1 Kuyamba
Pakadali pano, zopangira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekeracellulose etherndi thonje, ndipo kutulutsa kwake kukuchepa, ndipo mtengo ukukweranso;
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi monga chloroceic asidi (poizoni kwambiri) ndi ethylene oxide (carcinogenic) amakhalanso wovulaza thupi komanso chilengedwe. Buku
M'mutu uno, celluuse cellulose yokhala ndi chiyero cha paini ndi choyera cha zoposa 90% zomwe zimatumizidwa mu chaputala chachiwiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, ndi sodium chlorocethate ndi 2-chlororoenol amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choloweza m'malo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito alloroc chloroc chlorokec acid monga wothandizika, anionicCarboxymethyl cellulose (cmc), Noonic hydrothyl cellulose adakonzedwa.
Cellulose (hec) ndi kusakaniza hydroxethyl carboxymethyl cellose (Hecmc) celloling cell. chinthu chimodzi
Njira zokonzekera cellulose yokhazikika zimathandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zoyeserera ndi zoyeserera za Ortholonal, ndipo cellulose yophatikizika, komanso cellulose yolumikizidwa imadziwika ndi FT-IR, xrd, H-NMR, etc.
Zoyambira za cellulose
Mfundo ya cellulose yoyeserera ikhoza kugawidwa magawo awiri. Gawo loyamba ndi njira yolumikizira, ndiye kuti, mkati mwa ma cellulose,
Ofalikira ku Naoh yankho, paini ya paini amatupa mwankhanza pansi pa zomwe zidayambitsa makina, komanso kukula kwa madzi
Kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu tating'onoting'ono a Naoh adalowa mkati mwa cellulose, ndipo adachitapo kanthu m'magulu a hydroxyl pamtunda wa glucose
Amapanga ma cellulose cellulose, likulu logwira ntchito.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi njira yobwezera, ndiye kuti, yomwe ili pakati pa Sodium chloroceatete kapena 2-chlororothanol mikhalidwe ya alkalinine, zomwe zimayambitsa
Nthawi yomweyo, sodium sodium chloroceacetate ndi 2-chloroethanol idzatulutsanso madzi pamtundu wa alkalinine.
NJIRA ZABWINO zimathetsedwa kuti zipangitse sodium gllcolate ndi ethylene glycol, motsatana.
2 alkali alkali decalstaltion kukopeka kwa paini
Choyamba, konzekerani ndende ina ya Naoh yothetsera madzi osankhidwa. Kenako, pamtunda winawake, 2g ya pine
Vitamini idasungunuka mu buku lina la Naoh yankho, olimbikitsidwa kwakanthawi, kenako osasefedwa.
Wopanga Chida
PH Mitation
Kutola Mtundu Wosonkhanitsa Kutentha Kutentha Magnetic
Vacuum youma uvuni
Kusamala kwamagetsi
Kutulutsa njira yam'madzi angapo pamp
Masinthidwe aifiefform
X-ray Diffcometer
Magilear magnetic resometer spectrometer
Clungzhou Polilong Corment Co., Ltd.
Chida cha Hangezhou Huituaang Chida co., Ltd.
Shanghai Jinghong Wordontal zida zina Co., Ltd.
Chida cha Tolettle Toledo (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou David Science ndi maphunziro a CO., LTD.
American thermo Fisher Co., Ltd.
American thermoelectric Swatzerland Arl Company
Swiss Company
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Kukonzekera kwa masentimita
Kugwiritsa ntchito pine Wood Alkali cellulose yopangidwa ndi alkali alkalictalsstallization monga raw, pogwiritsa ntchito ethanol monga kusungunulira ndikugwiritsa ntchito sodium chloro
CMC yokhala ndi DS yapamwamba idakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera alkali kawiri ndikumupeza wothandizira kawiri. Onjezani 2g Wood Wood Alkali cellulose m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, kenako onjezani mawu a ethanol, ndikuyambitsa bwino 30min
Pafupifupi, kotero kuti ma cellulose apachibale amabalalika kwathunthu. Kenako onjezani kuchuluka kwa alkali ndi sodium chloroceate kuti muchite kanthawi kosinthasintha
Pambuyo pa nthawi, kuphatikiza kwachiwiri kwa wothandizira alkaline wa alkaline ndi sodium chloroceatete pambuyo pake ndikutsatiridwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pa zomwe zidachitika, zitsime pansi ndikuzizirala, ndiye
Kusinthana ndi kuchuluka kwa acetic acid, ndiye Fweto yolumikizana, sambani ndi youma.
