Selile ether
Uburenganzira bwa Cellulose ni ijambo rusange ryo gukurikiranwa n'ibicuruzwa byakozwe na reaction ya selile ya alkali n'umukozi ukurikiraho mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Cellulose ya Alkali isimburwa nimpamvu zitandukanye zifatika zo kubona abahanga ba seliki zitandukanye. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'imiterere ya sionisation y'abasimbuye, abakoresha selile barashobora kugabanywa mu byiciro bibiri: ionic (nka carboxymethyl selile ya selile) n'ibitari iporilose (nka methyl selile). According to the type of substituent, cellulose ether can be divided into monoether (such as methyl cellulose) and mixed ether (such as hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ukurikije ibyokuntu bitandukanye, birashobora kugabanywa mu mazi (nka hydroxyithyll igabanijwemo ubwoko bwihuse kandi hejuru yubuso bwatinze bwatinze.
Uburyo bw'ibikorwa bya selile ether muri minisiteri niyi ikurikira:
. ibice hamwe nicyiciro cya firime yoroheje yakozwe hejuru yayo, ituma sisitemu ya minisiteri ihamye neza, kandi inazamura amazi ya minisiteri mugihe cyo kuvanga no kwihitiramo.
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1. Methylcellse (MC)
Ipamba itunganijwe ifitanye isano na Alkali, ether ether yakozwe binyuze mu buryo bw'imyitwarire na methane chloride nkabakozi bahorera. Mubisanzwe, urwego rwo gusimburwa ni 1.6 ~ 2.0, kandi kwikebana nabyo bitandukanye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusimburwa. Ni iya Not-ionic selile.
. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye cyane murwego rwa PH = 3 ~ 12. Ifite neza hamwe nigitako, Guar gum, nibindi nibindi byinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe bugera ku bushyuhe bwa gelale, pelation ibaho.
. Mubisanzwe, niba amafaranga yongeyeho ari manini, igorofa ni nto, kandi viscometity nini, igipimo cyo kugumana amazi ni kinini. Muri bo, ingano yo kongenge ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cyo kugumana amazi, kandi urwego rwa vicosity ntabwo ruringaniye mu rwego rwo kugabana amazi. Igipimo cyo gusebanya cyane cyane giterwa nurwego rwo guhindura hejuru yubuso bwa selire hamwe nibyiza. Muri erebire yavuzwe haruguru, Methyl selile na hydroxypropyl methyl Methyl ifite ibiciro byamazi menshi.
. Mubisanzwe, hejuru yubushyuhe, ihohoterwa rikabije. Niba ubushyuhe bwa minisiteri burenze 40 ° C, ugumana amazi ya methyl selile bizagabanuka cyane, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubakwa kuri minisiteri.
. "Imyitozo" ikubiyemo imbaraga zifatika zumvaga hagati yigikoresho cyo gusabana nurukuta, ni ukuvuga ko kurwanya minisiteri. Kubungabunga ni byinshi, kurwanya imisiteri ari nini, kandi imbaraga zisabwa n'abakozi mu buryo bwo gukoresha nacyo ni kinini, kandi imikorere y'ubwubatsi ya minisiteri irakennye. Methyl Adherilose Ashesion ari kurwego ruciriritse mubicuruzwa bya selile.
2. HydroxyPropylmethylcellcellcellse (HPMC)
HydroxyPropyl Methylcellse nubu bwoko bwa selile birasohoka no kurya byagendaga byiyongera vuba cyane mumyaka yashize. Nibintu bitari uonic bivanze ether bikozwe mu ipamba inoze nyuma ya alkaliation, ukoresheje ibyatsi bya proplene na methyl chloride nkabakozi bashya, binyuze mu ruhererekane. Urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 1.2 ~ 2.0. Imitungo yayo iratandukanye kubipimo bitandukanye bya uburyo na hydroxyproppopyl.
. Ariko ubushyuhe bwa pelale mumazi ashyushye burenze ivya methyl selile. Kudakemura mumazi akonje nabyo birateye imbere cyane ugereranije na methyl selile.
. Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kandi ku rubyiruko, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, vicosity igabanuka. Ariko, viscosity yayo yo hejuru ifite ingaruka zo hepfo kurenza methyl selile. Igisubizo cyacyo kirahagaze mugihe kibitswe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
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. Amazi ya Caustic Soda namazi ntabwo afite ingaruka nke kubikorwa byayo, ariko alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ryongerera ubuyobe. HydroxyPropyl Methylcellse irahamye muminyuhuri isanzwe, ariko iyo kwibanda ku gisubizo cyumunyu hejuru, viscogity ya hydroxyPropyl methylcellse igisubizo gikunda kwiyongera.
