Mtondo wosakanizika wowuma ndi kuphatikiza kwa zida za simenti (simenti, phulusa la ntchentche, ufa wa slag, ndi zina), zophatikizira zapadera (mchenga wa quartz, corundum, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimafunikira zophatikizira zopepuka, monga ceramsite, polystyrene yokulitsidwa, ndi zina zambiri. ) Ma granules, perlite yowonjezera, vermiculite yowonjezera, etc.) ndi zosakaniza zimasakanizidwa mofanana molingana ndi gawo linalake, ndiyeno amadzaza matumba, migolo kapena kuperekedwa mochuluka mu mkhalidwe wouma ufa.
Malinga ndi ntchito, pali mitundu yambiri ya matope amalonda, monga matope owuma a matope opangira masonry, matope a ufa wowuma popaka, matope owuma owuma pansi, matope apadera owuma oletsa madzi, kuteteza kutentha ndi zina. Pomaliza, matope osakanizidwa owuma amatha kugawidwa kukhala matope wamba osakanizika (miyala, pulasitala ndi matope osakanikirana) ndi matope apadera osakanikirana. Mtondo wapadera wosakanizika wowuma umaphatikizapo: matope odziyimira pawokha, zinthu zapansi zosavala, pansi zosapsa, zosapsa zosapsa, matope osakanizidwa ndi madzi, matope opaka utomoni, zinthu zoteteza konkriti pamwamba, matope opaka utoto, etc.
Chifukwa chake, matope ambiri owuma amafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito kuti apangidwe kudzera pamayesero ambiri. Poyerekeza ndi miyambo konkire admixtures, youma wothira matope admixtures angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe ufa, ndipo kachiwiri, iwo sungunuka m'madzi ozizira, kapena pang'onopang'ono kupasuka pansi zochita za alkali kusonyeza chifukwa chake.
1. Thickener, madzi posungira wothandizira ndi stabilizer
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)ndihydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)zonse zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za polima (monga thonje, etc.) Non-ionic cellulose ether yopangidwa ndi mankhwala. Amadziwika ndi kusungunuka kwamadzi ozizira, kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kugwirizanitsa, kupanga mafilimu, kutsekemera, kusakhala ndi ionic ndi pH kukhazikika. Kusungunuka kwamadzi ozizira kwa mtundu uwu wa mankhwala kumakula kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yosungira madzi imakulitsidwa, katundu wokhuthala ndi wodziwikiratu, kukula kwa thovu la mpweya komwe kumayambitsidwa kumakhala kochepa, ndipo zotsatira za kuwongolera mphamvu zomangira zamatope ndizochepa. kuwonjezeredwa kwambiri.
Ma cellulose ether samangokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa maselo ndi kukhuthala kwa 5mPa. s mpaka 200,000 mPa. s, zotsatira za ntchito ya matope mu siteji yatsopano komanso pambuyo poumitsa ndizosiyana. Mayesero ambiri ayenera kuchitidwa posankha kusankha kwapadera. Sankhani mitundu ya cellulose yokhala ndi kukhuthala koyenera komanso kulemera kwa maselo, mlingo wocheperako, komanso wopanda katundu wopatsa mpweya. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe ingapezeke nthawi yomweyo. Kuchita bwino kwaukadaulo, komanso kumakhala ndi chuma chabwino.
2. Redispersible latex ufa
Ntchito yaikulu ya thickener ndi kupititsa patsogolo kusunga madzi ndi kukhazikika kwa matope. Ngakhale zingalepheretse matope kuti asagwedezeke (kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi) mpaka kufika pamlingo wina, nthawi zambiri samagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera mphamvu, kukana ming'alu ndi kukana madzi kwa matope. Mchitidwe wowonjezera ma polima kuti apititse patsogolo kusatha, kulimba, kukana ming'alu ndi kukana kukhudzidwa kwa matope ndi konkriti adziwika. Ambiri ntchito polima emulsions pa kusinthidwa simenti matope ndi simenti konkire monga: neoprene mphira emulsion, styrene-butadiene mphira emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl kolorayidi, chlorine tsankho labala emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, etc. Ndi chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa sayansi, osati kokha zotsatira zosintha za ma polima osiyanasiyana aphunzira mozama, komanso njira yosinthira, the Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa ma polima ndi simenti, ndi zinthu za simenti za hydration zaphunziridwanso mwaukadaulo. Kusanthula mozama ndi kufufuza, ndi zotsatira zambiri za kafukufuku wa sayansi zawonekera.
Polima emulsion angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga okonzeka wothira matope, koma mwachionekere zosatheka mwachindunji ntchito kupanga youma ufa matope, kotero redispersible latex ufa anabadwa. Pakali pano, redispersible latex ufa ntchito youma ufa matope makamaka zikuphatikizapo: ① vinilu acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinilu acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ vinilu acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), etc. Pakati pawo, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer ali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito.
Zochita zatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya redispersible latex ufa ndi yokhazikika, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zosayerekezeka pakuwongolera mphamvu yolumikizira matope, kuwongolera kulimba kwake, mapindikidwe, kukana kwa ming'alu ndi kusakhazikika, etc. Kuwonjezera hydrophobic latex ufa wopangidwa ndi polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride , ethylene, vinyl laurate, etc. amathanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuyamwa kwa madzi matope (chifukwa cha hydrophobicity yake), kupangitsa kuti mpweya wamatope ukhale wosavuta komanso wosasunthika, umapangitsa kuti Imalimbana ndi nyengo komanso kuti ikhale yolimba.
