1. Kufunikira kwa madzi
Mitundu yonse yazikulu zomwe zimafuna matope kuti zomanga zizikhala ndi mayamwidwe ena amadzi. Pambuyo pa maziko a madzi atavala matope, olimbikitsa matopewo adzachepa, komanso m'malo ovuta, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsika, makamaka mawonekedwe a matope owuma ndi maziko osanjikiza, ndikupangitsa matope kuti asweke ndikugwa. Ngati matope okhala ndi matope ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino, sizingangoyendetsa bwino matope omanga matope, komanso amapangitsa madzi m'tamba kuti azitha kutengeka ndi maziko a simenti.
2. Mavuto okhala ndi njira zosungitsira zamadzi
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikuthirira maziko, koma ndizosatheka kuonetsetsa kuti mazikowo amanyozedwa. Cholinga chabwino cha hydrate cha simenti pamtunda ndikuti simenti mankhwala opanga ma simenti amamwa madzi limodzi ndi maziko, ndikupanga kulumikizana kogwira mtima. Kuthirira mwachindunji pamtunda kumayambitsa kufalikira kwakukulu m'madzi kuyamwa kwa maziko chifukwa cha kusasiyana kwa kutentha, kuthirira nthawi, ndikuthirira kufanana. Maziko ali ndi mayamwidwe ochepa madzi ndipo apitiliza kuyamwa madzi m'matope. Sitsaratimenti hydrade isanachitike, madziwo amalowetsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza simentart hydration ndi kulowa kwa zinthu zopatsa mphamvu mu matrix; Mbali ili ndi mayamwidwe ambiri, ndipo madzi mu matope amayenda pansi. Kuthamanga kwa sing'anga kosachedwa, ndipo ngakhale wolemera kwambiri wamadzi umapangidwa pakati pa matope ndi matrix, omwe amakhudzanso mphamvu ya mgwirizano. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira ya chimake sikungangotha kuthana ndi vuto la madzi othamanga, koma idzakhudzanso mgwirizano pakati pa matope ndi maziko.
3. Zofunikira za mafoni osiyanasiyana osungira madzi
Madzi osunga madzi osungira matope amagwiritsa ntchito malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena komanso madera omwe ali ndi kutentha kofananako.
①hhigh madzi kuyamwa kuloweza matope
Mankhwala ophatikizika amadzi omwe akuimiridwa ndi konkriti yokhotakhota, kuphatikizapo matabwa olemera, midadada yopepuka, etc., kukhala ndi mapangidwe ambiri mayamwidwe komanso nthawi yayitali. Matope ophatikizika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wamtunduwu ayenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osakwana 88%.
②low madzi mayamwidwe
Kutengera pang'ono kwamadzi kumayiko kumayimiriridwa ndi konkire yotsika, kuphatikizapo polystyrene bolodi ya khoma lakunja, etc., kukhala ndi madzi ang'onoang'ono a madzi ang'onoang'ono. Matope omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyala yotere iyenera kukhala ndi madzi osasunga madzi osakwana 88%.
③thin wosanjikiza patayala matope
Kupaka-kopsinjika kumatanthauza zomangamanga zopatsirana ndi matalala osanjikiza pakati pa 3 ndi 8 mm. Ntchito yomanga yopatsirana ndiyosavuta kutaya chinyezi chifukwa cha osanjikiza opyapyala, omwe amakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu. Pa matope omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amtunduwu, kuchuluka kwake kwa madzi sikochepera 99%.
④thick stuyer plashsing matope
Kupukutira kwa wakuda kumatanthauza kapangidwe kake komwe makulidwe amodzi okwera ali pakati pa 8mm ndi 20mm. Kumanga kokongola kumeneku sikophweka kutaya madzi chifukwa cha matope osanjikiza, kotero kuti malo osungitsa madzi a matope sayenera kukhala ochepera 88%.
⑤ Madzi ogwirizana
Ma batchi ogwiritsa ntchito madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zowonda za ultra-zopyapyala, ndipo makulidwe omanga pafupifupi ali pakati pa 1 ndi 2mm. Zipangizo zotere zimafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madzi okwanira kwambiri kuti azigwira ntchito komanso kulimba mtima. Kwa zida zosungira, malo ake osungitsa madzi sayenera kukhala ochepera 99%, ndipo kusunga madzi sikuyenera kukhala ndi makoma kuti makoma akunja kuyenera kukhala akulu kuposa omwe ali ndi putty makoma amkati.
