Ibimera bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubisanzwe mubuzima bwacu. Dukurikije amasoko atandukanye, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice by'inyamaswa, kole y'imboga hamwe na kole. Ibikoko byinyamanswa birimo kole yuruhu, kole yamagufa, shellac, kase ya kole, alubumu ya kole, uruhago rwamafi, nibindi.; kole y'imboga irimo ibinyamisogwe, dextrin, rosin, gum arabic, reberi karemano, nibindi.; imyunyu ngugu irimo ibishashara, asifalt Tegereza. Bitewe n'amasoko menshi, igiciro gito n'uburozi buke, ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo mu nzu, guhuza ibitabo, gupakira no gutunganya ubukorikori.
ibinyamisogwe
Nyuma yo gufatisha ibinyamisogwe byinjiye mu kinyejana cya 21, imikorere myiza y’ibidukikije yibikoresho bizahinduka ikintu cyingenzi cyibintu bishya. Ibinyamisogwe ni uburozi, butagira ingaruka, buhendutse, ibinyabuzima byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye. By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku nganda ku isi riratera imbere mu rwego rwo kuzigama ingufu, ku giciro gito, nta byangiza byinshi, ubukonje bwinshi kandi nta gishishwa.
Nkubwoko bwibicuruzwa bibungabunga ibidukikije bibisi, ibishishwa bya krahisi byakuruye abantu benshi kandi bitabwaho cyane munganda zifata. Kubijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa no guteza imbere ibishishwa bya krahisi, ibyiringiro byo gufatisha ibinyamisogwe byatewe na krahisi y'ibigori biratanga ikizere, kandi ubushakashatsi no kubishyira mu bikorwa ni byinshi.
Vuba aha, ibinyamisogwe bifata cyane cyane mubicuruzwa byimpapuro nimpapuro, nko gufunga amakarito na karito, gushyiramo ikimenyetso, gufunga indege, gufunga amabahasha, guhuza imifuka yimpapuro nyinshi, nibindi.
Amashanyarazi menshi asanzwe yamenyekanye hano hepfo:
Oxidized krahisi ifata
Gelatinizer yateguwe ivanze nuruvange rwa krahisi yahinduwe hamwe na polymerisiyasi nkeya irimo groupe ya aldehyde hamwe na carboxyl groupe namazi mugikorwa cya okiside ukoresheje ubushyuhe cyangwa gelatine mubushyuhe bwicyumba ni kashe yuzuye yuzuye. Iyo krahisi imaze kuba oxyde, okiside ya okiside hamwe no gukama amazi, guhindagurika no gufatana.
Ingano ya okiside ni nto, urugero rwa okiside ntiruhagije, umubare rusange wamatsinda mashya yimikorere yakozwe na krahisi aragabanuka, ububobere bwamavuta bwiyongera, ubwiza bwambere buragabanuka, amazi meza arakennye. Ifite uruhare runini kuri acide, mucyo hamwe na hydroxyl yibigize.
Hamwe no kumara igihe cyo kubyitwaramo, urwego rwa okiside rwiyongera, ibikubiye mu itsinda rya carboxyl biriyongera, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bugabanuka buhoro buhoro, ariko gukorera mu mucyo bigenda neza kandi neza.
Amashanyarazi afashe neza
Ibikoresho bifata neza bya krahisi ni ibyangiritse bidashobora kwangirika, biha ibinyamisogwe hamwe nitsinda rishya ryimikorere binyuze muri esterification reaction hagati ya hydroxyl ya hydroxyl ya molekile ya krahisi nibindi bintu, bityo bikazamura imikorere yimitsi ya krahisi. Bitewe no guhuza igice cya krahisi ya esterifique, bityo Ubukonje bwiyongera, umutekano uhagaze neza, imitungo irinda ubushuhe hamwe na anti-virusi iratera imbere, kandi igipande gifatika gishobora kwihanganira ibikorwa bihanitse kandi bito kandi bisimburana.
Yashushanyijeho ibinyamisogwe
Gushushanya ibinyamisogwe ni ugukoresha uburyo bwa fiziki na chimique kugirango urunigi rwa molekuline rutange radicals yubusa, kandi iyo uhuye na polymer monomers, habaho urunigi. Urunigi rwuruhande rugizwe na polymer monomers ikorwa kumurongo wingenzi.
