Amashanyarazi avanze yumye nuruvange rwibikoresho bya sima (sima, isazi yisazi, ifu ya slag, nibindi), igiteranyo cyiza cyiza cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru (umucanga wa quartz, corundum, nibindi, kandi rimwe na rimwe bisaba igiteranyo cyoroheje, nka ceramsite, polystirene yagutse, nibindi ) ifu yumye.
Ukurikije ibyasabwe, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi, nka pompe yumye yumye yububiko, ifu yumye yumye yo guhomesha, ifu yumye yumutaka kubutaka, ifu yumye yumye yo kwirinda amazi, kubika ubushyuhe nibindi bikorwa. Mu ncamake, minisiteri ivanze yumye irashobora kugabanywamo minisiteri isanzwe ivanze (masonry, plaster hamwe nubutaka bwumye buvanze) na minisiteri idasanzwe ivanze. Imashini idasanzwe ivanze yumye ikubiyemo: kwipima hasi hasi, ibikoresho birinda kwambara, hasi idashobora gutwikwa, igorofa idashobora gutwikwa, imashini itagira amazi, minisiteri itagira amazi, minisiteri yangiza, ibikoresho byo gukingira hejuru, ibikoresho byo guhomesha amabara, nibindi.
Byinshi rero byumye-bivanze na minisiteri bisaba kuvanga ubwoko butandukanye hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe umubare munini wibizamini. Ugereranije n’imvange gakondo ya beto, ivangwa ryumye-ivanze na minisiteri irashobora gukoreshwa gusa muburyo bwifu, naho icya kabiri, bigashonga mumazi akonje, cyangwa bigashonga buhoro buhoro bitewe nigikorwa cya alkali kugirango bigire ingaruka zikwiye.
1. Thickener, agent igumana amazi na stabilisateur
Cellulose ether methyl selulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC)nahydroxyethyl methyl selulose (HEMC)byose bikozwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bya polymer (nka pamba, nibindi) Ether idafite ionic selulose ether ikorwa no kuvura imiti. Barangwa no gukonjesha amazi akonje, kubika amazi, kubyimba, guhuriza hamwe, gukora firime, amavuta, kutagira ionic na pH ituje. Amazi akonje yo gukonjesha ubwoko bwibicuruzwa aratera imbere cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi bwongerewe imbaraga, imitungo yibyibushye iragaragara, diameter yumubyimba mwinshi watangijwe ni ntoya, kandi ingaruka zo kuzamura imbaraga zihuza za minisiteri ni yazamutse cyane.
Cellulose ether ntabwo ifite ubwoko butandukanye gusa, ahubwo ifite nubunini buringaniye bwuburemere bwa molekuline hamwe nubwiza bwa 5mPa. s kugeza 200.000 mPa. s, ingaruka ku mikorere ya minisiteri mu cyiciro gishya na nyuma yo gukomera nayo iratandukanye. Umubare munini wibizamini ugomba gukorwa muguhitamo guhitamo kwihariye. Hitamo ubwoko bwa selile hamwe nubwiza bukwiye hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline, urugero ruto, kandi nta mutungo winjiza umwuka. Gusa murubu buryo burashobora kuboneka ako kanya. Ibikorwa byiza bya tekiniki, ariko kandi bifite ubukungu bwiza.
2. Ifu ya redxersible latex
Igikorwa nyamukuru cyibibyimbye ni ugutezimbere amazi no gutuza kwa minisiteri. Nubwo ishobora kubuza minisiteri guturika (kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi) ku rugero runaka, muri rusange ntabwo ikoreshwa nkuburyo bwo kunoza ubukana, guhangana n’amazi no kurwanya amazi ya minisiteri. Imyitozo yo kongeramo polymers kugirango itezimbere ubudahangarwa, ubukana, guhangana n’ingaruka no kurwanya ingaruka za minisiteri na beto byamenyekanye. Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa na polymer kugirango bihindurwe na sima ya beto na sima birimo: neoprene rubber emulsion, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine igice cya reberi, acetate polyvinyl, nibindi. Ingaruka zo guhindura za polymers zitandukanye zakozweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ariko kandi nuburyo bwo guhindura, uburyo bwimikoranire hagati ya polymers na sima, na sima. ibicuruzwa bya hydration nabyo byizwe mubyigisho. Isesengura ryimbitse nubushakashatsi, numubare munini wubushakashatsi bwa siyansi byagaragaye.
