Kukonzekera kwa carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi wosunthika wopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose, yomwe ndi polysaccharide yachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka m'makoma a cellulose. CMC imapeza ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, nsalu, mapepala, ndi ena ambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zake zapadera monga kukhuthala, kukhazikika, kumanga, kupanga mafilimu, komanso kusunga madzi. Kukonzekera kwa CMC kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo kuyambira pakuchotsa cellulose kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zotsatiridwa ndi kusinthidwa kwake kuti ayambitse magulu a carboxymethyl.

1. Kutulutsa Ma cellulose:
Gawo loyamba pokonzekera CMC ndikuchotsa mapadi kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe monga zamkati zamatabwa, ma linter a thonje, kapena ulusi wina wa mbewu. Selulosi nthawi zambiri imapezeka kudzera munjira zingapo kuphatikiza pulping, bleaching, ndi kuyeretsa. Mwachitsanzo, zamkati zamatabwa zitha kupezedwa ndi makina kapena njira zamakina zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndikutsuka ndi chlorine kapena hydrogen peroxide kuchotsa zonyansa ndi lignin.

2. Kuyambitsa Ma cellulose:
Ma cellulose akatulutsidwa, amafunika kuyatsidwa kuti athandizire kuyambitsa magulu a carboxymethyl. Kutsegula kumatheka pochiza mapadi ndi alkali monga sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kapena sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) pansi pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika. Kuchiza kwa alkali kumakulitsa ulusi wa cellulose ndikuwonjezera kuyambiranso kwawo pophwanya ma intra and intermolecular hydrogen bond.

3. Carboxymethylation Reaction:
Ma cellulose omwe adalowetsedwa ndiye kuti amakhudzidwa ndi carboxymethylation pomwe magulu a carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) amalowetsedwa m'magulu a hydroxyl a unyolo wa cellulose. Izi zimachitika potengera cellulose yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) pamaso pa chothandizira zamchere monga sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Zomwe zimachitika zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Zomwe zimachitikira kuphatikiza kutentha, nthawi yochitira, kuchuluka kwa ma reagents, ndi pH zimayendetsedwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire zokolola zambiri komanso kuchuluka komwe kumafunikira (DS) komwe kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwamagulu a carboxymethyl omwe amayambitsidwa pamtundu wa shuga wa cellulose.

4. Kusalowerera ndale ndi Kuchapa:
Pambuyo pa kachitidwe ka carboxymethylation, cellulose ya carboxymethyl imasinthidwa kuti ichotse alkali wochulukirapo komanso chloroacetic acid yomwe sinachitike. Izi zimatheka ndi kutsuka mankhwala ndi madzi kapena kuchepetsa asidi njira kenako kusefera kulekanitsa olimba CMC kusakaniza anachita.

5. Kuyeretsedwa:
CMC yoyeretsedwa imatsukidwa ndi madzi kangapo kuti ichotse zonyansa monga mchere, ma reagents osakhudzidwa, ndi zinthu zina. Sefa kapena centrifugation angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa CMC woyeretsedwa ndi madzi osamba.

6. Kuyanika:
Pomaliza, cellulose yoyeretsedwa ya carboxymethyl imawumitsidwa kuti ichotse chinyezi chotsalira ndikupeza chinthu chomwe mukufuna ngati ufa wowuma kapena ma granules. Kuyanika kutha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana monga kuyanika mpweya, kuumitsa ndi vacuum, kapena kuyanika mopopera malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna.

7. Makhalidwe ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino:
ZoumaCMCChogulitsacho chimayikidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana monga Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ndi miyeso ya viscosity kutsimikizira kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, kuchuluka kwake, kulemera kwa maselo, ndi kuyera. Mayeso owongolera upangiri amachitidwanso kuti awonetsetse kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake.

Kukonzekera kwa carboxymethyl cellulose kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo kuphatikizapo kuchotsa cellulose kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, activation, carboxymethylation reaction, neutralization, kuyeretsa, kuyanika, ndi maonekedwe. Gawo lirilonse limafuna kuwongolera mosamalitsa zomwe zimachitika komanso magawo kuti akwaniritse zokolola zambiri, zomwe amafunikira m'malo, komanso mtundu wa chomaliza. CMC ndi polima yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso kusinthasintha.