Nubuhe buryo bwo gushonga selile ya selile?

Gusenya ethers ya selile irashobora kuba intambwe yingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye nka farumasi, ibiryo, imyenda, nubwubatsi.Etherzikoreshwa cyane bitewe nimiterere yazo nko kubyimba, guhuza, gukora firime, no gutuza. Ariko, kudashobora gukemuka kwinshi mubisanzwe birashobora gutera ibibazo. Uburyo butandukanye bwateguwe kugirango biveho selile ya selile neza.

Umuti ukomoka ku buhinzi:

Inzoga: Inzoga nkeya ya alcool nka Ethanol, methanol, na isopropanol irashobora gushonga ethers ya selile ku rugero runaka. Ariko, ntibishobora kuba bibereye ubwoko bwose bwa selile ya selile kandi birashobora gusaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Imvange ya Ether-Inzoga: Uruvange rwa diethyl ether na Ethanol cyangwa methanol akenshi bikoreshwa mugushonga selile ya selile. Ibi bisubizo bitanga ibisubizo byiza kandi bikoreshwa mubisanzwe muri laboratoire.
Ketone: Ketone zimwe nka acetone na methyl etyl ketone (MEK) zirashobora gushonga ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa selile. Acetone, byumwihariko, ikoreshwa cyane kubera igiciro cyayo gito kandi ikora neza.
Esters: Esters nka Ethyl acetate na butyl acetate irashobora gushonga ethers ya selile neza. Ariko, barashobora gusaba gushyuha kugirango bagere ku iseswa ryuzuye.

Ibisubizo by'amazi:

Umuti wa alkaline: Ethers ya selile irashobora gushonga mubisubizo bya alkaline nka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) cyangwa hydroxide ya potasiyumu (KOH). Ibi bisubizo hydrolyze ethers ya selile kugirango ikore umunyu wa alkali wumunyu, ushonga.
Ammonia Solutions: Ammonia (NH3) ibisubizo birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugushonga ether ya selile ikora umunyu wa amonium wa ether.
Hydroxyalkyl Urea Ibisubizo: Hydroxyalkyl urea ibisubizo, nka hydroxyethyl urea cyangwa hydroxypropyl urea, irashobora gushonga ethers ya selile neza cyane cyane abafite impamyabumenyi yo hasi yo gusimburwa.

Amazi ya Ionic:

Amazi ya Ionic ni umunyu ngengabuzima utemba ugereranije n'ubushyuhe buke, akenshi munsi ya 100 ° C. Amazi amwe n'amwe ya ionic yasanze ashonga selile ya selile neza bidakenewe ibihe bibi. Zitanga ibyiza nko guhindagurika guke, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo hejuru, hamwe no kongera gukoreshwa.

Sisitemu ivanze ya Solvent:

Guhuza ibishishwa bitandukanye birashobora rimwe na rimwe kongera imbaraga za solulose ethers. Kurugero, imvange yamazi hamwe na co-solvent nka dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cyangwa N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) irashobora kunoza imitekerereze.
Igitekerezo cya Hansen Solubility Parameter gikunze gukoreshwa mugushushanya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga ibishishwa kugirango bivemo selile ya selile harebwa ibipimo byo gukemuka kumashanyarazi kugiti cye n'imikoranire yabyo.

Uburyo bw'umubiri:

Gukata imashini: Kuvanga-shear nyinshi cyangwa sonic birashobora gufasha mukwirakwiza ether ya selile mumashanyarazi no kunoza kinetic.
Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora kongera imbaraga zo gukomera kwa ether ya selile mumashanyarazi amwe, ariko hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa polymer.

Guhindura imiti:

Rimwe na rimwe, guhindura imiti ya selile ya selile irashobora kunoza imiterere yabyo. Kurugero, kumenyekanisha amatsinda ya hydrophobique cyangwa kongera urwego rwo gusimbuza birashobora gutuma ethers ya selile irushaho gukomera mumashanyarazi.

Ibisubizo bya Micellar:

Surfactants irashobora gukora micelles mugisubizo, gishobora gushongaselile ethers. Muguhindura imitekerereze ya surfactant hamwe nibisubizo, birashoboka gushonga ethers ya selile neza.
Mu gusoza, guhitamo uburyo bwo gusesa ethers ya selile biterwa nibintu nkubwoko bwa selile ya ether, kwifata kwifuzwa, gutekereza kubidukikije, no kubishyira mubikorwa. Buri buryo bufite ibyiza byabwo kandi bugarukira, kandi abashakashatsi bakomeje gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo kunoza iseswa rya selile ya selile mumashanyarazi atandukanye.