4. Mitundu yamadzi osungira madzi
Cellulose ether
1) methyl cellulose ether (MC)
2) hydroxypropyl nothl cellulose ether (hpmc)
3) Hydroxethyl cellulose ether (hec)
4) Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (cmc)
5) hydroxethyl methl cellulose ether (hemoc)
Wowuma
1) Kusinthidwa kwa ether
2) guar ether
Madzi osinthidwa madzi - osunga Thickener (Monmorillonite, Bentonite, etc.)
Zisanu, zotsatirazi zimayang'ana pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana
1. Cellulose ether
1.1 mwachidule za cellulose ether
Cellulose ether ndi mawu ambiri opangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomwe alkali adazigwiritsa ntchito cellulose ndi zoyeserera pazomwe zimachitika. Ma cellulose osiyanasiyana amapezeka chifukwa alkali fiber imasinthidwa ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ma ionization chinthu cham'malire a m'malo mwake, cellulose eder amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: Ionic, monga carboxymethyl cellose (MC).
Malinga ndi mitundu ya magantimitoni, cellulose eders amatha kugawidwa mu onoma, monga methyl cellulose ether, monga hydroxethyl celloul ether. Malinga ndi ma sodi yosiyanasiyana imasungunuka, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kusungunuka madzi ndi soluble.
1.2 mitundu yayikulu ya cellulose
Carboxymethylcellulose (cmc), digiri yokhazikika: 0.4-1.4; Wothandizira, monooxyacec acid; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Carboxymethyl hydroxethyl cellulose (cMhec), digiri yokhazikika: 0.7-1,0; Wothandizira, monooxyacec acid, ethylene oxide; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Methylcellulose (MC), kuchuluka kwa zolowa m'malo: 1.5-2.4; Wothandizira, methyl chloride; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (hec), digiri yokhazikika: 1.3-3.0; Wothandizila, Ethylene oxide; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (hemc), digiri yokhazikika: 1.5-2.0; Wothandizila, Ethylene oxide, methyl chloride; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), digiri yolowa m'malo: 2.5-3.5; Wothandizila, ma probyne oxide; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Hydroxypypyl methylcellulose (hpmc), digiri yokhazikika: 1.5-2.0; Wothandizila, ma probyne oxide, methyl chloride; kusungunula zosungunulira, madzi;
Ethyl cellulose (EC), sikitsi yothandiza kwambiri: 2.3-2.6; wothandizira, monochloroeene; kusungunula zosungunulira, zosungunulira;
Ethyl hydroxethyl cellulose (Ehec), digiri yolowa m'malo: 2.4-2.8; Othandizira, monochlorooene, ethylene oxide; kusungunula zosungunulira, zosungunulira;
1.3 katundu wa cellulose
1.3.1 methyl cellulose ether (MC)
①meththylcellulose amasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika mu pH = 3-12. Imakhala ndi kulumikizana bwino ndi wowuma, Guar Gum, etc. ndi ambiri okonda. Kutentha kukafika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, gelation kumachitika.
Kusunga kwamadzi kwa methylllulose kwa methylllulose kutengera kuchuluka kwake, mafakisoni, tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso chiwerengero cha chibadwa. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu, kukoma mtima ndikochepa, ndipo maonedwe ndi akulu, kusungidwa kwamadzi ndi kwakukulu. Zina mwazo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kusungidwa kwamadzi, ndipo mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri sakhala ofanana pamlingo wamadzi osakhazikika. Chiwerengero chophweka chimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma cellulose tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pakati pa cellulose etra, methyl cellulose imakhala ndi madzi osunga madzi ambiri.
Kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa madzi a methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kumadzaza madzi. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusunga kwamadzi kwa methyl cellulose sikungakhale wosauka kwambiri, womwe ungakhudze kwambiri kumanga kwa matope.
④ Methyl cellulose imakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomanga ndi kutsatira matope. "Zomatira" apa zikutanthauza mphamvu yotsatsira yomwe ikukhudzidwa pakati pa chida cha wogwira ntchito ndi khomalo, ndiye kuti, kung'amba matope. Kumatira kumakhala kwakukulu, kukana matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo ogwira ntchito amafunikira mphamvu zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito, komanso zomangamanga za matope zimakhala zosauka. Methyl cellulose yotsatira ndi pamlingo woyenera mu cellulose ether ether.
