Ubumenyi bwa shimi ibisobanuro nibitandukaniro bya fibre, selile na selile ether

Fibre:

Fibre, murwego rwa chimie nibikoresho siyanse, bivuga icyiciro cyibikoresho birangwa nimiterere yabo miremire, imeze nkurudodo. Ibi bikoresho bigizwe na polymers, ni molekile nini igizwe nibice bisubiramo bita monomers. Fibre irashobora kuba karemano cyangwa ikomatanya, kandi ugasanga ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye birimo imyenda, ibihimbano, na biomedicine.

Fibre naturel ikomoka ku bimera, inyamaswa, cyangwa imyunyu ngugu. Ingero zirimo ipamba, ubwoya, ubudodo, na asibesitosi. Ku rundi ruhande, fibre ya sintetike, ikorwa mubintu bya shimi binyuze mubikorwa nka polymerisation. Nylon, polyester, na acrylic ni ingero zisanzwe za fibre synthique.

Mu rwego rwa chimie, ijambo "fibre" mubisanzwe ryerekeza kumiterere yibikoresho aho kuba imiti yabyo. Fibre irangwa nigipimo cyayo kinini, bivuze ko ari ndende cyane kuruta ubugari. Iyi miterere ndende itanga ibintu nkimbaraga, guhinduka, no kuramba kubintu, bigatuma fibre ikenerwa mubikorwa bitandukanye kuva kumyenda kugeza gushimangira mubikoresho byinshi.

Cellulose:

Celluloseni polysaccharide, ni ubwoko bwa karubone ya hydrata igizwe n'iminyururu miremire ya molekile. Nibintu byinshi cyane bya organic polymer kwisi kandi ikora nkibigize imiterere murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima. Mu buryo bwa shimi, selile igizwe no gusubiramo ibice bya glucose bihujwe hamwe na β-1,4-glycosidic.

Imiterere ya selilose ni fibrous cyane, hamwe na molekile ya selile ya selile ihuza na microfibrile ikomeza kwegeranya kugirango ibe inyubako nini nka fibre. Izi fibre zitanga inkunga yimiterere yingirabuzimafatizo, zibaha gukomera nimbaraga. Usibye uruhare rwayo mu bimera, selile nayo ni igice kinini cya fibre yimirire iboneka mu mbuto, imboga, nintete. Abantu babura imisemburo ikenewe kugirango isenye selile, bityo inyura muri sisitemu yigifu ahanini idahwitse, ifasha igogorwa no guteza imbere amara.

Cellulose ifite ibikorwa byinshi byinganda bitewe nubwinshi bwayo, kuvugururwa, hamwe nibintu byifuzwa nka biodegradabilite, biocompatibilité, nimbaraga. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora impapuro, imyenda, ibikoresho byubaka, na biyogi.

Cellulose Ether:

Etherni itsinda ryimiti ikomoka kuri selile ikoresheje guhindura imiti. Ihinduka ririmo kwinjiza amatsinda akora, nka hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, cyangwa carboxymethyl, kumugongo wa selile. Ibisubizo bya selile ya selile bigumana bimwe mubiranga selile mugihe yerekana imitungo mishya yatanzwe nitsinda ryiyongereye.

Imwe muntandukanyirizo nyamukuru hagati ya selile na selulose ethers iri mumikorere yabyo. Mugihe selile idashobora gushonga mumazi hamwe nudukoko twinshi twinshi, ethers ya selile ikunze gushonga mumazi cyangwa ikagaragaza imbaraga zishira mumashanyarazi. Ubu busembwa butuma selulose ethers yibikoresho byinshi hamwe nibikorwa byinshi mubikorwa byinganda nka farumasi, ibiryo, amavuta yo kwisiga, nubwubatsi.

Ingero zisanzwe za selile ya selile zirimo methyl selulose (MC), hydroxypropyl selulose (HPC), na carboxymethyl selulose (CMC). Izi nteruro zikoreshwa nkibibyimbye, binders, stabilisateur, hamwe nibikoresho bikora firime muburyo butandukanye. Kurugero, CMC ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byibiribwa nkibintu byongera umubyimba na emulisiferi, mugihe HPC ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gufata imiti kugirango irekure ibiyobyabwenge.

fibre bivuga ibikoresho bifite uburebure, bumeze nkurudodo, selile ni polymer karemano iboneka murukuta rwibimera, naho ether ya selile ihindurwa muburyo bwa chimique biva muri selile hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Mugihe selile itanga urwego rwimiterere yibimera kandi ikora nkisoko ya fibre yimirire, ethers ya selile itanga imbaraga zo gukemura kandi ugasanga ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda bitewe nimiterere yihariye.