Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose),CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium salt of Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano mitundu ya cellulose.
CMC-Na mwachidule, ndi chochokera mapadi ndi shuga polymerization digiri 100-2000, ndi wachibale molecular misa 242.16. White fibrous kapena granular ufa. Zosanunkhiza, zosakoma, zosakoma, hygroscopic, zosasungunuka mu zosungunulira za organic.
Basic katundu
1. Mapangidwe a maselo a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Linapangidwa koyamba ndi Germany mu 1918, ndipo linali lovomerezeka mu 1921 ndipo linawonekera padziko lapansi. Kupanga malonda kwapezeka ku Ulaya. Pa nthawiyo, inali zinthu zopanda pake zokha, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati colloid ndi binder. Kuchokera mu 1936 mpaka 1941, kafukufuku wa mafakitale a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose anali achangu, ndipo ma patent angapo olimbikitsa adapangidwa. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Germany idagwiritsa ntchito sodium carboxymethylcellulose mu zotsukira zopangira. Hercules adapanga sodium carboxymethylcellulose kwa nthawi yoyamba ku United States mu 1943, ndipo adapanga sodium carboxymethylcellulose yoyengedwa mu 1946, yomwe idadziwika ngati chowonjezera chotetezeka cha chakudya. dziko langa linayamba kulilandira m’ma 1970, ndipo linagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’ma 1990. Ndiwomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa cellulose padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano.
Mapangidwe apangidwe: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Mapangidwe a maselo: C8H11O7Na
Izi ndi mchere wa sodium wa cellulose carboxymethyl ether, fiber anionic
2. Maonekedwe a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Izi ndi sodium mchere wa mapadi carboxymethyl ether, ndi anionic mapadi efa, woyera kapena yamkaka woyera fibrous ufa kapena granule, kachulukidwe 0.5-0.7 g/cm3, pafupifupi odorless, zoipa, hygroscopic. N'zosavuta kumwazikana m'madzi kupanga mandala colloidal njira, ndi insoluble mu organic solvents monga Mowa [1]. PH ya 1% ya madzi amadzimadzi ndi 6.5-8.5, pamene pH> 10 kapena <5, viscosity ya mucilage imachepa kwambiri, ndipo ntchito imakhala yabwino kwambiri pH=7. Wokhazikika pakutentha, kukhuthala kumakwera mofulumira pansi pa 20 ° C, ndipo kumasintha pang'onopang'ono pa 45 ° C. Kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali pamwamba pa 80 ° C kumatha kusokoneza colloid ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kukhuthala ndi magwiridwe antchito. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, ndipo yankho limakhala loonekera; imakhala yokhazikika mumchere wa alkaline, koma imasungunuka mosavuta ikakumana ndi asidi, ndipo imatsika ngati pH mtengo ndi 2-3, komanso imachitanso ndi mchere wazitsulo wa polyvalent.
Cholinga chachikulu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener m'makampani azakudya, monga chonyamulira mankhwala m'makampani opanga mankhwala, komanso ngati chomangira ndi anti-redeposition agent mumakampani opanga mankhwala tsiku lililonse. M'makampani osindikizira ndi opaka utoto, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati colloid yoteteza kwa ma saizi ndi ma phala osindikizira. M'makampani a petrochemical, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lamafuta obwezeretsanso fracturing fluid. [2]
Kusagwirizana
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose sagwirizana ndi mankhwala a asidi amphamvu, mchere wachitsulo wosungunuka, ndi zitsulo zina monga aluminiyamu, mercury, ndi zinki. Pamene pH ili yosakwana 2, ndipo ikasakanizidwa ndi 95% ethanol, mpweya udzachitika.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose imatha kupanga co-agglomerates ndi gelatin ndi pectin, komanso imatha kupanga ma complexes okhala ndi collagen, omwe amatha kutsitsa mapuloteni ena omwe ali ndi mphamvu.
ntchito
CMC nthawi zambiri imakhala ya anionic polima pawiri yokonzedwa pochita mapadi achilengedwe okhala ndi caustic alkali ndi asidi monochloroacetic, wokhala ndi kulemera kwa 6400 (± 1 000). Zopangira zazikulu ndi sodium chloride ndi sodium glycolate. CMC ndi yachilengedwe kusinthidwa kwa cellulose. Bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations (FAO) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) adatcha mwalamulo "ma cellulose osinthidwa".