. Nka Polyvinyl Inzoga, ibikatsi bya Ether, gum yimboga, nibindi
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3. Hydroxyyeryl Cellulose (HEC)
Ikozwe mu ipamba yatunganijwe yavuwe na Alkali, kandi yabyakiriye okiside okiside ya Ethyne nk'abakozi bahobera imbere ya Acetone. Urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ifite hydrophility ikomeye kandi biroroshye gukuramo ubushuhe
(1) Hydroxyyethyll selile irashonje mumazi akonje, ariko biragoye gusesa mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyacyo kirahamye ku bushyuhe burebure nta na umwelle. Irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri minisiteri, ariko kugumana amazi biri hasi kurenza ibya methyl selile.
(2) Hydroxyyethyl selile irahamye aside rusange na alkali. Alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ryongerera ubuyobe. Gutagira nabi mumazi birababaje gato kurenza ibya Methyl Celllease na HydroxyPropyl Methyl Cellulose. .
(3) Hydroxyyethyl selile ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya minisiteri, ariko ifite igihe kirekire cyo kuditana.
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4. Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Ihangane na selile ether ikozwe muri fibre karemano (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje sodium monochlorotate nkabakozi bahorerana, kandi burimo kuvura reaction. Urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 0.4 ~ 1.4, kandi imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka kurwego rwo gusimburwa.
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. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50 ° C, viscosity ntasubirwaho.
(3) Guhagarara kwayo byatewe cyane na PH. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye ku nshinge, ariko ntabwo muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo alkaline cyane, itakaza vino.
(4) Kugumana amazi ari munsi yiya Methyl selile. Ifite ingaruka zidindiza kuri minisiteri ishingiye kuri Gypsum kandi igabanya imbaraga. Ariko, igiciro cya carboxymethyl selile irari munsi cyane kurenza iya methyl selile.
Kuvurekana polymed polymed ifu
Ifu yongeye kuvugurura ifu itunganijwe mugutera kwumye emulsion idasanzwe. Muburyo bwo gutunganya, gukingira Colloid, anti-Caking Agent, nibindi birahinduka inyongeramusaruro. Ifu ya Rubber yumye ni ibice bimwe na 80 ~ 100mm byateraniye hamwe. Ibi bice birashonje mumazi kandi bigire ibyo bihamye binini cyane kuruta ibice byimbere. Iyi mpapuro izakora film nyuma yo kubura umwuma no gukama. Iyi filime ntabwo ihuye nkikigereranyo cya firime rusange, kandi ntizisubirana iyo yujuje amazi. Gutandukana.
Ifu ya rubber irashobora kugabanywamo: styrene-Butadiene copolymer, muri teriyoko ya teceyone copolymer, etylene-acetate, na vinyl laurate, etc. Ingamba zitandukanye zo guhindura zituma ifu ya rubber zisubiramo zifite imiterere itandukanye nko kurwanya amazi, kurwanya alkali, kurwanya ikirere no guhinduka. Harimo vinyl laurate na silicone, ishobora gutuma ifu ya rubber ifite hydrophobity. Amashami ya Vinyl ya Vinyl ya Tertinate hamwe nagaciro gake tg kandi byoroshye guhinduka.
Iyo ubu bwoko bwa poweri ya reberi ikoreshwa kuri minisiteri, bose bafite ingaruka zo gutinza igihe cyateguwe, ariko ingaruka zitinda ni ntoya kuruta iz'ibiciro bitaziguye byimurwa mu buryo butaziguye. Mugereranije, styrene-Butadiene ifite ingaruka nini zidindiza, na Ethyle-vinyle acetate ifite ingaruka ntoya. Niba dosage ari nto cyane, ingaruka zo kuzamura imikorere ya minisiteri ntabwo bigaragara.
PolyproPylene fibre
PolyproPylene fibre ikozwe muri polypropylene nkibikoresho fatizo na modifier bikwiye. Diameter muri rusange, imbaraga za tensile ni 300 ~ 400mpa, elastike modulus ni ≥3500mpa, kandi hejuru cyane ni 15 ~ 18%. Ibiranga imikorere yacyo:
. Niba 1 kg ya fibre ya polypropylene yongewe kuri buri toni ya minisiteri, abarenga miliyoni 30 ba monofeilament miriyoni barashobora kuboneka.