1.3.2 hydroxypropyl methl cellulose ether (hpmc)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi chogulitsa cha fiber chomwe chotulutsa ndi chogwiritsidwa ntchito chikuwonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Ndiwopanda ma cellulose osakanizidwa ndi thonje lopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyenga, pogwiritsa ntchito ma propyl oxide ndi methyl chloride monga momwe amathandizira. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 1.5-2.0. Katundu wake ndi wosiyana chifukwa cha ma ratios osiyanasiyana a methoxyl zomwe zili ndi hydroxypropyl. Zambiri methoxyl zokhala ndi hydroxypyl, magwiridwe antchito ali pafupi ndi methyl cellulose; Ma methoxyl otsika komanso hydroxypyl, magwiridwe antchito ali pafupi ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose.
①hydroxpyll methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwamadzi otentha kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumathandizanso kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
② Makutu a hydroxypypyll methylcellulose akukhudzana ndi kulemera kwake, komanso kulemera kwake, kunenepa kwambiri. Kutentha kumakhudzanso mamasukidwe awo, pamene kutentha kumakulirakulira, ma virucy amachepetsa. Koma mawonekedwe ake samakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kuposa methyl cellulose. Njira yake imakhala yokhazikika ikasungidwa kutentha.
Kusunga kwamadzi kwa hydroxypypyl kumatengera kuchuluka kwake, ma viccect, ndi madzi osunga madzi pansi pa kuchuluka kwa methyl cellulose.
④hydropypypyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika kwa asidi ndi alkali, ndipo yankho lake la madzi ndi lokhazikika mu pH = 2-12. Diasc Soda ndi madzi a laimu samagwira ntchito pang'ono pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwake ndikuwonjezera pang'ono ma visni. Hydroxypylropyl ndi chokhazikika pamchere wambiri, koma pamene kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi yayitali, mamasukidwe a hydroxypropyl so methylcellulose yankho limayamba kuchuluka.
⑤hydropypypyl methylcellulose imatha kusakanikirana ndi ma poity-soublers kuti apange yunifolomu komanso njira yodziwikiratu yomwe ikuwoneka bwino. Monga mowa wa mulyvinyl, madzi owuma, masamba chingamu, etc.
⑥ hydroxypropyll methylcellulose ili ndi enzyme yolimba kuposa methylcelulose, ndipo yankho lake limakhala lopanda michere kuposa methylcellulose.
⑦ theheres a hydroxypropyll methylcelulose kuti zomanga mtembo ndipamwamba kuposa za methylcellulose.
1.3.3 hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (hec)
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyeyeretsedwa limathandizidwa ndi alkali, ndipo anachita ndi Ethylene oxide ngati othandizila mu Acetune. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 1.5-2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity wamphamvu ndipo ndizosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
①hydrothyl cellulose ndi kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake imakhazikika kutentha kwambiri osafuula. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa kutentha kwambiri kumatope, koma madzi ake ndi otsika kuposa a methyl cellulose.
②hydrothyl cellulose ndi khola kwa onse ndi alkali. Alkali amathandizira kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera pang'ono mamasukidwe ake. Kubalalitsa kwake m'madzi kumakulitsa pang'ono kuposa kwa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl celluse.
③hydrothyl cellulose ili ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope, koma ili ndi nthawi yobwezera simenti.
Kuchita kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose yopangidwa ndi mabizinesi ena apakhomo ndikowoneka kuti ndi otsika kuposa a methyl cellulose chifukwa cha madzi ake okwera.
1.3.4 Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (cmc) imapangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, sumpon, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mulingo wazolowa m'malo mwake 0,4-1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
①carboymethyl cellulose ndi hygroscopic, ndipo ikhala ndi madzi ambiri akasungidwa pansi pa nyengo zambiri.
②hydroxymethyl cellulose yothetsera vuto sizingatulutse gel, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zimachepa ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Kutentha kukapitirira 50 ℃, ma visyyo ndi osasintha.
③ Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi PH. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito matope a gypsum, koma osati matope a simenti. Mukakhala achibale, amataya mamasukidwe.
