Gypsum ya Desulfurisiyasi ni gaze ya flue ikorwa no gutwikwa n’ibicanwa birimo sulferi (amakara, peteroli), imyanda ikomeye mu nganda ikorwa mu gihe cyo kweza desulfurizasiya, hamwe na gypsumu ya hemihydrate (formula ya chimique CaSO4 · 0.5H2O), imikorere iragereranywa n’inyubako ya gypsumu yubaka. Kubwibyo, hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi nuburyo bukoreshwa bwo gukoresha gypsumu ya desulfurizasi aho gukoresha gypsumu karemano kugirango itange ibikoresho byo kwipimisha. Ibikoresho bya polymer kama nkibikoresho bigabanya amazi, ibikoresho bigumana amazi na retarder nibintu byingenzi bigize imikorere yibikoresho bya minisiteri. Imikoranire nuburyo byombi hamwe nibikoresho bya sima ni ibibazo bikwiye kwitabwaho kimwe. Bitewe n'ibiranga inzira yo gushingwa, ubwiza bwa gypsumu ya desulfurike ni nto (ingano yingingo ikwirakwizwa cyane hagati ya 40 na 60 mkm), kandi ifu yerekana ifu idafite ishingiro, kubwibyo imiterere ya rheologiya ya gypsumu yanduye ikennye, kandi ibishishwa bya minisiteri byateguwe na byo akenshi byoroshye Gutandukanya, gutondeka no kuva amaraso. Cellulose ether ni yo ikoreshwa cyane muri minisiteri, kandi kuyikoresha hamwe no kugabanya amazi ni garanti yingenzi kugirango tumenye imikorere yuzuye ya gypsumu ishingiye ku bikoresho byifashishwa mu rwego rwo kwiyubaka nko gukora ubwubatsi hanyuma nyuma yubukanishi nigihe kirekire.
Muri iyi nyandiko, agaciro k'amazi gakoreshwa nk'igipimo cyo kugenzura (gukwirakwiza dogere 145 mm ± 5 mm), hibandwa ku ngaruka ziterwa na selulose ether hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline (agaciro ka viscosity) ku gukoresha amazi y’ibikoresho bya gypsumu bishingiye ku kwishyira hejuru, gutakaza amazi mu gihe runaka, hamwe na coagulation Itegeko ry’ingaruka z’imitungo y’ibanze nkigihe n’ibikoresho bya mashini hakiri kare; icyarimwe, gerageza amategeko yingirakamaro ya selile ya ether kuri selile yubushyuhe nigipimo cyo kurekura ubushyuhe bwa gypsumu ya gypsum ya hydulfure, usesengure ingaruka zayo mugikorwa cya hydration ya gypsum desulfurize, hanyuma ubanze uganire kuri ubu bwoko bwimvange Guhuza na sisitemu ya gypsum ya gulfum.
1. Ibikoresho bito nuburyo bwo gupima
1.1 Ibikoresho bibisi
Ifu ya Gypsum: ifu ya gypsumu yanduye ikorwa nisosiyete i Tangshan, imyunyu ngugu nyamukuru ni hemihydrate gypsum, ibigize imiti bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, kandi imiterere yumubiri irerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
ishusho
ishusho
Ibivanze birimo: selile ether (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC muri make); superplasticizer WR; defoamer B-1; EVA isubirwamo ifu ya latex S-05, yose iraboneka mubucuruzi.
Igiteranyo: umusenyi wumugezi karemano, wikoreye umusenyi mwiza unyuze mumashanyarazi ya mm 0,6.