Kukonzekera kwa Hecs
Kugwiritsa ntchito PANODE Wood Alkali cellulose yopangidwa ndi alkali dickisstallization monga raw, ethanol monga zosungunulira ndi 2-chlororothal
Hec yokhala ndi ma ms apamwamba adakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera alkali kawiri ndikumupeza wothandizira kawiri. Onjezani 2g Wood Wood Alkali cellulose mu valoseki yokhotakhota, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa 90% (kachulukidwe kachulukidwe) Ethanol, chipwirikiti
Muziganiza kwa nthawi yayitali kuti mubalalike kwathunthu, kenako onjezani kuchuluka kwa alkali, ndipo kutentha pang'onopang'ono, onjezani kuchuluka kwa 2-
Chlororoethal chiza
Pambuyo pa zomwe zimachitika, zimasamwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa acetic acid, ndipo pamapeto pake zafafa ndi zosefera zagalasi (g3), kuchapa, ndi kouma.
Kukonzekera kwa hemcc
Kugwiritsa ntchito hec yokonzedwa mu 3.2.3.4 Monga chomera, ethanol monga momwe sodium, ndi sodium chlorooceate monga kukonzekera
Hecmc. Njira yakeyo ndi iyi: Tengani kuchuluka kwa Hec, ikani muyeso wa 100 ml, kenako onjezerani voliyumu inayake
90% Ethanol, mwanga makina nthawi yayitali kuti zitheke, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa alkali atatenthetsa, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono
Sodium chloroceatete, kusintha kwa kutentha kosalekeza kumatha patapita nthawi. Pambuyo pa zomwe zimamalizidwa, zimathetsa bwino ndi acetic acid kuti athetse, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito zosefera zagalasi (g3)
Pambuyo pottiction fildition, kuchapa ndi kuyanika.
Kuyeretsa kwa Cellulose Eders
Pokonza ma etheese ether, zina mwazinthu zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri, makamaka mafuta a soloric cloride ndi ena
zodetsa. Pofuna kukonza mtundu wa ether ether, kuti kuyeretsa kosavuta kunachitika pa etherse ya celluuse. chifukwa ali m'madzi
Pali kusandulika kosiyanasiyana, kotero kuyesa kumathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la hydrated Ethanol kuti ayeretse okonzekera cellulose yolimba edzoto.
sinthani.
Ikani ma cellulose ether ether adakonzedwa ndi mtundu wina mu chomera, onjezerani zochuluka za 80% zomwe zakonzedwa mpaka 60 ~ 65 ~ 65 ~ 65 ~ 65 ~ kwa 10 ℃. min. Tengani subnatant youma
Mu chopaka choyera, gwiritsani ntchito siliva nitrate kuti ayang'anire ma ayoride a chloride. Ngati pali choyera choyera, fyuluta kudzera mu fyuluta yagalasi ndikumakhala yolimba
Bwerezani zomwe zalembedwa kale, mpaka kusefera pambuyo powonjezera 1 dontho la agno3 alibe zoyera, ndiye kuti, kutsuka ndi kutsuka kumalizidwa.
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kulowa (makamaka kuti muchotsere zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Nacl). Pambuyo pakuyamwa kutentha, kuyanika, kuzizira kutentha kwa chipinda ndikulemera.
misa, g.
Kuyesa ndi njira zodziwikiratu za cellulose et
Kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa zolowa m'malo (DS) ndi kuchuluka kwa molar (ms)
Kutsimikiza kwa DS: Choyamba, cholemera 0.2 g (cholondola mpaka 0.1 mg) la ma celluuse ndi owuma ether, amasungunula mkati
80ml ya madzi osungunuka, osunthidwa mu madzi osamba osamba pa 30 ℃ ~ 40 ℃ kwa 10min. Kenako sinthani ndi sulfuric acid yankho kapena yankho la Naohh
PH ya yankho mpaka Ph ya yankho ndi 8. Kenako mu Beaker okhala ndi electrode yokhazikika, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la sulfuric acid
Kwa Tittete, pansi pamalo osinthira, amasunga kuwerenga kwa ph mita pomwe kuwerengera, pomwe PH yamtengo wa yankho imasinthidwa kukhala 3.74,
Choyimira chatcheru chimatha. Onani kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid moyenera yankho panthawiyi.
Mbadwo:
Kuchuluka kwa manambala a proton ndi gulu la hydroxyethyl
Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha ma protoni apamwamba; I7 ndi unyinji wa gulu la methylene pa gulu la hydroxyethyl
Kukula kwa proton resonance fak; kukula kwa proton resonance kumalumikizana ndi magulu asanu ndi gulu limodzi la methynene pa cellulose glucose
Ndalama.