Poyerekeza ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya flexural ndi mphamvu yomangirira ya matope ndi kuchepetsa kuphulika kwake, zotsatira za redispersible latex ufa pa kupititsa patsogolo kusungirako madzi kwa matope ndi kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wake ndizochepa. Popeza kuti kuwonjezeredwa kwa ufa wa latex wopangidwanso kungathe kumwazikana ndi kuchititsa kuti mpweya wambiri ulowe mumatope osakaniza, zotsatira zake zochepetsera madzi zimakhala zoonekeratu. Zoonadi, chifukwa cha kusauka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, mphamvu yochepetsera madzi sinasinthe mphamvu. M'malo mwake, mphamvu ya matope idzachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa redispersible latex powder content. Choncho, pakukula kwa matope ena omwe amafunikira kulingalira za mphamvu zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuwonjezera defoamer panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti muchepetse zotsatira zoipa za ufa wa latex pa mphamvu yopondereza ndi mphamvu yosinthasintha ya matope. .
3. Defoamer
Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeredwa kwa mapadi, wowuma etha ndi polima zipangizo, mpweya-entraining katundu matope mosakayika kuchuluka, zomwe zimakhudza compressive mphamvu, flexural mphamvu ndi kugwirizana mphamvu ya matope pa dzanja limodzi, ndipo amachepetsa zotanuka modulus; Komano , Imakhalanso ndi chikoka chachikulu pa maonekedwe a matope, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuthetsa thovu la mpweya lomwe linayambitsa mumatope. Pakali pano, kunja kwa kunja ufa wowuma defoamers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku China kuti athetse vutoli, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope amtengo wapatali, kuchotsedwa kwa thovu la mpweya si ntchito yophweka kwambiri.
4. Anti-sagging wothandizira
Mukamata matailosi adothi, matabwa a polystyrene okhala ndi thovu, ndikuyika matope a mphira a polystyrene tinthu tating'onoting'ono, vuto lalikulu lomwe tikukumana nalo ndikugwa. Kuchita kwatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera wowuma ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin ndi montmorillonite ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vuto la matope ogwa pambuyo pomanga. Yaikulu yothetsera vuto la sagging ndi kuonjezera koyamba kukameta ubweya kupsyinjika kwa matope, ndiko kuti, kuonjezera thixotropy. Muzochita zothandiza, sikophweka kusankha wothandizila wabwino wotsutsa-sagging, chifukwa amafunika kuthetsa mgwirizano pakati pa thixotropy, workability, viscosity ndi madzi.
5. Wonenepa
Dongo lopaka pulasitala, matope a matailosi, matope amitundu yokongoletsera ndi matope osakanikirana owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lakunja la pulasitala yopyapyala yopyapyala ndi yofunika kwambiri pantchito yopanda madzi kapena yopanda madzi, yomwe imafunikira kuwonjezera kwa powdery water-repelling agents , koma kuyenera kukhala ndi izi: ① kupanga matope hydrophobic lonse, ndi kukhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali; ② alibe zotsatira zoipa pa mphamvu yomangira pamwamba; ③ zothamangitsa madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika, monga calcium stearate, ndizovuta kusakaniza Mofulumira komanso molingana ndi matope a simenti, siwowonjezera wa hydrophobic wamatope osakanikirana, makamaka pulasitala pomanga makina.
Posachedwapa wapangidwa mankhwala ophera madzi a ufa wa silane, omwe ndi ufa wa silane wopangidwa ndi silane wothira madzi otsekemera amadzimadzi otetezera colloids ndi anti-caking agents. Mtondowo ukasakanizidwa ndi madzi, chipolopolo choteteza cha colloid choteteza madzi chimasungunuka mwachangu m'madzi, ndikutulutsa silane yotsekedwa kuti imwazanso m'madzi osakaniza. M'malo amchere wamchere pambuyo pa simenti, magulu a hydrophilic organic functional mu silane amapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kuti apange magulu a silanol, ndipo magulu a silanol akupitilizabe kuchitapo kanthu ndi magulu a hydroxyl muzinthu za simenti kuti apange zomangira zamankhwala, kotero kuti silane yolumikizidwa palimodzi ndi kulumikiza mtanda imakhazikika pamwamba pa khoma la pore la matope a simenti. Pamene magulu a hydrophobic organic functional akuyang'ana kunja kwa khoma la pore, pamwamba pa pores amapeza hydrophobicity, motero kumabweretsa mphamvu ya hydrophobic kumatope.
6. Ubiquitin inhibitors
Erythrothenic alkali idzakhudza kukongola kwa matope okongoletsera opangidwa ndi simenti, omwe ndi vuto lofala lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa. Malinga ndi malipoti, chowonjezera cha resin-based anti-pantherine chapangidwa bwino posachedwa, chomwe ndi ufa wopangidwanso ndi ntchito yabwino yolimbikitsa. Izi ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mpumulo, ma putties, caulks kapena kumaliza mapangidwe amatope ndipo zimagwirizana bwino ndi zowonjezera zina.
7. CHIKWANGWANI
Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa ulusi mumtondo kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu yolimba, kulimbitsa kulimba, ndikuwongolera kukana kwa crack. Pakali pano, ulusi wopangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi ulusi wamatabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope osakanizika. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi mankhwala, monga polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, etc. Pambuyo pa kusinthidwa pamwamba, ulusiwu umakhala ndi dispersibility wabwino, komanso umakhala ndi otsika, omwe amatha kusintha bwino kukana kwa pulasitiki ndi kuphwanya ntchito yamatope. Zomwe zimapangidwira sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa ulusi wamatabwa ndi wocheperako, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa madzi pamatope powonjezera ulusi wamatabwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-26-2024