Kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether

Ma cellulose ethersndi gulu la ma polima osunthika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa chakukula kwawo. Kuyambira ndikuyambitsa ma cellulose ethers ndi kapangidwe kake, pepalali limayang'ana njira zomwe zimayambitsa kukhuthala kwawo, ndikuwunikira momwe kuyanjana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kumathandizira kukulitsa kukhuthala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cellulose ethers amakambidwa, kuphatikiza methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ndi carboxymethyl cellulose, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake okhuthala. kugwiritsa ntchito ma cellulose ethers m'mafakitale monga zomangamanga, zamankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola, ndi chisamaliro chamunthu, kuwonetsa gawo lawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu ndi kupanga. Pomaliza, kufunikira kwa ma cellulose ethers muzochita zamakono zamafakitale kumagogomezedwa, limodzi ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa cellulose ether.

Ma cellulose ethers amaimira gulu la ma polima opangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose, biopolymer yopezeka paliponse yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'makoma a cellulose. Ndi mawonekedwe apadera a physicochemical, ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka chifukwa chakukula kwawo. Kuthekera kwa ma cellulose ethers kuti awonjezere kukhuthala ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a rheological kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe ambiri, kuyambira pakumanga mpaka kupanga mankhwala.

1.Mapangidwe a Ma cellulose Ethers

Musanafufuze za kukhuthala kwa ma cellulose ethers, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe awo. Ma cellulose ether amapangidwa kudzera mu kusintha kwa mankhwala a cellulose, makamaka zomwe zimakhudzana ndi etherification. Magulu a hydroxyl (-OH) omwe amapezeka pamsana wa cellulose amasinthidwa m'malo ndi magulu a ether (-OR), pomwe R imayimira zolowa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kulowetsedwa kumeneku kumabweretsa kusintha kwa ma cellulose komanso mawonekedwe a cellulose, ndikupangitsa kuti ma cellulose ether asinthe.

Kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka cellulose ethers kumakhudza kusungunuka kwawo, machitidwe a rheological, ndi kukhuthala kwawo. Digiri ya m'malo (DS), yomwe imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa magulu a hydroxyl olowa m'malo pa gawo lililonse la anhydroglucose, imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pozindikira mawonekedwe a cellulose ethers. DS yapamwamba nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi kusungunuka kwachulukidwe komanso kukhuthala bwino.

2.Njira Zokhutiritsa Zotsatira

Kukhuthala komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi cellulose ethers kumachokera ku kuyanjana kwawo ndi mamolekyu amadzi. Akamwazikana m'madzi, ma cellulose ethers amalowetsedwa ndi hydration, momwe mamolekyu amadzi amapanga zomangira za haidrojeni ndi ma atomu a okosijeni wa ether ndi magulu a hydroxyl a unyolo wa polima. Izi hydration ndondomeko kumabweretsa kutupa mapadi etere particles ndi mapangidwe atatu azithunzithunzi maukonde dongosolo mkati amadzimadzi sing'anga.

Kumangika kwa unyolo wa hydrated cellulose ether ndi mapangidwe a haidrojeni zomangira pakati pa mamolekyu a polima kumathandizira kukulitsa kukhuthala. Kuonjezera apo, kunyansidwa kwa electrostatic pakati pamagulu oipitsidwa ndi ether kumathandizira kukulitsa poletsa kulongedza pafupi ndi maunyolo a polima ndikulimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa mu zosungunulira.

Khalidwe la rheological la mayankho a cellulose ether limatengera zinthu monga ndende ya polima, kuchuluka kwa m'malo, kulemera kwa maselo, ndi kutentha. Pazochepa kwambiri, mayankho a cellulose ether amawonetsa machitidwe a Newtonian, pomwe paziwopsezo zambiri, amawonetsa pseudoplastic kapena kumeta ubweya wa ubweya chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kutsekeka kwa polima pansi pa kupsinjika kwa shear.