Imisemburo ya polymer irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora minisiteri ivanze, ariko biragaragara ko bidashoboka kuyikoresha muburyo bwo gukora ifu yumye yumye, bityo havuka ifu ya latx idasubirwaho. Kugeza ubu, ifu ya redispersible latex ikoreshwa mu ifu yumye yumye irimo cyane cyane: ① vinyl acetate-Ethylene copolymer (VAC / E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-karubone copolymer (VAC / VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), nibindi. Muri byo, vinyl acetate-Ethylene copolymer ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha.
Imyitozo yerekanye ko imikorere yifu ya redxersible powder itajegajega, kandi ifite ingaruka ntagereranywa mugutezimbere imbaraga zihuza za minisiteri, kunoza ubukana bwayo, deformasiyo, kurwanya imivurungano no kudacika intege, nibindi. , Ethylene, vinyl laurate, nibindi birashobora kandi kugabanya cyane kwinjiza amazi ya minisiteri (kubera hydrophobique yayo), bigatuma minisiteri ikirere-cyinjira kandi kidashobora kwinjizwa, kuzamura I Irwanya ikirere kandi yazamuye igihe kirekire.
Ugereranije no kunoza imbaraga zoroshye no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri no kugabanya ubukana bwayo, ingaruka yifu ya redxersible powderx yo kunoza uburyo bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri no kongera ubumwe bwayo ni buke. Kubera ko hiyongereyeho ifu ya latx isubirwamo ishobora gutatana kandi igatera umwuka mwinshi winjira mu mvange ya minisiteri, ingaruka zayo zo kugabanya amazi ziragaragara cyane. Birumvikana ko, kubera imiterere mibi yimyuka yatangijwe, ingaruka zo kugabanya amazi ntabwo zongereye imbaraga. Ibinyuranye, imbaraga za minisiteri zizagenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwa porojeri ya latx. Kubwibyo, mugutezimbere za minisiteri zimwe na zimwe zigomba gutekereza ku mbaraga zo guhonyora no guhindagurika, akenshi birakenerwa kongeramo defoamer icyarimwe kugirango tugabanye ingaruka mbi zifu ya latx ku mbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga nimbaraga za minisiteri. .
3. Defoamer
Bitewe no kongeramo selile, ibinyamisogwe ether hamwe nibikoresho bya polymer, nta gushidikanya ko umutungo winjira mu kirere wa minisiteri wiyongereye, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zo guhonyora, imbaraga zoroshye no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ku ruhande rumwe, kandi bikagabanya modulus ya elastique; kurundi ruhande, Ifite kandi uruhare runini ku isura ya minisiteri, kandi birakenewe cyane kurandura ibibyimba byo mu kirere byinjijwe muri minisiteri. Kugeza ubu, ifu yumye itumizwa mu mahanga ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu Bushinwa kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ariko hagomba kumenyekana ko kubera ubukonje bwinshi bwa minisiteri y’ibicuruzwa, kurandura ibibyimba byo mu kirere ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye.