Zizindikiro zazikulu zoyezera mtundu wa CMC ndi digiri ya m'malo (DS) ndi chiyero. Nthawi zambiri, katundu wa CMC ndi wosiyana ngati DS ndi yosiyana; kumtunda kwa mlingo woloweza m'malo, kumapangitsanso kusungunuka kwamphamvu, komanso bwino kuwonekera ndi kukhazikika kwa yankho. Malinga ndi malipoti, kuwonekera kwa CMC ndikwabwinoko pomwe kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi 0.7-1.2, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kwamadzimadzi ndikokulirapo pomwe pH mtengo ndi 6-9. Pofuna kuonetsetsa khalidwe lake, kuwonjezera pa kusankha etherification wothandizira, zinthu zina zimene zimakhudza mlingo wa m'malo ndi chiyero ayeneranso kuganizira, monga ubale kuchuluka kwa alkali ndi etherification wothandizira, etherification nthawi, madzi zili mu dongosolo, kutentha, pH mtengo, yankho Concentration ndi mchere etc.
zokhazikika
Pofuna kuthana ndi kusowa kwa zipangizo (thonje woyengedwa wopangidwa ndi thonje), m'zaka zaposachedwa, magulu ena ofufuza asayansi m'dziko langa agwirizana ndi mabizinesi kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira udzu wa mpunga, thonje lotayidwa (thonje lotayirira), ndi zosenga za nyemba. kupanga CMC bwino. Mtengo wopangira umachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimatsegula gwero latsopano lazinthu zopangira mafakitale a CMC ndikuzindikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu kwazinthu. Kumbali imodzi, mtengo wopangira umachepetsedwa, ndipo mbali inayo, CMC ikupita patsogolo kwambiri. Kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha CMC makamaka kumayang'ana pa kusintha kwa teknoloji yomwe ilipo komanso kusinthika kwa njira zopangira, komanso zinthu zatsopano za CMC zomwe zimakhala ndi katundu wapadera, monga njira ya "solvent-slurry method" [3] yomwe yapangidwa bwino. kunja ndipo wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mtundu watsopano wa CMC wosinthidwa wokhala ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu umapangidwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa m'malo komanso kugawa kofananirako kwa zolowa m'malo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri opanga mafakitale ndi malo ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zapamwamba. Padziko lonse lapansi, mtundu watsopano wa CMC wosinthidwa umatchedwanso "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
chitetezo
Chitetezo chapamwamba, ADI sichikusowa malamulo, ndipo miyezo ya dziko yapangidwa [4].
ntchito
Mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito zomangirira, kukhuthala, kulimbikitsa, emulsifying, kusunga madzi ndi kuyimitsidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito CMC muzakudya
FAO ndi WHO avomereza kugwiritsa ntchito CMC yoyera muzakudya. Idavomerezedwa pambuyo pa kafukufuku wovuta kwambiri wazachilengedwe komanso wowopsa komanso mayeso. Kutenga kotetezeka (ADI) kwa muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi 25mg/(kg·d) , ndiko pafupifupi 1.5 g/d pa munthu. Zanenedwa kuti anthu ena analibe vuto lililonse lapoizoni pamene kudya kwafika 10 kg. CMC sikuti ndi yabwino emulsification stabilizer ndi thickener mu ntchito chakudya, komanso ali kwambiri kuzizira ndi kusungunuka bata, ndipo akhoza kusintha kukoma kwa mankhwala ndi kutalikitsa nthawi yosungirako. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mkaka wa soya, ayisikilimu, ayisikilimu, odzola, zakumwa, ndi zitini ndi pafupifupi 1% mpaka 1.5%. CMC akhoza kupanga khola emulsified kubalalitsidwa ndi vinyo wosasa, msuzi wa soya, mafuta a masamba, madzi a zipatso, gravy, madzi a masamba, etc., ndi mlingo ndi 0,2% kuti 0.5%. Makamaka, ili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopangira mafuta anyama ndi masamba, mapuloteni ndi njira zamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange emulsion yofanana ndi ntchito yokhazikika. Chifukwa chachitetezo chake komanso kudalirika kwake, mlingo wake suli wocheperako ndi muyezo waukhondo wamtundu wa ADI. CMC yapangidwa mosalekeza m'munda wazakudya, ndipo kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito sodium carboxymethylcellulose pakupanga vinyo wachitikanso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito CMC mu zamankhwala