3. Mitundu ya Cellulose Ethers
Ma cellulose ether amakhala ndi zotuluka zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimapereka mawonekedwe ake okhuthala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya cellulose ethers ndi:

Methyl Cellulose (MC): Methyl cellulose imapezeka mwa etherification ya cellulose ndi magulu a methyl. Imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira ndipo imapanga njira zowonekera, zowoneka bwino. MC imawonetsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zosungira madzi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera muzomangamanga, zokutira, ndi zakudya.

Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl (HEC): Hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi kaphatikizidwe

zed poyambitsa magulu a hydroxyethyl pamsana wa cellulose. Imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira komanso otentha ndipo imawonetsa machitidwe a pseudoplastic. HEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala, zinthu zosamalira anthu, komanso ngati chowonjezera mu utoto wa latex.

Ma cellulose a Hydroxypropyl (HPC): Ma cellulose a Hydroxypropyl amakonzedwa ndi etherification ya cellulose ndi magulu a hydroxypropyl. Amasungunuka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya solvents, kuphatikiza madzi, mowa, ndi organic solvents. HPC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala, chomangira, komanso kupanga mafilimu muzamankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi zokutira.

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC): Carboxymethyl cellulose imapangidwa ndi carboxymethylation ya cellulose ndi chloroacetic acid kapena mchere wake wa sodium. Imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo imapanga mayankho a viscous okhala ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri la pseudoplastic. CMC imapeza ntchito zambiri pazakudya, mankhwala, nsalu, ndi kupanga mapepala.

Ma cellulose ether awa amawonetsa kukhuthala kosiyana, mawonekedwe a kusungunuka, komanso kuyanjana ndi zinthu zina, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale.

4.Magwiritsidwe a Cellulose Ethers
Kuchulukana kosunthika kwa ma cellulose ethers kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zina mwazofunikira zama cellulose ethers ndi:

Zida Zomangira: Ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zowonjezera muzinthu za simenti monga matope, grout, ndi pulasitala kuti azitha kugwira bwino ntchito, kusunga madzi, komanso kumamatira. Amakhala ngati ma rheology modifiers, kupewa tsankho komanso kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito azinthu zomanga.

Mankhwala: Ma cellulose ether amapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapangidwe amankhwala monga zomangira, zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi zowonjezera m'mapiritsi, makapisozi, zoyimitsidwa, ndi njira zamaso. Amathandizira kuthamangitsidwa kwa ufa, kuwongolera kupsinjika kwa piritsi, ndikuwongolera kutulutsa kwazinthu zogwira ntchito.

Chakudya: Ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kunenepa, kukhazikika, ndi ma gelling m'zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma sosi, zovala, zokometsera, ndi mkaka. Amathandizira kapangidwe kake, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, komanso kumveka kwapakamwa pomwe amathandizira kukhazikika kwa alumali ndikuletsa kuphatikizika.

Zodzoladzola ndi Kusamalira Munthu: Ma cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zosamalira munthu monga mafuta opaka, mafuta odzola, ma shampoos, ndi mankhwala otsukira mano monga zokhuthala, zokometsera, ndi zopangira mafilimu. Iwo amapereka zofunika rheological katundu, kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, ndi kupereka yosalala, wapamwamba kapangidwe.

Paints ndi Zopaka:Ma cellulose ethersamagwira ntchito ngati zosintha za rheology mu utoto, zokutira, ndi zomatira, kuwongolera kuwongolera kwamakayendedwe, kukana kwa sag, ndi mapangidwe amafilimu. Zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa mapangidwe, zimalepheretsa kukhazikika kwa pigment, komanso kukulitsa mawonekedwe a ntchito.

Kuchulukana kwa ma cellulose ethers kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana amakampani ndi kapangidwe kazinthu. Maonekedwe awo apadera a rheological, kuyanjana ndi zosakaniza zina, ndi kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kumawapangitsa kukhala zosankha zokondedwa kwa opanga m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kuika patsogolo kukhazikika ndi njira zothetsera chilengedwe, kufunikira kwa ma cellulose ethers akuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri.