Ingaruka yibyibushye ya selile

Etherni itsinda rya polymers zitandukanye zikoreshwa cyane munganda zitandukanye kubwimiterere yabyo. Guhera ku kumenyekanisha ethers ya selile n'imiterere yabyo, iyi mpapuro yinjiye muburyo bukurikira ingaruka zabyo, isobanura uburyo imikoranire na molekile y'amazi itera kwiyongera kwijimye. Haganiriwe ku bwoko butandukanye bwa selile ya selile, harimo methyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, hydroxypropyl selulose, na carboxymethyl selulose, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye yo kubyimba. ikoreshwa rya ether ya selile mu nganda nk'ubwubatsi, imiti, ibiryo, amavuta yo kwisiga, no kwita ku muntu ku giti cye, byerekana uruhare rwabo mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa no gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Hanyuma, akamaro ka ethers ya selile mubikorwa byinganda bigezweho birashimangirwa, hamwe nigihe kizaza hamwe niterambere ryiterambere muri tekinoroji ya selile.

Ether ya selile igereranya icyiciro cya polymers ikomoka kuri selile, biopolymer iboneka hose iboneka cyane murukuta rwibimera. Hamwe nimiterere yihariye ya fiziki-chimique, ethers ya selile ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye, cyane cyane kubyibushye. Ubushobozi bwa selile ya selile yongerera ubwiza no kunoza imiterere ya rheologiya bituma iba ingenzi mubikorwa byinshi uhereye kubikoresho byubwubatsi kugeza kumiti ya farumasi.

1.Imiterere yuburyo bwa Cellulose Ethers

Mbere yo gucengera mubyibushye bya selile ethers, ni ngombwa kumva imiterere yabyo. Ether ya selile ikoreshwa muguhindura imiti ya selile, cyane cyane irimo reaction ya etherification. Amatsinda ya hydroxyl (-OH) aboneka mumugongo wa selile yisubiramo asimburwa nitsinda rya ether (-OR), aho R ihagarariye insimburangingo zitandukanye. Uku gusimbuza kuganisha ku guhindura imiterere ya molekulire n'imiterere ya selile, itanga ibimenyetso bitandukanye kuri selile ya selile.

Ihinduka ryimiterere muri selile ya selile igira ingaruka kubibazo byabo, imyitwarire ya rheologiya, hamwe nimiterere yibyibushye. Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS), rwerekana umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl yasimbuwe kuri anhydroglucose, igira uruhare runini mukumenya imiterere ya selile ya selile. DS yo hejuru muri rusange ifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwikemurwa no gukora neza.

2.Uburyo bwo Ingaruka Zibyibushye

Ingaruka yibyerekanwe na selile ya selile ituruka ku mikoranire yabo na molekile y'amazi. Iyo ikwirakwijwe mu mazi, ethers ya selile ikora hydrata, aho molekile zamazi zikora hydrogène hamwe na atome ya ogisijeni ya ether hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl muminyururu ya polymer. Iyi hydrasiyo iganisha ku kubyimba kwa selile ether selile no gushiraho imiyoboro itatu-miterere y'urusobe mumazi yo mumazi.

Kwizirika kuri selile ya selile ya hydratif ether no gushiraho imigozi ya hydrogène hagati ya molekile ya polymer bigira uruhare mukwiyongera kwijimye. Byongeye kandi, kwanga electrostatike hagati yitsinda rya ether ryashizwemo nabi bifasha mukubyimba birinda gupakira hafi iminyururu ya polymer no guteza imbere gutatanya mumashanyarazi.

Imyitwarire ya rheologiya ya selile ether ibisubizo biterwa nibintu nko kwibanda kuri polymer, urugero rwo gusimbuza, uburemere bwa molekile, nubushyuhe. Mugihe cyo hasi cyane, selile ether ibisubizo byerekana imyitwarire ya Newtonian, mugihe mugihe cyo hejuru cyane, bagaragaza imyitwarire ya pseudoplastique cyangwa yogosha imisatsi bitewe nihungabana ryimikorere ya polymer mukibazo cya shear.