M'makampani opanga mankhwala, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati emulsion stabilizer ya jakisoni, binder ndi filimu yopanga mapiritsi. Anthu ena atsimikizira kuti CMC ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika yonyamula mankhwala oletsa khansa kudzera mu kuyesa koyambira komanso kwanyama. Pogwiritsa ntchito CMC monga nembanemba zakuthupi, kusinthidwa mlingo mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe Chinese mankhwala Yangyin Shengji ufa, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, angagwiritsidwe ntchito dermabrasion mabala opaleshoni ndi mabala zoopsa. Maphunziro a zinyama awonetsa kuti filimuyi imalepheretsa kudwala kwa bala ndipo ilibe kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zovala za gauze. Pankhani ya kulamulira bala minofu madzimadzi exudation ndi mofulumira bala machiritso, filimuyi kwambiri kuposa yopyapyala mavalidwe, ndipo ali ndi zotsatira za kuchepetsa postoperative edema ndi chilonda mkwiyo. Kukonzekera filimu yopangidwa ndi mowa wa polyvinyl: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene pa chiŵerengero cha 3: 6: 1 ndiye mankhwala abwino kwambiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha adhesion ndi kumasulidwa chikuwonjezeka. Kumamatira kwa kukonzekera, nthawi yokhalamo yokonzekera m'kamwa pakamwa komanso mphamvu ya mankhwala pokonzekera zonse zimasintha kwambiri. Bupivacaine ndi mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi m'deralo, koma nthawi zina amatha kubweretsa mavuto aakulu amtima akakhala poizoni. Choncho, pamene bupivacaine chimagwiritsidwa ntchito matenda, kafukufuku kupewa ndi kuchiza zochita zake poizoni nthawi zonse anapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamankhwala awonetsa kuti CIVIC ngati chinthu chokhazikika chopangidwa ndi bupivacaine yankho imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa. Pa opaleshoni ya PRK, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsika kwambiri a tetracaine ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito steroidal odana ndi kutupa pamodzi ndi CMC kungathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa ululu wa pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Kupewa kwa postoperative peritoneal adhesions ndi kuchepetsa kutsekeka kwa matumbo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi opaleshoni yachipatala. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti CMC ndi bwino kwambiri kuposa sodium hyaluronate kuchepetsa mlingo wa postoperative peritoneal adhesions, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yothandiza kupewa kupezeka kwa peritoneal adhesions. CMC ntchito catheter kwa chiwindi ochepa kulowetsedwa odana ndi khansa mankhwala zochizira khansa ya chiwindi, amene kwambiri kutalikitsa zokhala nthawi ya odana ndi khansa mankhwala zotupa, kumapangitsanso odana ndi chotupa mphamvu, ndi kusintha achire kwenikweni. Mu mankhwala a nyama, CMC imakhalanso ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zanenedwa [5] kuti intraperitoneal instillation ya 1% CMC solution kwa nkhosa zazikazi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu zopewera dystocia ndi zomatira m'mimba pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya ubereki mu ziweto.
CMC mu ntchito zina zamakampani
Mu zotsukira, CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati anti-doil redeposition agent, makamaka kwa hydrophobic synthetic fiber nsalu, yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri kuposa carboxymethyl fiber.
CMC angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza zitsime mafuta monga matope stabilizer ndi wothandizila madzi posungira mafuta pobowola. Mlingo wa chitsime chilichonse chamafuta ndi 2.3t pazitsime zosazama ndi 5.6t pazitsime zakuya;
M'makampani opanga nsalu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopangira ma size, chokhuthala chosindikizira ndi kuyika phala, kusindikiza nsalu ndi kumalizitsa. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing agent, imatha kusintha kusungunuka ndi kukhuthala, ndipo ndiyosavuta kupanga; monga wothandizira woumitsa, mlingo wake uli pamwamba pa 95%; ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing agent, mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kwa filimu ya kukula kumakhala bwino kwambiri; yokhala ndi silika wosinthikanso fibroin Katundu wopangidwa ndi carboxymethyl cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matrix a immobilizing glucose oxidase, ndipo glucose oxidase ndi ferrocene carboxylate ndizosasunthika, ndipo glucose biosensor yopangidwa imakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu komanso kukhazikika. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pamene silika gel osakaniza homogenate kukonzedwa ndi CMC yankho ndi ndende pafupifupi 1% (w/v), chromatographic ntchito ya okonzedwa woonda wosanjikiza mbale ndi bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbale woonda wosanjikiza TACHIMATA pansi mikhalidwe wokometsedwa ali Yoyenera wosanjikiza mphamvu, oyenera njira zosiyanasiyana zitsanzo, zosavuta ntchito. CMC imamatira ku ulusi wambiri ndipo imatha kukonza mgwirizano pakati pa ulusi. Kukhazikika kwa mamasukidwe ake kumapangitsa kuti kukula kwake kukhale kofanana, potero kumathandizira kuluka bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chomaliza chopangira nsalu, makamaka polimbana ndi makwinya osatha, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kosatha kwa nsalu.
