Cellulose ni polysaccharide igoye igizwe na glucose nyinshi ihujwe na β-1,4-glycosidic. Nibintu nyamukuru bigize urukuta rwibimera kandi rutanga urukuta rwibimera rukomeye kandi rukomeye. Bitewe numurongo muremure wa selile ya molekuline hamwe na kristu ndende, ifite ituze rikomeye kandi idashobora gukomera.
(1) Ibyiza bya selile hamwe ningorane zo gushonga
Cellulose ifite imitungo ikurikira ituma bigora gushonga:
Ikirangantego kinini: Iminyururu ya selile ya selile ikora urwego rufunitse rukoresheje imigozi ya hydrogen hamwe nimbaraga za van der Waals.
Urwego rwo hejuru rwa polymerisiyasi: Urwego rwa polymerisiyonike (ni ukuvuga uburebure bwurunigi rwa molekile) ya selile ni ndende, mubisanzwe kuva kuri glucose kugeza ku bihumbi ibihumbi, ibyo bikaba byongera ituze rya molekile.
Umuyoboro wa hydrogène: Umuyoboro wa hydrogène urahari cyane hagati yiminyururu ya selile ya selile, bigatuma bigorana kurimburwa no gushonga numuti rusange.
(2) Reagents zishonga selile
Kugeza ubu, reagent izwi ishobora gushonga neza selile harimo ibyiciro bikurikira:
1. Amazi ya Ionic
Amazi ya Ionic ni amavuta agizwe na cations organique hamwe na anion organic cyangwa anorganic, mubisanzwe bifite ihindagurika rike, ituze ryinshi ryumuriro kandi rihinduka cyane. Amazi amwe amwe arashobora gushonga selile, kandi uburyo nyamukuru nugusenya imigozi ya hydrogen hagati yiminyururu ya selile. Amazi asanzwe ya ionic ashonga selile arimo:
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] Cl): Aya mazi ya ionic ashonga selulose muguhuza imigozi ya hydrogène muri selile binyuze mumyemerere ya hydrogen.
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] [Ac]): Aya mazi ya ionic arashobora gushonga cyane ya selile mu bihe byoroheje.
2. Amine oxydeant
Umuti wa aside amine nkumuti uvanze wa diethylamine (DEA) na chloride yumuringa witwa [Cu (II) -ammonium solution], akaba aribwo buryo bukomeye bushobora gushonga selile. Isenya imiterere ya kristu ya selile ikoresheje okiside hamwe na hydrogène ihuza, bigatuma urunigi rwa selile rworoha kandi rugashonga.
3. Sisitemu ya Litiyumu chloride-dimethylacetamide (LiCl-DMAc)
Sisitemu ya LiCl-DMAc (lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide) ni bumwe mu buryo bwa kera bwo gushonga selile. LiCl irashobora gukora amarushanwa yo guhuza hydrogène, bityo igasenya urusobekerane rwa hydrogène ihuza molekile ya selile, mugihe DMAc nkigisubizo gishobora gukorana neza numuyoboro wa selile.
4. Hydrochloric aside / umuti wa zinc chloride
Acide hydrochloric / zinc chloride igisubizo ni reagent yavumbuwe hakiri kare ishobora gushonga selile. Irashobora gushonga selile ikora ingaruka zo guhuza hagati ya zinc chloride na selile ya selile ya selile, hamwe na aside hydrochloric isenya isano ya hydrogène iri hagati ya molekile ya selile. Nyamara, iki gisubizo cyangirika cyane kubikoresho kandi kigarukira mubikorwa bifatika.
5. Imisemburo ya Fibrinolytike
Imisemburo ya Fibrinolytike (nka selile) ishonga selile mu guhagarika kwangirika kwa selile mo oligosaccharide ntoya na monosaccharide. Ubu buryo bufite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mubijyanye na biodegradation no guhindura biomass, nubwo inzira yo kuyisesa atari ugusenya burundu imiti, ariko bigerwaho binyuze muri biocatalyse.
(3) Uburyo bwo gusesa selile
Reagent zitandukanye zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gushonga selile, ariko muri rusange zishobora kwitirirwa uburyo bubiri bwingenzi:
Gusenya imigozi ya hydrogen: Gusenya imigozi ya hydrogène hagati yiminyururu ya selile ya selile binyuze mumasoko ya hydrogène ihiganwa cyangwa imikoranire ya ionic, bigatuma ikemuka.
Kuruhuka k'urunigi: Kongera ubworoherane bw'iminyururu ya selile no kugabanya ubukana bw'iminyururu ya molekile binyuze mu buryo bw'umubiri cyangwa imiti, kugirango bishobore gushonga mumashanyarazi.
(4) Porogaramu ifatika yo gusesa selile
Iseswa rya selile rifite ibikorwa byingenzi mubice byinshi:
Gutegura ibikomoka kuri selile: Nyuma yo gushonga selile, birashobora guhindurwa muburyo bwa chimique kugirango hategurwe ethers ya selulose, est est selulose nibindi bivamo, bikoreshwa cyane mubiribwa, ubuvuzi, gutwikira no mubindi bice.
Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selile: Gukoresha selile yashonze, nanofibers ya selile, selile ya selile nibindi bikoresho birashobora gutegurwa. Ibi bikoresho bifite imiterere myiza yubukorikori hamwe na biocompatibilité.
Ingufu za biyomasi: Mu gushonga no gutesha agaciro selile, irashobora guhinduka isukari isembuye kugirango ikore ibicanwa nka bioethanol, ifasha kugera ku iterambere no gukoresha ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Iseswa rya selile ni inzira igoye irimo uburyo bwinshi bwa chimique na physique. Amazi ya Ionic, ibisubizo bya amino oxyde, sisitemu ya LiCl-DMAc, aside hydrochloric aside / zinc chloride ibisubizo hamwe na enzymes za selileolyique bizwi ko ari ibintu byiza byo gushonga selile. Buri mukozi afite uburyo bwihariye bwo gusesa hamwe n'umwanya wo gusaba. Hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwuburyo bwo gusesa selile, hizera ko hazashyirwaho uburyo bunoze kandi bwangiza ibidukikije bizangiza, bitanga amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha no guteza imbere selile.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-09-2024