4. Umukozi urwanya kugabanuka
Iyo ushyizeho amabati yubutaka, imbaho za polystirene zuzuye ifuro, hanyuma ugashyiraho ifu ya reberi ya polystirene yangiza, ikibazo gikomeye cyugarije ni ukugwa. Imyitozo yerekanye ko kongeramo etarike, sodium bentonite, metakaolin na montmorillonite nigikorwa cyiza cyo gukemura ikibazo cya minisiteri yaguye nyuma yubwubatsi. Igisubizo nyamukuru cyikibazo cyo kugabanuka ni ukongera impagarara zambere za minisiteri, ni ukuvuga kongera thixotropy. Mubikorwa bifatika, ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo imiti myiza irwanya kugabanuka, kuko ikeneye gukemura isano iri hagati ya thixotropy, gukora, ubukonje nibisabwa amazi.
5. Thickener
Amabati ya pompa, tile grout, marimari yamabara ashushanya hamwe na minisiteri ivanze yumye ikoreshwa kurukuta rwinyuma rwa sisitemu yo kubika insina ntoya ni ntangarugero kubikorwa bidafite amazi cyangwa birwanya amazi, bisaba ko hongerwamo imiti yangiza amazi, ariko igomba gira ibimenyetso bikurikira: ① gukora hydrophobique ya minisiteri muri rusange, kandi ukomeze ingaruka ndende; ② nta ngaruka mbi zigira ku guhuza imbaraga z'ubuso; ③ bimwe mu byangiza amazi bikunze gukoreshwa ku isoko, nka calcium stearate, biragoye Kubyihuta kandi bingana kuvangwa na sima ya sima, ntabwo ari hydrophobique ikwiye ya minisiteri ivanze yumye, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo guhomesha byubaka imashini.
Ifu ya silane ishingiye kumashanyarazi yangiza amazi vuba aha, ikaba ari igicuruzwa cyifu ya silane kiboneka muguterwa no kumisha silane-yometse kumazi-soluble colloids hamwe na anti-cake. Iyo minisiteri ivanze n'amazi, igikonoshwa kirinda icyuma cyangiza amazi gishonga vuba mumazi, hanyuma ikarekura silane ikingiwe kugirango isubire mumazi avanze. Mubidukikije bya alkaline cyane nyuma ya hydrata ya sima, amatsinda ya hydrophilique organique ikora muri silane ya hydrolyz kugirango agire amatsinda ya silanol ikora cyane, kandi amatsinda ya silanol akomeje kwitwara kuburyo budasubirwaho hamwe na hydroxyl mumashanyarazi ya sima kugirango bahuze imiti, kugirango silane ihujwe hamwe no guhuza-ihuza neza neza hejuru yurukuta rwa pore ya sima. Nkuko hydrophobique organic organique ikora ireba hanze yurukuta rwa pore, ubuso bwa pore bugira hydrophobicity, bityo bikazana ingaruka za hydrophobique muri minisiteri.
6. Ubiquitin inhibitor
Erythrothenic alkali izagira ingaruka kumyiza yubutaka bwa sima ishingiye kumitako, nikibazo gikunze gukemurwa. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, inyongeramusaruro irwanya anti-pantherine yakozwe vuba aha, ikaba ari ifu idasubirwaho kandi ikora neza. Iki gicuruzwa kirakwiriye cyane cyane gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutabara, gushira, gutekesha cyangwa kurangiza minisiteri kandi bifite aho bihurira nibindi byongeweho.
7. Fibre
Ongeramo urugero rukwiye rwa fibre muri minisiteri irashobora kongera imbaraga zingutu, kongera ubukana, no kunoza guhangana. Kugeza ubu, fibre synthique fibre na fibre yibiti bikoreshwa mubisanzwe byumye bivanze. Imiti ya sintetike ya chimique, nka polypropilene staple fibre, fibre polypropilene staple fibre, nibindi. Nyuma yo guhindura isura, izo fibre ntizifite gusa gukwirakwiza neza, ahubwo zifite nibirimo bike, zishobora kunoza neza kurwanya plastike no kumena imikorere ya minisiteri. Ibikoresho bya mashini ntabwo bigira ingaruka zikomeye. Diameter ya fibre yibiti ni nto, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho kongera amazi akenerwa na minisiteri mugihe wongeyeho ibiti.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-26-2024