Chifukwa chiyani cellulose amatchedwa polima?

Cellulose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kuti organic compound yochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi molekyu yochititsa chidwi komanso yovuta kwambiri yomwe imakhudza kwambiri mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo, kuyambira momwe zomera zimapangidwira mpaka kupanga mapepala ndi nsalu.

Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chakecelluloseili m'gulu la polima, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe ma cell ake amapangidwira, kapangidwe kake, ndi machitidwe omwe amawonetsa pamlingo waukulu komanso wocheperako. Powunika mbali zonse izi, titha kudziwa bwino mtundu wa cellulose wa polima.

Zoyambira za Polymer Chemistry:
Sayansi ya polima ndi nthambi ya chemistry yomwe imachita ndi kafukufuku wa ma macromolecules, omwe ndi mamolekyu akulu opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza omwe amadziwika kuti ma monomers. Njira ya polymerization imaphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa ma monomers awa kudzera mu ma covalent bond, kupanga maunyolo aatali kapena maukonde.

Mapangidwe a Ma cellulose Molecular:
Ma cellulose amapangidwa makamaka ndi maatomu a kaboni, haidrojeni, ndi mpweya, wokonzedwa mozungulira ngati unyolo. Chomangira chake choyambirira, molekyulu ya glucose, imakhala ngati gawo limodzi la cellulose polymerization. Chigawo chilichonse cha shuga mkati mwa unyolo wa cellulose chimalumikizidwa ndi chotsatira kudzera pa β(1→4) glycosidic linkages, pomwe magulu a hydroxyl (-OH) pa kaboni-1 ndi kaboni-4 wa mayunitsi a glucose oyandikana nawo amakumana ndi ma condensation kuti apange kulumikizana.

Ma cellulose a polymeric:

Mayunitsi Obwereza: Kulumikizana kwa β(1→4) glycosidic mu cellulose kumabweretsa kubwereza kwa mayunitsi a shuga motsatira tcheni cha polima. Kubwerezabwereza kwa mayunitsi apangidwe ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira cha ma polima.
Kulemera Kwambiri kwa Mamolekyulu: Ma cellulose amakhala ndi masauzande ambiri mpaka mamiliyoni a mayunitsi a shuga, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mamolekyu apamwamba kwambiri a zinthu za polima.
Kapangidwe ka Unyolo Wautali: Kapangidwe ka mizere ya mayunitsi a shuga mu maunyolo a cellulose amapanga maunyolo a mamolekyu otalikirapo, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe ngati unyolo omwe amawonedwa mu ma polima.
Intermolecular Interactions: Ma cellulose mamolekyu amawonetsa kulumikizana kwa hydrogen pakati pa maunyolo oyandikana, kumathandizira kupanga ma microfibrils ndi ma macroscopic, monga ulusi wa cellulose.
Katundu Wamakina: Kulimba kwamakina ndi kulimba kwa cellulose, kofunikira kuti pakhale kukhulupirika kwa makoma a cellulose, zimatengera chikhalidwe chake cha polima. Zinthu izi zimakumbukira zinthu zina za polima.
Biodegradability: Ngakhale kuti ndi yolimba, cellulose imatha kuwonongeka, ndikuwonongeka kwa enzymatic ndi ma cellulase, omwe amatsitsa kulumikizana kwa glycosidic pakati pa mayunitsi a shuga, kenako ndikuphwanya polima kukhala ma monomers ake.

Mapulogalamu ndi Kufunika kwake:
Chikhalidwe cha polima chacelluloseimathandizira ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapepala ndi zamkati, nsalu, mankhwala, ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Zipangizo zokhala ndi ma cellulose zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kusinthikanso, komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri masiku ano.

cellulose amayenerera kukhala polima chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mamolekyulu, omwe amakhala ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma β(1→4) ma glycosidic bond, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale unyolo wautali wokhala ndi mamolekyu apamwamba kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chake cha polima chimawonekera m'makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapangidwe a unyolo wotalikirapo wa mamolekyulu, kulumikizana kwa ma intermolecular, mphamvu zamakina, ndi biodegradability. Kumvetsetsa ma cellulose ngati polima ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwononga ntchito zake zambirimbiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwake muukadaulo ndi zida zokhazikika.