Kwifashisha ibintu byerekana ko polyethylene na molekile zombi zifite amatsinda ya hydroxyl, imigozi ya hydrogène irashobora gushingwa hagati ya alcool ya polyvinyl na molekile ya krahisi, bigira uruhare mu “guhuza” hagati ya alcool ya polyvinyl na molekile ya krahisi, ku buryo ifata ya krahisi yabonetse ifite byinshi Kwifata neza, gutembera hamwe no kurwanya ubukonje.
Kuberako ibishishwa bya krahisi bifata polymer karemano, biri hasi kubiciro, bidafite uburozi kandi bitaryoshye, kandi nta mwanda bihumanya ibidukikije, bityo byakorewe ubushakashatsi cyane kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa. Vuba aha, ibishishwa bya krahisi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mpapuro, imyenda y'ipamba, amabahasha, ibirango, n'ikarito ikarito.
Amashanyarazi ya selile
Ibikomoka kuri selile ya selile ikoreshwa nkibifata cyane harimo methyl selulose, Ethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, carboxymethyl selulose nizindi selile (EC): ni A thermoplastique, amazi adashonga, nonionic selulose alkyl ether.
Ifite imiti ihamye, irwanya alkali ikomeye, irinda amashanyarazi meza na rheologiya ya mashini, kandi ifite ibiranga kugumana imbaraga no guhinduka mubushyuhe bwinshi kandi buke. Irashobora guhuza byoroshye n'ibishashara, resin, plasitike, nibindi, nkimpapuro, reberi, uruhu, Ibifunga imyenda.
Methyl selulose (CMC): ionic selulose ether. Mu nganda z’imyenda, CMC ikoreshwa kenshi mugusimbuza ibinyamisogwe byujuje ubuziranenge nkibikoresho binini byimyenda. Imyenda isize hamwe na CMC irashobora kongera ubworoherane no kunoza cyane imiterere yo gucapa no gusiga irangi. 'Mu nganda z’ibiribwa, amavuta atandukanye ya cream cream yongewemo na CMC afite imiterere ihamye, yoroshye kurangi, kandi ntibyoroshye koroshya. Nkibifatika, bikoreshwa mugukora ibipapuro, agasanduku k'impapuro, imifuka yimpapuro, wallpaper nibiti byubukorikori.
Cellulose esteribikomoka: cyane cyane nitrocellulose na acetate ya selile. Nitrocellulose: Azwi kandi nka nitrate ya selile, ibirimo azote muri rusange biri hagati ya 10% na 14% kubera impamyabumenyi zitandukanye.
Ibirimo byinshi bizwi cyane nka pamba yumuriro, yakoreshejwe mugukora ifu itagira umwotsi na colloidal. Ibirimo bike bizwi nka collodion. Ntishobora gushonga mumazi, ariko irashonga mumvange ya alcool ya etyl na ether, kandi igisubizo ni collodion. Kubera ko umusemburo wa collodion uhinduka kandi ugakora firime itoroshye, akenshi ikoreshwa mugufunga amacupa, kurinda ibikomere hamwe na selileide ya plastike ya mbere mumateka.
Niba ingano ikwiye ya alkyd resin yongeweho nkuhindura kandi umubare ukwiye wa camphor ukoreshwa nkibikoresho bikaze, bihinduka amavuta ya nitrocellulose, akoreshwa kenshi muguhuza impapuro, imyenda, uruhu, ikirahure, ibyuma na ceramika.
Cellulose acetate: Bizwi kandi nka selile ya selile. Imbere ya catalizike ya acide sulfurike, selile yatewe hamwe nuruvange rwa acide acetike na Ethanol, hanyuma acide acide acike yongerwaho hydrolyze ibicuruzwa kurwego rwifuzwa rwa esterifike.
Ugereranije na nitrocellulose, acetate ya selile irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura ibishingwe bishingiye kumashanyarazi kugirango uhuze ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike nk'ibirahure n'ibikinisho. Ugereranije na nitrate ya selile, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubukonje no kuramba, ariko ifite aside irwanya nabi, irwanya ubushuhe hamwe n’ikirere.
poroteyine
Ibikoresho bya poroteyine ni ubwoko bumwe bufatika hamwe na poroteyine zirimo ibintu by'ibanze. Ibifatika birashobora gukorwa muri poroteyine y’inyamaswa na poroteyine y’imboga. Ukurikije poroteyine yakoreshejwe, igabanyijemo poroteyine y’inyamaswa (fen glue, gelatin, proteine glue, na albumin) hamwe na poroteyine yimboga (gum ibishyimbo, nibindi). Mubisanzwe bafite impagarara nyinshi iyo zumye kandi zikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo mu nzu no gukora ibiti. Nyamara, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwayo no kurwanya amazi birakennye, muri byo ibyubaka umubiri bya poroteyine ni ngombwa.
