku simenti ya simenti pansi pa malo osungira bwino chinyezi cha slurry.
2.2 The katundu mapadi etero mu matope makamaka monga: kusungira madzi, thickening, kutalikitsa atakhala nthawi, entraining mpweya ndi kuwongolera kumakoka kugwirizana mphamvu, etc. Mogwirizana ndi katundu pamwamba, izo zikusonyezedwa mu makhalidwe a MC palokha, ndicho: mamasukidwe akayendedwe, bata, zili zosakaniza yogwira (kuchuluka kuchuluka), digiri ya kusinthidwa okhutira, yunifolomu digiri kusinthidwa, etc. Chifukwa chake, posankha MC, ether ya cellulose yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe angapereke ntchito yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za chinthu china chamatope kuti chigwire ntchito inayake.
3 Makhalidwe a cellulose ether
Nthawi zambiri, malangizo mankhwala operekedwa ndi mapadi etero opanga zikuphatikizapo zizindikiro zotsatirazi: maonekedwe, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, digiri ya m'malo gulu, fineness, yogwira zinthu zili (kuyera), okhutira chinyezi, analimbikitsa madera ndi mlingo, etc. zizindikiro ntchito izi zikhoza kusonyeza mbali ya udindo wa mapadi efa, koma poyerekeza ndi kusankha mapadi efa, mbali zina, monga kusinthidwa mtengo wake, DS digiri, ether okhutira ndi digiri ya NaCther. iyeneranso kuwunikiridwa.
3.1 Viscosity ya cellulose ether
Kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether kumakhudza kasungidwe ka madzi, makulidwe, kuchedwa ndi zina. Chifukwa chake, ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakuwunika ndikusankha cellulose ether.
Tisanayambe kukambirana za kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pali njira zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether: Brookfield, Hakke, Höppler, ndi viscometer yozungulira. Zida, kuyika kwa mayankho ndi malo oyesera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zinayi ndizosiyana, kotero zotsatira za yankho lomwelo la MC loyesedwa ndi njira zinayi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale yankho lomwelo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo, kuyesa pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, kukhuthala
Zotsatira zimasiyananso. Chifukwa chake, pofotokoza kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa, kuyika yankho, rotor, liwiro lozungulira, kuyesa kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi zina zachilengedwe. Mtengo wa viscosity uwu ndi wofunika. Ndizopanda tanthauzo kungonena kuti "kukhuthala kwa MC wina ndi chiyani".
3.2 Kukhazikika Kwazinthu za Cellulose Ether
Ma cellulose ether amadziwika kuti amatha kugwidwa ndi nkhungu za cellulosic. Bowawo akamawononga cellulose ether, amayamba kuukira gawo la glucose lomwe silinatenthedwe mu cellulose ether. Monga chophatikizira chofananira, gawo la glucose likangowonongeka, unyolo wonse wama cell umasweka, ndipo kukhuthala kwazinthu kumatsika kwambiri. Glucose unit ikasinthidwa, nkhungu sizingawononge unyolo wa maselo. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa etherification m'malo mwapamwamba (mtengo wa DS) wa cellulose ether, kukhazikika kwake kudzakhala kokwezeka.
3.3 Zomwe zili mu cellulose ether
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu cellulose ether, zimakwera mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kuti zotsatira zabwino zitheke ndi mlingo womwewo. Chomwe chimathandiza mu cellulose ether ndi cellulose ether molecule, yomwe ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, pakuwunika momwe zinthu zilili mu cellulose ether, zitha kuwonetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mtengo waphulusa pambuyo powerengera.
3.4 Zomwe zili mu NaCl mu cellulose ether
NaCl ndi chinthu chomwe sichingalephereke popanga cellulose ether, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuchapa kangapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zochapira, NaCl imatsalirabe. NaCl ndi chiwopsezo chodziwika bwino cha kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo zazitsulo ndi ma mesh. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kutsuka kwa zimbudzi pakutsuka NaCl nthawi zambiri kumatha kuonjezera mtengo, posankha zinthu za MC, tiyenera kuyesetsa kusankha zinthu zomwe zili ndi NaCl yochepa.