1.2 Uburyo bwo kugerageza
Gypsum ya desulfurizasiyo ihamye: umucanga: amazi = 1: 0.5: 0.45, umubare ukwiye wibindi bivangavanze, gutembera nkigipimo cyo kugenzura (kwaguka 145 mm ± 5 mm), muguhindura imikoreshereze yamazi, bivanze nibikoresho bya sima (desulfurisation gypsum + Cement) 0, 0.5 ‰, 1.0 ‰, 2.0 ‰, 3.0 ‰ selulose ether; ongera ukosore urugero rwa selulose ether kuri 1 ‰, hitamo HPMC-20.000, HPMC-40.000, HPMC-75,000, na HPMC-100.000 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ethers ifite uburemere butandukanye (imibare ihuye ni H2, H4, H7.5, na H10), kugirango wige dosiye nuburemere bwa molekuline (ingaruka za viscosity ether). kwishira hejuru ya minisiteri, hamwe ningaruka zombi kuri fluidite, gushiraho igihe hamwe nubukanishi bwambere bwa gypsum ya gulfs yivanze na minisiteri ivanze. Uburyo bwihariye bwikizamini bukorwa hubahirijwe ibisabwa GB / T 17669.3-1999 “Kugena Imiterere ya Mechanical of Building Gypsum”.
Ubushyuhe bwikizamini cya hydration bukorwa hifashishijwe urugero rwuzuye rwa gypsumu ya desulfurize hamwe nicyitegererezo hamwe na selile ya ether ya selile 0.5 ‰ na 3 ‰, kandi igikoresho cyakoreshejwe ni ubushyuhe bwa TA-AIR bwubushyuhe bwo gupima.
2. Ibisubizo nisesengura
2.1 Ingaruka za selile ya ether yibintu byibanze bya minisiteri
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, gukora no guhuriza hamwe bya minisiteri byateye imbere cyane, gutakaza amazi mugihe byagabanutse cyane, kandi ibikorwa byubwubatsi nibyiza cyane, kandi minisiteri ikomye nta kintu na kimwe cyo gusebanya, kandi ubwiza bwubuso, ubworoherane hamwe nuburanga byateye imbere cyane. Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha amazi ya minisiteri kugira ngo bigere ku mazi amwe byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. Kuri 5 ‰, amazi yakoreshejwe yiyongereyeho 102%, kandi igihe cyanyuma cyo gushiraho cyongerewe iminota 100, cyikubye inshuro 2,5 icyitegererezo cyuzuye. Imiterere ya mashini yambere ya minisiteri yagabanutse cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether. Iyo ibikubiye muri selulose ether byari 5 ‰, imbaraga za 24 h imbaraga nimbaraga zo kwikuramo byagabanutse kugera kuri 18.75% na 11.29% byicyitegererezo cyuzuye. Imbaraga zo guhonyora ni 39.47% na 23.45% byurugero rwuzuye. Twabibutsa ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwingingo zibika amazi, ubwinshi bwa minisiteri nabwo bwaragabanutse cyane, kuva 2069 kg / m3 kuri 0 kugeza 1747 kg / m3 kuri 5 ‰, kugabanuka kwa 15.56%. Ubucucike bwa minisiteri buragabanuka kandi ubukana bwiyongera, iyi ikaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zituma igabanuka rigaragara ryimiterere yimashini ya minisiteri.
Cellulose ether ni polymer itari ionic. Amatsinda ya hydroxyl kumurongo wa selile ya selile na atome ya ogisijeni kumurongo wa ether irashobora guhuza na molekile zamazi kugirango zibe imigozi ya hydrogène, ihindura amazi yubusa mumazi aboshye, bityo igire uruhare mukubungabunga amazi. Macroscopically Yigaragaza nkukwiyongera kwubusabane bwibisebe [5]. Kwiyongera kwijimye ryinshi ntabwo bizongera ikoreshwa ryamazi gusa, ahubwo na ether ya selile yamenetse izashyirwa kumurongo hejuru ya gypsumu, bikabangamira reaction kandi bikongerera igihe cyagenwe; mugihe cyo gukangura, umubare munini wimyuka myinshi nayo izatangizwa. Ubusa buzakora nkuko minisiteri ikomera, amaherezo igabanya imbaraga za minisiteri. Urebye neza ikoreshwa ryamazi atabogamye yimvange ya minisiteri, imikorere yubwubatsi, kugena igihe nubukanishi, hamwe nigihe kirekire, nibindi, nibindi, ibikubiye muri selulose ether muri gulfsum ya gypsumu ishingiye kuri minisiteri ntigomba kurenza 1 ‰.
