Abashiraho selile ni ibyiciro bishimishije by'ibigo bikomoka kuri selile, kimwe mu busitani bwinshi ku isi. Ibi bikoresho byungutse Shakisha ibyifuzo mubijyanye n'inganda zinyura mu nganda zinyuranye, harimo imiti, ibiryo, kwisiga, kubaka, hamwe n'imyenda, bitewe n'imitungo yabo idasanzwe.
1. Imiterere n'imitungo ya selile:
Cellulose ni PolySacharide igizwe n'iminyururu ndende yo guhuza imiti ya glucose ihujwe hamwe na β (1 → 4) injyana ya glycosic. Ibice bisubiramo Glucose bitanga selile hamwe numurongo nurwego rukomeye. Iyi gahunda yubaka bivamo guhuza hydrogène ikomeye hagati yiminyururu yegeranye, itanga umusanzu mubintu byiza bya kaliki bya selile.
Amatsinda ya Hydroxyl (-Oh) ahari muri pasiporo ya selile ayigira hydrophilic, abikemerera gukurura no kugumana amazi menshi. Ariko, selile yagaragazaga cyane kwikebagura nabi muburyo bwiza bwimikorere bitewe na hydrogène ikomeye ya hydrogen yo guhuza imiyoboro.
2. IRIBURIRO RWO ABATANGA BA TELENO:
Abashiraho selile ni bo bakomoka kuri selile aho zimwe mu matsinda ya hydroxyle yasimbuwe n'amatsinda ya Ether (-or), aho r ahagarariye abasimbuye bamagana. Izi mpinduka zahinduye imiterere ya selile, zikaba zikennye cyane mumazi na kama mugihe gigumana bimwe mubiranga bimwe na bimwe biranga, nka biodedadity cyangwa uburozi.
3. Synthesis ya elegiteri ya selile:
Synthesis ya eliturali ubusanzwe ikubiyemo guhuza amatsinda ya hydroxyle ya selile hamwe nibihe bitandukanye bigenzurwa. Reagents Rusange ikoreshwa mugushira harimo Alkyl Halides, oxide ya alkyle, na alkyl Halides. Imiterere yimyitwarire nkubushyuhe, umukemura, kandi umusemburo ukina uruhare rukomeye muguhitamo urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) na kaburimbo ya selile yavuyemo ether.
4. Ubwoko bwa selire ya selile:
Abashiraho selile barashobora gushyirwa mu rwego rushingiye ku bwoko bw'abasimbuye amatsinda ya hydroxyl. Bimwe muribi bikunze gukoreshwa na selile birimo:
Methyl selile (mc)
HydroxyPropyl Cellulose (HPC)
Hydroxyyeryl selile (hec)
Etyl HydroxyAythyl Cellulose (Ehec)
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Buri bwoko bwa selile ether erekana imitungo idasanzwe kandi ibereye ibyifuzo byihariye bitewe nububiko bwa shimi nurwego rwo gusimbuza.
5. Imitungo no gusaba abahanga muri selile:
Abahanga muri Celeturali batanga ibintu byinshi bifite akamaro bituma bitagira uruhare mu nganda zinyuranye:
Kwiyongera no gutuza: Abatanga selile bakoreshwa cyane nkabaribariza kandi bateranya imiti mu biryo, imiti, n'ibicuruzwa byita ku giti cyabo. Batezimbere viscosity hamwe nibintu byibisubizo byibisubizo no kumarana, kuzamura ibicuruzwa bihamye hamwe.
Gushiraho filime: Abakoresha selile barashobora gukora firime zoroshye kandi ziboneye iyo zitatatanye mumazi cyangwa impleven. Izi firime zishakisha ibyifuzo mubikoti, gupakira, na sisitemu yo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge.
Kugumana amazi: Imiterere ya hydrophilic ya selile abakora babuzuza no kugumana amazi, bigatuma babahangira ibikoresho byubwubatsi nkangwa na minisiteri, hamwe nibicuruzwa bya Gysamu. Batezimbere ibikorwa, kuromera, no kuramba byibi bikoresho.
Gutanga ibiyobyabwenge: Abakoresha selile bakoreshwa mubutaka nkabatsinze kugenzura irekurwa ryibiyobyabwenge, ngwino ibintu bidasanzwe, na mask uburyohe cyangwa impumuro nziza. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubinini, capsules, amavuta, no guhagarikwa.
Guhindura hejuru: Abakoresha selile barashobora kwahinduwe imiti kugirango bamenyekanishe imishinga itangiza imitungo yihariye nkibikorwa byo kurwanya, Flame Redaring, cyangwa BiocompaTubitekerezo. Aba bahanga muri seliki bahinduwe na seliki basanga ibyifuzo mubice byihariye, imyenda, nibikoresho bitangaje.
6. Ingaruka y'ibidukikije n'imbaho:
Abashiraho selile bakomoka kubutunzi dushobora kongerwa nkinjangwe, ipamba, cyangwa izindi fibre ziterwa, bigatuma biramba. Byongeye kandi, ni Biodegradagemekwa kandi idafite uburozi, bemeza ingaruka nke zishingiye ku bidukikije ugereranije na synthique polymeti. Ariko, synthesis ya bahanganye na selile irashobora kuba irimo reaction yimiti isaba ubuyobozi bwitondewe kugabanya imyanda no gukoresha ingufu.
7. Imyumvire y'ibizaza:
Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cya eliturali giteganijwe gukomeza gukura kubera imitungo yabo itandukanye hamwe na kamere yangiza ibidukikije. Imbaraga zubushakashatsi zikomeje kwibanda ku guteza imbere indangantego ya selile ya selile Byongeye kandi, guhuza abahanga muri selile mu ikoranabuhanga rigaragara nko gucapa 3d, nanocomete, n'ibikoresho bitangaje bitanga amasezerano yo kwagura akamaro kabo no kugera ku isoko.
Abahanga ba selile bahagarariye icyiciro cyingenzi cyimigabane hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye bimara intera nyinshi. Ihuriro ryabo ridasanzwe ryimitungo, biodegrafiya, nogumba bituma babigize uruhare mubicuruzwa byinshi nibikorwa. Gukomeza guhanga udushya muri selile cimentie nikoranabuhanga ryiteguye gutwara imbere no gufungura amahirwe mashya mumyaka iri imbere.
Igihe cyagenwe: APR-18-2024