Soya proteine glue: Poroteyine yimboga ntabwo ari ibiryo byingenzi byibiribwa gusa, ahubwo ifite nuburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mubitari ibiribwa. Johnson yateje imbere amavuta ya soya, guhera mu 1923, Johnson yasabye ipatanti ya soya ya proteine.
Mu 1930, soya ya proteine fenolike resin yamashanyarazi (DuPont Mass Division) ntabwo yakoreshejwe cyane kubera imbaraga nke zo guhuza hamwe nigiciro kinini cyumusaruro.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, kubera kwaguka kw'isoko rifatika, aside irike y’umutungo wa peteroli ku isi ndetse n’umwanda uhumanya ibidukikije byakuruye ibitekerezo, bituma inganda zifata zongera gusuzuma ibintu bishya bifatika, bivamo amavuta ya soya ya soya yongeye kuba ahantu h’ubushakashatsi.
Ibiti bya soya ntabwo ari uburozi, uburyohe, biroroshye gukoresha, ariko bifite amazi mabi. Ongeraho 0.1% ~ 1.0% (misa) yibikoresho bihuza nka thiourea, disulfide ya karubone, tricarboxymethyl sulfide, nibindi birashobora kunoza amazi, kandi bigakora ibifatika byo guhuza ibiti no kubyara pani.
Intungamubiri za poroteyine y’inyamaswa: Utubuto tw’amatungo twakoreshejwe cyane mu bikoresho byo mu nzu no gutunganya ibiti. Ibicuruzwa bikunze gukoreshwa birimo ibikoresho nkintebe, ameza, akabati, moderi, ibikinisho, ibicuruzwa bya siporo hamwe na etage.
Ibirungo bishya byamatungo bifitemo ibinini birimo 50-60% harimo ubwoko bwihuse bwo gukira no gukira buhoro, bukoreshwa muguhuza imbaho zamafiriti yamabati akomeye, guterana munzu igendanwa, laminate igoye, nandi matungo yubushyuhe buhenze cyane. Ibito bito n'ibiciriritse bifata ibihe bya kole.
Amatungo yinyamanswa nubwoko bwibanze bwo gufatira hamwe gukoreshwa kaseti. Izi kaseti zirashobora gukoreshwa mumifuka isanzwe yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa hamwe na kaseti ziremereye nko gufunga cyangwa gupakira fibre ikomeye hamwe nagasanduku kamenetse kubyoherezwa aho hakenewe ibikorwa byubukanishi bwihuse hamwe nimbaraga ndende ndende.
Muri iki gihe, ingano ya kole yamagufa ni nini, kandi kole yuruhu ikoreshwa kenshi wenyine cyangwa ifatanije na kole yamagufwa. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Coating Online kibitangaza ngo ibifatika bikoreshwa muri rusange bikozwe mu buryo bukomeye bungana na 50%, kandi birashobora kuvangwa na dextrin kuri 10% kugeza kuri 20% bya misa yumye, hamwe n’ibikoresho bito bitose, plasitike, gel inhibitor (mugihe bibaye ngombwa).
Ibifatika (60 ~ 63 ℃) mubisanzwe bivangwa n irangi kumpapuro zinyuma, kandi umubare wibintu bikomeye ni 25% byimbaraga zimpapuro. Kaseti itose irashobora gukama munsi yubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bushyushye cyangwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwo guhumeka neza.
Byongeye kandi, porogaramu ya kole yinyamanswa zirimo gukora sandpaper na gauze abrasives, ingano nogusiga imyenda nimpapuro, no guhuza ibitabo nibinyamakuru.
Tannin
Tannin ni ifumbire mvaruganda irimo amatsinda ya polifenolike, igaragara cyane muruti, igishishwa, imizi, amababi n'imbuto byibimera. Ahanini uhereye kubiti bitunganyirizwa ibiti n'ibiti birimo tannine nyinshi. Tannin, formaldehyde namazi bivangwa kandi bigashyuha kugirango ubone tannin resin, hanyuma hongerwamo imiti ikiza hamwe nuwuzuza, hanyuma ibifata bya tannin biboneka mukubyutsa neza.