2.2 Ingaruka yuburemere bwa molekuline ya selile ether kumikorere ya minisiteri
Mubisanzwe, hejuru yubukonje nubwiza bwa selulose ether, niko gufata amazi neza no kongera imbaraga zo guhuza. imikorere izagira ingaruka mbi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingaruka za selile ya selile yuburemere butandukanye bwa molekuline kumiterere yibanze ya gypsumu ishingiye ku kwipimisha ibikoresho bya minisiteri. Amazi akenerwa na minisiteri yiyongereye ku rugero runaka, ariko nta ngaruka zigaragara zagize ku gihe cyagenwe n’amazi. Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga za flexural na compressive imbaraga za minisiteri muri leta zitandukanye zerekanaga ko zigenda zigabanuka, ariko kugabanuka kwabaye kure cyane yingaruka ziterwa na selile ya ether kuri mikoranike. Muri make, kwiyongera k'uburemere bwa molekuline ya selile ether nta ngaruka zigaragara ku mikorere y'imvange ya minisiteri. Urebye ibyoroshye byubwubatsi, ubukonje buke hamwe na selile-ya-selile-selile-ether igomba gutoranywa nkibikoresho bya gypsumu ishingiye ku bikoresho byo kwipimisha.
2.3 Ingaruka ya selulose ether ku bushyuhe bwa hydration ya gypsum ya desulfurize
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ya selile, impinga ya exothermic ya hydrata ya gypsumu ya desulfurizasi yagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kandi umwanya wikibanza watinzeho gato, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa exothermic ya hydration bwagabanutse, ariko ntibigaragara. Ibi byerekana ko ether ya selile ishobora gutinza igipimo cya hydration hamwe na hydrata ya gypsumu ya desulfurize ku rugero runaka, bityo dosiye ntigomba kuba nini cyane, kandi igomba kugenzurwa muri 1 ‰. Birashobora kugaragara ko firime ya colloidal yakozwe nyuma ya selile ya ether ihuye namazi yamamajwe hejuru yubutaka bwa gypsumu ya gulfum, bigabanya umuvuduko wa gypsumu mbere ya 2 h. Muri icyo gihe, gufata amazi yihariye hamwe ningaruka zibyibushye bidindiza ihinduka ryamazi yamazi kandi Gukwirakwiza ni ingirakamaro mugukomeza kwiyobora gypsumu yanduye mugihe cyanyuma. Mu ncamake, iyo dosiye ikwiye igenzuwe, selulose ether igira ingaruka nke kubipimo bya hydration hamwe na hydration ya gypsumu ubwayo. Muri icyo gihe, kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile bizongera cyane ubwiza bwikibabi kandi byerekana imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi. Kugirango hamenyekane neza amazi ya gypsumu yisukuye yisukuye, ikoreshwa ry’amazi riziyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba biterwa nigihe kinini cyo gushiraho minisiteri. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugabanuka kumiterere yubukanishi.
3. Umwanzuro
. ugereranije nibirimo, uburemere bwa molekuline ya selile ether Ubwiyongere bugira ingaruka nke kumiterere yavuzwe haruguru ya minisiteri. Urebye muri rusange, ether ya selile igomba gutoranywa ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile (agaciro ka viscosity kari munsi ya 20 000 Pa · s), kandi dosiye igomba kugenzurwa muri 1 ‰ yibikoresho bya sima.
. Ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa ry'amazi no kugabanuka k'ubucucike bwinshi nimpamvu nyamukuru zituma igabanuka ryimiterere yubukanishi bwa gypsumu ishingiye kuri gypsumu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2023