Cellulose ndi polysaride yovuta yopangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri za glucose zolumikizidwa ndi β-1,4-glycosidic. Ndi gawo lalikulu la makhoma a cell ndikupatsa makhola a cell omwe amathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa cha cellulose moleculase unyolo wamtundu wapamwamba komanso wokhazikika, umakhala ndi bata wamphamvu komanso kusamasuka.
(1) katundu wa cellulose ndi zovuta pakusungunuka
Cellulose ali ndi zotsatirazi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupasuka:
Ululu wapamwamba: Maunyolo apamwamba a cellulose amapanga mawonekedwe omangika omangira ma hydrogen ndi a van der ankhondo.
Digiriiti yayikulu ya polymerization: digiri ya polymerization (mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa ma molecular (nthawi zambiri kumayambira mayunitsi masauzande ambiri, omwe amawonjezera kukhazikika kwa molekyulu.
Hydrogen Conseor net net net net: ma bondo a haidgeni amapezeka pakati komanso mkati mwa ma unyolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwonongeka ndikusungunuka ndi General solverts.
(2) Kusungunuka komwe kumasungunuka cellulouso
Pakadali pano, ma reagents odziwika omwe amatha kusungunula bwino cellulose makamaka kuphatikiza magulu otsatirawa:
1. Inoc zakumwa
Ionic Zamwazi ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi zigawo za organic ndi mabereka kapena ogwiritsa ntchito, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma volatiki otsika, kukhazikika kwambiri. Zakumwa zina za ionic zimatha kusungunula cellulose, ndipo makina akuluakulu ndikuphwanya ma bondo a hydrogen pakati pa ma unyolo molengo. Zam'madzimadzi zodziwika bwino zomwe zimasungunula cellulose kuphatikiza:
1-Buty-3-Ithylimidazolium chloride ([Bmum] cl): Ionic solid imasungunuka cellulose polumikizana ndi ma hydrogen Compors.
1-ethyl-3-athylimidazolium acetate ([AMIM] [AC]: Mafuta a ionic amatha kusungunula ma cellulose kukhala mikhalidwe yofatsa.
2. Amine oxidant yankho
Amine oxidant yankho monga yankho losakanizika la diethylamine (dea) ndi chloride chloride amatchedwa [Cu (II) - yomwe ndi sopo wamphamvu yomwe imatha kusungunula conlouluse. Imawononga mawonekedwe a galasi la cellulose kudzera m'mafuta ndi kuphatikizira hydrogen, ndikupanga ma cellulose ma sincose unyolo wofewa komanso wosungunuka.
3. Litium chloride-dimethlaceream (lill-dmac) dongosolo
Aalk-DMac (Lithiam chloride-dimethlaceream) dongosolo ndi amodzi mwa njira zosungunuka kuti musungunuke cellulose. Lill imatha kupanga mpikisano wa zomangira za hydrogen, potero ndikuwononga kulumikizana kwa hydrogen pakati pa mamolekyulu a cellulose, pomwe DMUC monga solulu imatha kulumikizana bwino ndi ma cellulose molecular unyolo.
4. Hydrochloric acid / zinc chloride sol
The hydrochloric acid / zinc chloride solution ndi wosinthika koyambirira womwe amatha kusungunula cellulose. Imatha kupasuka cellulose popanga mgwirizano pakati pa zinc cloride ndi ma cellulose ma unyolo a celdrogen owononga mamolekyulu a celloul. Komabe, yankho ili limakhala ndi zida ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandiza.
5.
Michere ya fibrinolyth (monga ma cellales) amasungunula cellulose mwa kuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa ma oligosurides ndi onosoccharides. Njirayi ili ndi mapulogalamu angapo mu minda yosinthira ndi kutembenuka kwake, ngakhale kuti kusinthika kwake sikuli kotheratu mankhwala, koma amakwaniritsidwa kudzera biocatalysis.
(3) makina osokoneza cellulose
Ma reagents osiyanasiyana ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zakusungunulira cellulose, koma nthawi zambiri amatha kutchulidwa ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu:
Kuwonongedwa kwa ma hydrogen zomangira: kuwononga zomangira za hydrogen pakati pa ma cellulose molecular unyolo kudzera pa mpikisano wa hydrogen, ndikupangitsa kuti isungunuke.
Kupuma kwa chitsulo cha maselo: Kuchulukitsa zofewa kwa ma cellulose ma unyolo ndikuchepetsa unyolo wamiseche kudzera munjira yakuthupi kapena mankhwala, kuti asungunuke mu ma sol sol.
(4) Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito kwa cellulose
Ma cellulose osinthika ali ndi mapulogalamu ofunikira m'minda yambiri:
Kukonzekera kwa cellulose zochokera ku cellulose, zitha kusinthidwa mogwirizana ndi ma cellose et, ma cellulose ndi zotumphukira zina, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya, mankhwala, zokutira ndi minda ina.
Zovala za cellulose: kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose yosungunuka, ma cellulose a cellulose, cellulose nevanes ndi zinthu zina zitha kukonzekera. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi zida zabwino komanso zopanda pake.
Mphamvu zamafamu: Mwa kusungunuka ndi kuwonongeka kwa cellulose, itha kusinthidwa kukhala surages yoponya ma biofueles monga bioethanol, zomwe zimathandiza kukwaniritsa chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokonzanso.
Cellulose kuwonongeka ndi njira yovuta yokhudza njira zingapo zamankhwala komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Ionic zakumwa, amino oxidant mayankho, dmac sylochloric acid / Zicrochloric acid Mtumiki aliyense ali ndi zotupa zake zapadera ndi gawo lofunsidwa. Ndi kuphunzira kwakuya kwa kusintha kwa cellulose, kumakhulupirira njira zosinthika ndi chilengedwe zidzakulitsidwa, kupereka njira zambiri zothanirana ndi chitukuko cha cellulose.
Post Nthawi: Jul-09-2024