CMC itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-sedimentation wothandizira, emulsifier, dispersant, leveling agent, ndi zomatira zokutira. Ikhoza kupanga zomwe zili zolimba za ❖ kuyanika kugawidwa mofanana mu zosungunulira, kuti zokutira zisakhale delaminate kwa nthawi yaitali. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu utoto. .
CMC ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati flocculant, imakhala yothandiza kwambiri kuposa sodium gluconate pochotsa ayoni a calcium. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusinthanitsa kwa cation, mphamvu yake yosinthira imatha kufika 1.6 ml / g.
CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopangira mapepala pamakampani opanga mapepala, omwe amatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu youma ndi kunyowa kwa pepala, komanso kukana mafuta, kuyamwa kwa inki ndi kukana madzi.
CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hydrosol mu zodzoladzola komanso ngati thickener mu mankhwala otsukira mano, ndipo mlingo wake ndi pafupifupi 5%.
CMC angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati flocculant, chelating wothandizila, emulsifier, thickener, madzi kusunga wothandizila, sizing wothandizila, filimu kupanga zinthu, etc., komanso ankagwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi, mankhwala, zikopa, mapulasitiki, kusindikiza, ziwiya zadothi, otsukira mano, tsiku lililonse. mankhwala ndi madera ena, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito zake zabwino ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse kutsegula minda ntchito zatsopano, ndi msika. chiyembekezo ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
Kusamalitsa
(1) Kugwirizana kwa mankhwalawa ndi asidi amphamvu, alkali amphamvu, ndi ayoni zitsulo zolemera (monga aluminium, zinki, mercury, siliva, chitsulo, etc.) ndizotsutsana.
(2) Kuloledwa kwa mankhwalawa ndi 0-25mg/kg·d.
Malangizo
Sakanizani CMC mwachindunji ndi madzi kuti mupange guluu pasty kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo. Pokonzekera CMC guluu, choyamba kuwonjezera madzi ena oyera mu batching thanki ndi choyambitsa chipangizo, ndipo pamene oyambitsa chipangizo anatembenukira, pang'onopang'ono ndi wogawana kuwaza CMC mu batching thanki, oyambitsa mosalekeza, kuti CMC Mokwanira Integrated. ndi madzi, CMC ikhoza kusungunuka kwathunthu. Pamene Kusungunuka CMC, chifukwa chake ayenera wogawana n'kuwaza ndi kusonkhezeredwa mosalekeza ndi "kupewa mavuto agglomeration, agglomeration, ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa CMC kusungunuka pamene CMC akumana ndi madzi", ndi kuonjezera mlingo kuvunda wa CMC. Nthawi yoyambitsa siifanana ndi nthawi yoti CMC isungunuke kwathunthu. Iwo ndi malingaliro awiri. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yoyambitsa ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi yoti CMC isungunuke. Nthawi yofunikira kwa awiriwa imadalira momwe zinthu zilili.
Maziko a kudziwa nthawi yoyambitsa ndi: pameneCMCndi uniformly omwazika m'madzi ndipo palibe zoonekeratu zotupa zazikulu, oyambitsa akhoza kuyimitsidwa, kulola CMC ndi madzi kudutsa ndi fuse wina ndi mzake mu chikhalidwe choyimirira.
Maziko ozindikira nthawi yofunikira kuti CMC isungunuke kwathunthu ndi motere:
(1) CMC ndi madzi ndi zomangika kwathunthu, ndipo palibe kulekanitsa kwamadzi olimba pakati pa ziwirizi;
(2) Phala losakanikirana limakhala lofanana, ndipo pamwamba ndi lathyathyathya ndi losalala;
(3) Mtundu wa phala wosakanikirana uli pafupi ndi wopanda mtundu komanso wowonekera, ndipo palibe zinthu za granular mu phala. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe CMC imayikidwa mu thanki yosakaniza ndikusakaniza ndi madzi mpaka nthawi yomwe CMC imasungunuka kwathunthu, nthawi yofunikira imakhala pakati pa 10 ndi 20 maola.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-26-2024