Ibiti bya Tannin bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe nubushuhe busaza, kandi imikorere yo gufatisha ibiti isa niyifata fenolike. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukata ibiti, nibindi.
lignin
Lignin ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize ibiti, kandi ibiyirimo bingana na 20-40% by'ibiti, icya kabiri nyuma ya selile. Biragoye gukuramo lignine mu biti, kandi isoko nyamukuru ni imyanda ya pulp, ikungahaye cyane kubutunzi.
Lignin ntabwo ikoreshwa nk'ibiti byonyine, ahubwo ni polimeri ya resin polymer yabonetse kubikorwa byitsinda rya fenolike ya lignin na formaldehyde nkibifata. Mu rwego rwo kunoza kurwanya amazi, irashobora gukoreshwa ifatanije nimpeta yuzuye isopropane epoxy isocyanate, fenol yubucucu, resorcinol nibindi bikoresho. Ibikoresho bya Lignin bikoreshwa cyane muguhuza pani na buke. Nyamara, ububobere bwayo buri hejuru kandi ibara ryimbitse, kandi nyuma yo kunozwa, urugero rwo gusaba rushobora kwagurwa.
Icyarabu
Gum arabic, izwi kandi nka acacia gum, ni isohoka mu gisekuru cyinzige zo mu gasozi. Yiswe kubera umusaruro mwinshi mubihugu byabarabu. Gum arabic igizwe ahanini nuburemere buke bwa polysaccharide nuburemere buke bwa acacia glycoproteine. Bitewe n'amazi meza yo gushonga ya gum arabic, formulaire iroroshye cyane, idasaba ubushyuhe cyangwa umuvuduko. Gum Icyarabu cyumye vuba cyane. Irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza lensike optique, kashe ya kashe, gushira ibirango byikirango, guhuza ibiryo bipfunyika no gucapa no gusiga amarangi.
Ibifunga bidasanzwe
Ibikoresho bifata ibintu bidafite umubiri, nka fosifate, fosifate, sulfate, imyunyu ya boron, okiside yicyuma, nibindi, byitwa ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe. Ibiranga:
(1) Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, birashobora kwihanganira 1000 ℃ cyangwa ubushyuhe burenze:
(2) Ibintu byiza birwanya gusaza:
(3) Kugabanuka gato
(4) Ubugome bukomeye. Modulike ya elastike ni ikirenge kirengeje icy'ibiti bifatika:
(5) Kurwanya amazi, aside na alkali birwanya ubukene.
Urabizi? Ibifatika bifite ubundi buryo bukoreshwa usibye gukomera.
Kurwanya ruswa: Imiyoboro ya parike yubwato iba yuzuyeho silikatike ya aluminium na asibesitosi kugira ngo igere ku bushyuhe bw’umuriro, ariko kubera kumeneka cyangwa guhinduranya ubukonje n’ubushyuhe, havamo amazi ya kondensate, yegeranya ku rukuta rwo hanze rw’imiyoboro yo hasi; kandi imiyoboro ya parike ihura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe kirekire, umunyu ushonga Uruhare rwangirika kurukuta rwo hanze rurakomeye cyane.
Kugirango bigerweho, ibirahuri byamazi byamazi birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutwikira kurwego rwo hasi rwa silikatike ya aluminiyumu kugirango ibe igifuniko gifite imiterere isa na emam. Mugushiraho imashini, ibice bikunze guhinduka. Kumara igihe kinini guhumeka kubikoresho byahinduwe birashobora gutera kwangirika. Mubikorwa byimashini, rimwe na rimwe bolts irekurwa kubera kunyeganyega gukabije.
Kugirango ukemure iki kibazo, ibice bihuza birashobora guhuzwa hamwe nudukoko twa organic organique mugushiraho imashini, hanyuma bigahuzwa na bolts. Ibi ntibishobora kugira uruhare mu gushimangira gusa, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu kurwanya ruswa.
Biomedical: Ibigize hydroxyapatite bioceramic yibintu byegeranye ningingo ngengabuzima yamagufa yumuntu, ifite biocompatibilité nziza, irashobora gukora imvano ikomeye yimiti hamwe namagufwa, kandi nikintu cyiza cyo gusimbuza ingirangingo.