Njira zoyeserera zomwe zafotokozedwera mawonekedwe a cellulose atatu a cmc, hec ndi heecmc
Lamulo
3.2.4.3 xrd
Kusanthula kwa X-ray kumayesedwa kwa ma cellose atatu cell cmc, hec ndi heecmc
Njira yoyeserera yofotokozedwayo.
3.2.4.4 Kuyesa kwa H-NMR
Spectrometer ya Hec idayesedwa ndi Adnce400 h nmr chiwonetsero chopangidwa ndi kumera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma dimthyl dimethyl Provedodide, yankho lake lidayesedwa ndi madzi hydrogen nmrporopy. Kuyeserera pafupipafupi kunali 75.5mhz.
Wofunda, yankho lake ndi 0.5ml.
3.3 zotsatira ndi kusanthula
3.3.1 Kutsanzira kwa CMC Kukonzanso Konzekerani
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cellose omwe amapezeka mu mutu wachiwiri ngati zopangira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito sodium chloroacetate monga Wothandizila, njira yoyesera yokhayo idakhazikitsidwa,
Njira yokonzekera ya cmc idakonzedwa, ndipo zosintha zoyambirira za kuyesera zidakhazikitsidwa monga zikuwonekera patebulo 3.3. Izi ndi njira yokonzekera hec
Zaluso, kusanthula kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Gome 3.3 Koyamba Mfundo Zofunika
Chovala Choyambira
Kukopa Kutha Kuthetsa kutentha / ℃ 40
Kukopa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi / H 1
Kukopa Kokhazikika-Mafuta / (G / ML) 1:25
Chiwerewere cha Lye ndende /% 40
38
Kutentha koyamba kwa gawo / ℃ 45
Nthawi Yoyambira Poyamba / H 1
Kutentha kwachiwiri kwa Etherthever / ℃ 70
Chachiwiri Gawo Loyeserera Nthawi / H 1
Mlingo wa base mu Etherition Gawo / g 2
Kuchuluka kwa wothandizika mu embinication Gawo / g 4.3
Gwiritsani ntchito radio yamadzimadzi / (g / ml) 1:15
3.3.1.1 Kutengera Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana pa CMC Kugwiritsa Ntchito Gawo la Alkishition
1. Zotsatira za Kutentha Kwa Kutentha Kwambiri pa Gawo Lokhazikika la CMC
Kutentha kwa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholowa m'malo mwa cmc, pokonza zinthu zina monga mfundo zoyambirira,
Pansi pa mikhalidwe, zotsatira za kusintha kwa ma cell kumayimitsa pa digiri ya CMC ikukambidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonetsedwa mkuyu.
Kukopa Kutha Kuthetsa kutentha / ℃
Zotsatira za kukongoletsa kusintha kutentha pa CMC
Itha kuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa mizere yolowera kwa CMC kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ma alkalilization ndi 30 ° C.
Madigiri omwe ali pamwambapa amatsika ndi kutentha kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo mamolekyulu sakhala ocheperako
Kuwononga malo a crystalline a cellulose, komwe kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ikhale yovuta kuti ilowetse mkati mwa cellulose munthawi yosangalatsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika ndizokwera kwambiri.
otsika, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa zinthu. Komabe, kudzitenthetsa kwa nthawi sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, pansi pa kuchitaponthe kutentha kwambiri ndi alkali wamphamvu,
Ma cellulose amayamba kuwonongeka kwa maxina, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolowetsa kwa CMC kumachepa.
2. Mphamvu ya kukongoletsa ma alkinirization nthawi ya digiri ya CMC
Pansi pa vuto kuti kutentha kwa ma frecalization ndi 30 ° C ndi zinthu zina ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya ma cmc yafotokozedwe.
Zotsatira za kuloweza. Kuchuluka kwa zolowa m'malo
Kukopa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi / H
Zotsatira za kukongoletsa ma alkinization nthawiCmcdigiri yolowa m'malo
Njira yonyamula katunduyo imafulumira, koma ma alkali alkali amafunikira nthawi ina yovuta.
Itha kuwoneka kuti nthawi ya ma alkisalization ndi 0,5-1.5h, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi ya alkisalization.
Mulingo wazolowa zomwe zaperekedwa zinali zapamwamba kwambiri nthawi yomwe inali 1.5h, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuloweza kumatsika ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi 1.5h. Izi zitha
Zitha kukhala chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa kupemberera, ndikukula kwa nthawi ya alkishilization, kulowetsedwa kwa alkali ku cellose ndikokwanira, kotero kuti fiberi
Kapangidwe kake kabwino kwambiri, kukulirani wothandizila ndi sing'anga
Post Nthawi: Apr-26-2024