4 Mfundo zakusankha cellulose ether pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatope
Posankha ether ya cellulose pazinthu zamatope, choyamba, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa bukhu la mankhwala, sankhani zizindikiro zake zomwe zimagwira ntchito (monga viscosity, digiri ya etherification substitution, zinthu zothandiza, NaCl content, etc.) Makhalidwe ogwira ntchito ndi mfundo zosankhidwa.
4.1 Dongosolo la pulasitala woonda
Kutenga pulasitala ya pulasitala ya dongosolo woonda pulasitala monga chitsanzo, popeza pulasitala matope mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi chilengedwe chakunja, pamwamba amataya madzi mwamsanga, choncho mlingo wapamwamba kusunga madzi chofunika. Makamaka panthawi yomanga m'chilimwe, pamafunika kuti matope amatha kusunga chinyezi pa kutentha kwakukulu. Ndikofunikira kusankha MC yokhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chosungira madzi, chomwe chitha kuganiziridwa mozama kudzera m'magawo atatu: kukhuthala, kukula kwa tinthu, ndi kuchuluka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, mumikhalidwe yomweyi, sankhani MC yokhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba, ndipo poganizira zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, kukhuthala sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri. Choncho, MC yosankhidwa iyenera kukhala ndi madzi osungira madzi ambiri komanso mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri. Pakati mankhwala MC, MH60001P6 etc. akhoza akulimbikitsidwa zomatira pulasitala dongosolo woonda pulasitala.
4.2 Dongo la pulasitala lopangidwa ndi simenti
Kupaka matope kumafunika kuti matopewo azifanana bwino, ndipo ndi kosavuta kuyikapo mofanana popaka pulasitala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamafunika ntchito yabwino yotsutsa-sagging, mphamvu yopopa kwambiri, fluidity ndi workability. Chifukwa chake, MC yokhala ndi mamasukidwe otsika, kubalalitsidwa mwachangu komanso kukula kosasinthika (tinthu tating'onoting'ono) mumatope a simenti amasankhidwa.
Pomanga zomatira matailosi, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri, zimafunika makamaka kuti matope azikhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotsegulira komanso ntchito yabwino yotsutsana ndi slide, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imafuna mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa gawo lapansi ndi tile. Chifukwa chake, zomatira zamatayilo zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pa MC. Komabe, MC nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zomatira zomatira kwambiri. Posankha MC, kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa nthawi yayitali yotsegulira, MC imayenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafuna kukhuthala koyenera, kuchuluka kwake ndi kukula kwa tinthu. Kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yabwino yotsutsa-kutsetsereka, kukhuthala kwa MC ndikwabwino, kotero kuti matope amakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kosunthika, ndipo kukhuthala kuli ndi zofunikira zina pa kukhuthala, digiri ya etherification ndi kukula kwa tinthu.
4.4 Mtondo wodziyimira pawokha
Mtondo wodziyimira pawokha uli ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pakuchita bwino kwa matope, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zotsika zama cellulose ether. Popeza kudziwongolera kumafuna kuti matope osakanikirana azitha kugwedezeka pansi, madzimadzi ndi madzi amafunikira, kotero kuti chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi zinthu ndi chachikulu. Pofuna kupewa kutuluka kwa magazi, MC imafunika kuwongolera kusungidwa kwa madzi pamtunda ndikupereka mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuti ateteze kugwa.
4.5 Mtondo wamiyala
Chifukwa chakuti matope omangira amalumikizana mwachindunji pamwamba pa zomanga, nthawi zambiri amakhala wosanjikiza. Mtondo umafunika kuti ukhale wogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kusunga madzi, ndipo ukhoza kutsimikiziranso mphamvu yogwirizanitsa ndi zomangamanga, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Choncho, MC yosankhidwa iyenera kuthandizira matope kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yomwe ili pamwambayi, ndipo kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu.
4.6 Insulation slurry
Popeza slurry yotenthetsera yotentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamanja, pamafunika kuti MC yosankhidwayo ipatse matope kuti azitha kugwira bwino ntchito, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kusunga bwino madzi. MC iyeneranso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso kulowetsa mpweya wambiri.
5 Mapeto
Ntchito za cellulose ether mumtondo wa simenti ndikusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya, kuchedwetsa komanso kuwongolera mphamvu zomangira zomangira, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-30-2023