. Niba ibyo bice bigaragarira cyangwa bidagaragara. Kandi irashobora kugabanya cyane uburyo bwo kuva hejuru no gutuza gutura kuri minisiteri nshya.
. Ni ukuvuga, iyo umubiri ukomeretsa ubutaka utanga imihangayiko kubera ubumuga, birashobora kunanira no kwanduza imihangayiko. Iyo ubutaka bukomeretsa umubiri, birashobora gutangiza imihangayiko yibanda ku isonga no kugabanya kwaguka.
. Kwivanga ibikoresho, ubwoko bwa fibre hamwe na dosage, igipimo cya minio nigipimo cyacyo byose bizaba ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku batakata.
Umukozi wo mu kirere
Umukozi wikirere ni ubwoko bwagatonda bushobora gukora umwuka uhamye muri beto cyangwa minisiteri muburyo bwumubiri. Ahanini birimo: Rosin na Polymesi yubushyuhe, abatari iopic, alkylbene Sulforetates, lignosulfonates, aside karbosulfonates, acide ya carbox numunyu, nibindi.
Abakozi bashinzwe imitwaro bakunze gukoreshwa mugutegura perezida na minisiteri ya Masonri. Bitewe no kongeraho umukozi winjiza ikirere, impinduka zimwe mubikorwa byinguzanyo zizazanwa.
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. Niba umukozi ushinzwe indege hamwe namazi akoreshwa hamwe, kandi igipimo kirakwiye, imbaraga zimbaraga ntizicika intege.
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Kubera ko umubare w'ikigo cyinjira mu kirere wongeyeho ni gito cyane, muri rusange bibazwa gusa ku bihumbi icumi by'ibikoresho byose by'ibihembo, bigomba kwemerwa ko bishingiye ku musaruro wa mirtar; Ibintu nko kubyutsa no kumara umwanya bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumafaranga ashingiye ku kirere. Kubwibyo, munsi yumusaruro wo murugo no kubaka uruganda, ongeraho abakozi bafite ibikoresho byo mu kirere kuri minisiteri bisaba akazi kenshi kabi.
Imbaraga zo mu rubanza
Byakoreshejwe mugutezimbere imbaraga za beto na minisiteri, hakunze gukoreshwa imbaraga zimbaraga zisanzwe, harimo na sodium sulfate, sodium thuosulfate, sodium thuosulfate, sodium thuosulfate, sodinulfate, aluminium sumfate na potasinium aluminium sulfate.
Mubisanzwe, sodium sodium ya anhyrous ikoreshwa cyane, kandi dosage yacyo ni hasi kandi ingaruka zimbaraga zo hambere ni nziza, ariko niba igipimo ari kinini, ariko mugihe kimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kugaruka kwa alkali bizabaho, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere n'ingaruka zo gukanda imitako.
Calcium ikora nanone antifreeze antifreeze. Ifite imbaraga nziza zo hambere, ingaruka nkeya, guhuza neza nibindi bikoresho, kandi imitungo myinshi iruta sulfate abakozi bakomeye, ariko igiciro kiri hejuru.
antifreeze
Niba minisiteri ikoreshwa kubushyuhe bubi, niba nta ngamba za antifize zafashwe, ibyangiritse byubukonje bizabaho kandi imbaraga zumubiri zigoye zizarimburwa. Antifreeze irinde kwangirika kuva muburyo bubiri bwo gukumira gukonjesha no kuzamura imbaraga za minisiteri.
Mubisanzwe byakoreshejwe abakozi barwanya Antifreeze, Calcium Nitrite na sodium Nitrite bafite ingaruka nziza za antifreeze. Kubera ko Calcium nitrite itarimo potasiyumu na sodium ions, irashobora kugabanya ibintu bya alkali mugihe ikoreshwa muri beto, ariko ibikorwa byayo birakennye mugihe bikoreshwa muri minisiteri, mugihe sodium Nitrite afite ubushobozi bwiza. Antifreeze ikoreshwa muguhuza hamwe nimbaraga zubushobozi bwambere na kugabanya amazi kugirango ubone ibisubizo bishimishije. Iyo minisiteri yumye yumye hamwe na antifreeze ikoreshwa ubushyuhe bubi-buke, ubushyuhe bwivanga bugomba kwiyongera bikwiye, nko kuvanga n'amazi ashyushye.
Niba umubare wa antifreeze uri hejuru cyane, bizagabanya imbaraga za minisiteri nyuma, kandi ubuso bwa minisiteri ikomantaje buzagira ibibazo nka lakali, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere n'ingaruka zo kunanirwa hejuru .
Igihe cya nyuma: Jan-16-2023