④ Kusungidwa kwake kwamadzi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yobwezeretsa matope a gypsum ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
2. Malire osinthidwa
Kukula kwamiyala nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito matope amasinthidwa ku ma polls achilengedwe a polysaccharides. Monga mbatata, chimanga, chinangwa, ndewu za nyemba, zina zinasinthidwa kukhala zotumphuka zosiyanasiyana zosinthidwa. Wokhuta wanda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku matope ndi hydroxypropyl wowuma ether ether, hydroxymethyl stuther ether ether, etc.
Nthawi zambiri, wowuma Eyang'anitsidwa kuchokera mbatata, chimanga, ndi chinangwa chimakhala ndi malire pamadzi kwambiri kuposa celloli. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kosiyanasiyana, kumawonetsa kukhazikika kosiyanasiyana kwa asidi ndi alkali. Zinthu zina ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matope a gypsum, pomwe ena sangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'matavalo a simenti. Kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro cham'matontho kumatope kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chotsitsimutsa katundu wa matope, kuchepetsa cholumikizira cha matope onyowa, ndikukulitsa nthawi yotseguka.
Kukhuta manja nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi cellulose, chifukwa chokwanira komanso zabwino za zinthu ziwirizi. Popeza kusintha kwa ether ether ndi kotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa ethel ether, kugwiritsa ntchito stuther ether, kugwiritsa ntchito matope ozizira kumathetsa mtengo wamatope.
3.. Guar Gum ether
Guar Gum ether ndi mtundu wa polysaccharide ndi katundu wapadera, womwe umasinthidwa ndi nyemba zachilengedwe. Makamaka kudzera mu chinsinsi pakati pa Guver Gum ndi ma acrylic ogwiritsira ntchito 2-hydroxypropyl magwiridwe antchito amapangidwa, yomwe ndi polygalactonnose kapangidwe ka polygactamenose.
Yotherpred ndi cellulose ether, guar Gum ether ndizosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi. PH kwenikweni ilibe mphamvu pa ntchito ya Guar Ether ether.
Kusintha mikhalidwe yotsika kwambiri komanso mlingo wotsika, chingamu cha Guar chimatha m'malo mwa ethel ether mulingo wofanana, ndipo ali ndi madzi ofanana. Koma kusasinthika, anti-sag, thixotropy ndipo motero ayi.
Kusintha mikhalidwe yowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso mlingo waukulu, chingamu cha Guar sichingalowe m'malo mwa cellulose, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kosakanikirana kwa ziwirizi kumabweretsa bwino.
Matope a Guar Gum mu matope a gypsum omwe amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kutsatira kwa kutsatira nthawi yomanga ndikupanga kumanga koyera. Ilibe zovuta pa nthawi yokhala ndi mphamvu yamatope a gypsum.
⑤ Pamene Guar Gum imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga matope ndi matope, imatha kusintha ma cellulose kuchuluka, ndikuwonetsa matope ndi kukana kwabwinoko.
⑥ Kin matope okhala ndi mafayilo apamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe asungidwa, Guar Gum ndi curoluse ether adzagwira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse zabwino.
⑦ Guar Gum imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazogulitsa monga matayala omata, odzipangira okha odziletsa, putty-blity, ndi matope am'matamba kuti musungunuke khoma.
4.. Zosinthidwa michere yamadzi
Thupi losungidwa ndi madzi opangidwa ndi mchere wachilengedwe kudzera mu kusinthana ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China. Michendu yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza madzi osungirako madzi ndi: Sepiolite, Bentonite, Montmorillonite, Kaolin, malo ena osungirako madzi ndi kukula kwamitundu ina. Mtundu wamtunduwu wokhala ndi madzi wosunga matope ali ndi machitidwe otsatirawa.
① Imatha kusintha matope wamba, ndikuthetsa mavuto obisaladira mosavuta kwa matope a simenti, mphamvu yotsika ya matope, komanso madzi osakanikirana.
② Zinthu zopanga matope ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale komanso nyumba zapachiweniweni zimatha kupangidwa.
Mtengo wachuma umakhala wotsika.
④ Kusungidwa kwamadzi ndi kotsika kuposa komwe kwa matope osungira madzi okhazikika, ndipo mtengo wouma wamatambo wokonzedwa ndi waukulu, ndipo zogwirizana zimachepetsedwa.
Post Nthawi: Mar-03-2023