Nyamara, modulike rusange ya elastike ya HA yateguwe ni ndende kandi imbaraga ni nke, kandi ibikorwa ntabwo ari byiza. Ikirahuri cya fosifate cyatoranijwe, kandi ifu ya HA yibikoresho bifatanyirizwa hamwe mubushyuhe bwo hasi ugereranije nubushyuhe bwa gakondo bwo gucumura binyuze mubikorwa bya afashe, bityo bikagabanya modulus ya elastike kandi ikemeza ibikorwa bifatika.
Cohesion Technologies Ltd yatangaje ko bakoze kashe ya Coseal ishobora gukoreshwa muguhuza umutima kandi ikoreshwa neza mubuvuzi. Binyuze mu gukoresha ikigereranyo cya 21 cyo kubaga umutima mu Burayi, byagaragaye ko gukoresha kubaga Coseal byagabanije cyane kubaga ugereranije n’ubundi buryo. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bw’ubuvuzi bwerekanye ko kashe ya Coseal ifite amahirwe menshi yo kubaga umutima, abagore ndetse n’inda.
Gukoresha ibifatika mubuvuzi bizwi nkikintu gishya cyo gukura munganda zifata. Ububiko bwubatswe bugizwe na epoxy resin cyangwa polyester idahagije.
Mu buhanga bwo kwirwanaho: Ubwato bwo mu mazi ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigezweho byo kuvugurura ibikoresho byo mu mazi. Uburyo bwingenzi bwubujura bwamazi nugushira amabati akurura amajwi hejuru yikibabi. Tile ikurura amajwi ni ubwoko bwa reberi ifite imiterere-y-amajwi.
Kugirango tumenye neza guhuza tile na plaque yicyuma cyurukuta rwubwato, birakenewe kwishingikiriza kumutwe. Ikoreshwa mu rwego rwa gisirikare: kubungabunga tanki, guteranya ubwato bwa gisirikare, ibisasu by’indege za gisirikare, ibisasu bya misile bitwaje ibisasu, guhuza ibikoresho bya kamera, kurwanya iterabwoba no kurwanya iterabwoba.
Biratangaje? Ntukarebe udusimba twacu duto, harimo ubumenyi bwinshi muri bwo.
Ibintu nyamukuru byumubiri nubumara byimiti
Igihe cyo gukora
Igihe ntarengwa hagati yo kuvanga no guhuza ibice bigomba guhuzwa
Igihe cyambere cyo gukiza
Igihe cyo Kuvanaho Imbaraga Zemerera Imbaraga Zihagije zo Gukora Bonds, harimo Kwimura Ibice Biturutse Mubikoresho
igihe cyo gukiza cyuzuye
Igihe gisabwa kugirango ugere kumiterere yanyuma ya mashini nyuma yo kuvanga
igihe cyo kubika
Mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ibifatika birashobora gukomeza kugikora hamwe nigihe cyo kubika imbaraga zagenwe
imbaraga zubumwe
Mubikorwa byimbaraga zo hanze, imihangayiko isabwa kugirango habeho intera iri hagati yifatanije nuwifatanije mugice gifatanye gusenyuka cyangwa hafi yacyo
Imbaraga zogosha
Imbaraga zogosha zerekana imbaraga zogosha igice gishobora guhuza mugihe igice cyo guhuza cyangiritse, kandi igice cyacyo kigaragarira muri MPa (N / mm2)
Imbaraga zingana
Umutwaro ntarengwa urufatiro rushobora kwihanganira iyo rukorewe imbaraga zidasanzwe zo gukuramo, kubera ko umutwaro ahanini wibanze ku mpande ebyiri cyangwa ku nkombe imwe y’igiti gifatika, kandi imbaraga ziri ku burebure bwa buri gice aho kuba ahantu hamwe, hamwe nigice ni KN / m
Imbaraga
Imbaraga zingana, zizwi kandi nk'imbaraga zo gukurura hamwe n'imbaraga nziza, zerekeza ku mbaraga zingana kuri buri gace iyo gufatira kwangiritse ku mbaraga, kandi igice kigaragarira muri MPa (N / mm2).
imbaraga
Imbaraga zishishwa nuburemere ntarengwa kuri buri bugari bushobora kwihanganira mugihe ibice byahujwe bitandukanijwe mugihe cyagenwe cyo gukuramo, kandi igice cyacyo kigaragarira muri KN / m
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-25-2024