3.Ubwoko bwa Ethers ya Cellulose
Ether ya selile ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bikomokaho, buri kimwe gitanga ibintu byihariye byo kubyimba bikwiranye na progaramu zitandukanye. Bimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri selile ya ether harimo:

Methyl Cellulose (MC): Methyl selulose iboneka hamwe na etherification ya selile hamwe nitsinda rya methyl. Irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje kandi ikora ibisubizo bibonerana, bigaragara neza. MC yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kubika amazi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye mubikoresho byubwubatsi, ibifuniko, nibiribwa.

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC): Hydroxyethyl selulose ni synthesi

zed mugutangiza amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl kumugongo wa selile. Irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje kandi ashyushye kandi yerekana imyitwarire ya pseudoplastique. HEC ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya farumasi, ibicuruzwa byita kumuntu, kandi nkibibyimbye mumarangi ya latex.

Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC): Hydroxypropyl selulose itegurwa na etherification ya selile hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxypropyl. Irashobora gushonga muburyo butandukanye bwumuti, harimo amazi, inzoga, hamwe nimboga. HPC isanzwe ikoreshwa nkumubyimba, guhuza, no gukora firime muri farumasi, kwisiga, no gutwikira.

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC): Carboxymethyl selulose ikorwa na carboxymethylation ya selile hamwe na acide chloroacetic cyangwa umunyu wa sodium. Irashobora gushonga cyane mumazi kandi ikora ibisubizo biboneka hamwe nimyitwarire myiza ya pseudoplastique. CMC isanga porogaramu nyinshi mubiribwa, imiti, imyenda, no gukora impapuro.

Ethers ya selile yerekana imiterere itandukanye yo kubyimba, ibiranga solubile, no guhuza nibindi bikoresho, bigatuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye mubikorwa byinganda.

4.Ibisabwa bya Cellulose Ethers
Ubwinshi bwimiterere yibintu bya selulose ethers itanga ingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya selulose ethers harimo:

Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi: Ethers ya selile ikoreshwa cyane nk'inyongeramusaruro mu bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima nka minisiteri, grout, na plaster kugirango bitezimbere imikorere, gufata amazi, no gufatira hamwe. Bakora nkibihindura imvugo, birinda amacakubiri no kuzamura imikorere yibikorwa byubwubatsi.

Imiti ya farumasi: Ethers ya selulose isanga porogaramu nini mubikorwa bya farumasi nka binders, disintegrants, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse mubinini, capsules, guhagarikwa, hamwe nibisubizo byamaso. Batezimbere imitunganyirize yifu, koroshya ibinini bya tablet, no kugenzura irekurwa ryibintu bikora.

Ibicuruzwa byibiribwa: Ethers ya selile ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubyimba, gutuza, no gutondeka ibintu byinshi mubiribwa, harimo isosi, imyambarire, ibiryo, nibikomoka ku mata. Zitezimbere ubwiza, ubwiza, hamwe numunwa mugihe zitezimbere umutekano muke no kwirinda syneresis.

Amavuta yo kwisiga no kwita ku muntu ku giti cye: Ether ya selile ikoreshwa mu kwisiga no kwisiga ku giti cyawe nka cream, amavuta yo kwisiga, shampo, hamwe nu menyo wamenyo nkibibyimbye, emulisiferi, hamwe nogukora firime. Batanga imvugo yifuzwa, yongerera ibicuruzwa ibicuruzwa, kandi itanga uburyo bwiza, bwiza.

Irangi hamwe n'ibifuniko:Etherikora nk'ibihindura imvugo mu gusiga amarangi, gutwikira, no gufatira hamwe, kunoza igenzura ryijimye, kurwanya sag, no gukora firime. Bagira uruhare mu gutuza kwimikorere, kubuza pigment gutuza, no kuzamura imiterere yimikorere.

Ingaruka yibyibushye ya selile ya selile igira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda no gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Imiterere yihariye ya rheologiya, guhuza nibindi bikoresho, hamwe na biodegradability bituma bahitamo guhitamo kubakora mubice bitandukanye. Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gushyira imbere uburyo burambye hamwe n’ibisubizo byangiza ibidukikije, biteganijwe ko eferi ya selile yiyongera cyane.